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Investigations on Susceptibility of Marbled Rabbitfish Siganus Rivulatus to Various Infectious Marine Bacteria
Rabiah Hamze,
Nivin Nasser,
Mike Osta,
Zeina Kassaify,
Imad Patrick Saoud
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
161-168
Received:
4 September 2014
Accepted:
24 September 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: Disease management in aquaculture is complicated by the fact that various fish species generally vary in their susceptibility to pathogenic microorganisms, thus requiring that every species be studied independently. The present work was performed to investigate the susceptibility of marbled rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus to the potential bacterial pathogens: Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium marinum, Vibrio anguillarum, Streptococcus iniae, and Yersinia ruckeri. Fish were challenged with the various bacteria and survival and hematological responses were evaluated. Mortalities in all treatments were not significantly greater than the control. However, analyses of hematological parameters suggest that M. marinum is potentially pathogenic to S. rivulatus. Additionally, we investigated whether lesions found on wild fish collected from Beirut beach contained any of the five bacterial species of interest. None of these bacteria were present in the lesions, thus suggesting that lesions were caused by other microbes.
Abstract: Disease management in aquaculture is complicated by the fact that various fish species generally vary in their susceptibility to pathogenic microorganisms, thus requiring that every species be studied independently. The present work was performed to investigate the susceptibility of marbled rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus to the potential bacterial pa...
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Detection of Plasmid in Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Fresh Raw Milk in Nigeria
Enurah Leonard Uwanibe,
Aboaba Olusimbo Olugbo,
Nwachukwu Simon Cyril Ugwumba,
Smith Stella Ifeanyi,
Fowora Adenike,
Nwosuh Chika Ignatius
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
169-174
Received:
2 October 2014
Accepted:
15 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: Aims: To determine the presence of plasmids in Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from fresh raw milk from healthy cattle in Nigeria and also determine its role in antibiotics resistance since this organism is a food borne pathogen of public health importance. Methods and results: Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes was done using selective enrichment and isolation protocol, as recommended by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Association of Analytical Chemists/ International Dairy Federation (AOAC/ IDF). Identification was by phenotypic characterization and confirmed using β-haemolytic activity, phosphatidyl inositol phospholipase-C (PIPLC) assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . Strains identified as Listeria monocytogenes from the six zones were determined and results expressed as rate of prevalence in graph. Twenty-three strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from 305 samples of fresh raw milk were screened for the presence of plasmid DNA using the method of Ehrenfeld and Clewel and agarose gel electrophoresis. One isolate was found to harbour one plasmid with molecular weight of 14.62kb. The plasmid was cured using different concentrations of acridine orange. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out on both the wild strain (with plasmid) and cured strain using disc diffusion method of Bauer-Kirby and it was found that the wild strain was resistant to seven of the twelve antibiotics used while the cured strain was resistant to only one. Conclusions: There is a possibility of the presence of strains of Listeria monocytogenes that can harbour plasmids. This could confer antibiotic resistance to the strains and thus make antibiotic therapy unsuccessful. The increase in the number of antibiotics which the cured strain of Listeria monocytogenes was susceptible to in this study showed that plasmid may play a significant role in antibiotics resistance. The Fulani herdsmen who take fresh raw milk without boiling or pasteurization may serve as carriers of resistant strains of Listeria monocytogenes and help in its spread in the environment through faecal pollution.
Abstract: Aims: To determine the presence of plasmids in Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from fresh raw milk from healthy cattle in Nigeria and also determine its role in antibiotics resistance since this organism is a food borne pathogen of public health importance. Methods and results: Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes was done using selective en...
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The Morphometric Values of the Native Duck and Gooses' Heads: A Computed Tomography Study
Mustafa Orhun Dayan,
Yasin Demiraslan,
Yalcin Akbulut,
Mahmut Duymus,
Murat Sirri Akosman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
175-178
Received:
4 November 2014
Accepted:
11 November 2014
Published:
20 November 2014
Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) is used for anthropomorphometrical studies for creating macroscopic and microscopic models and revealing the phenotypic differences quickly in small animals. This study aimed to determine the morphometric differences of the head native duck and goose, and to presented measurements (length and volume) of their heads, using CT images. For this purpose, the heads of ten male geese and ducks were used. Moreover, nine different anatomic structures were measured on the CT images, and six indexes were calculated. Consequently, each parameter of duck and goose heads showed significant difference between each other, except head volume and greatest high (p<0.05 or 0.01). Besides, it was settled that the calculated indexes had statistically differences among the native goose and ducks' head (p<0.05 or 0.01). According to this result, it was concluded that the morphometric CT measurements would be used to difference of the native goose and ducks’ head.
Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) is used for anthropomorphometrical studies for creating macroscopic and microscopic models and revealing the phenotypic differences quickly in small animals. This study aimed to determine the morphometric differences of the head native duck and goose, and to presented measurements (length and volume) of their heads, using C...
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The Effect of Clinoptilolite on Long Bone Morphometry in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Yasin Demiraslan,
Tuncay Tufan,
Mehmet Sari,
Yalcin Akbulut,
Mustafa Orhun Dayan,
Abdulsamed Kukurt
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
179-183
Received:
3 November 2014
Accepted:
12 November 2014
Published:
17 November 2014
Abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of clinoptilolite long bone morphometry in Japanese quail. In the study, 100 female Japanese quails were used. The animals were slaughtered in 42nd day of study. The long bones of the animals were macerated by boiling. Twenty-three values were measured from the bones. Consequently, it was determined that the addition of clinoptilolite to feed ration in various ratios caused some statistical changes in the morphometry of long bones. The reason of this case is considered as high silicate ingredient available in clinoptilolite.
Abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of clinoptilolite long bone morphometry in Japanese quail. In the study, 100 female Japanese quails were used. The animals were slaughtered in 42nd day of study. The long bones of the animals were macerated by boiling. Twenty-three values were measured from the bones. Consequently, it was determined th...
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Genetic Parameters and Genetic Gain for the Reproduction Traits in Latvian Landrace and Yorkshire Sows Populations
Liga Paura,
Daina Jonkus,
Ugis Permanickis
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
184-188
Received:
13 November 2014
Accepted:
21 November 2014
Published:
25 November 2014
Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the reproduction traits of Landrace and Yorkshire sows and to analyze the genetic gain in these Latvian swine populations. Records of 14 577 first-parity and 27 359 later-parities Landrace sows and 6039 first-parity and 12 360 later-parities Yorkshire sows born between 2000 and 2012 were included in the analysis. The number of piglets born alive and 21-day litter weight at first and later parities, and weaning–conception interval between the first and second parity were included in the study. The genetic parameters were estimated using a single-trait animal model for the first parity and a single-trait repeatability animal model for later parities using REML procedure. Compared to heritability estimates for number born alive, heritabilities for litter weight were higher in both populations: in the first parity 0.10±0.015 vs. 0.31±0.021 for Landrace, and 0.05±0.016 vs. 0.23±0.028 for Yorkshire; in later parities 0.10±0.010 vs. 0.23±0.013 for Landrace, and 0.10±0.017 vs. 0.20±0.022 for Yorkshire. The heritability of reproduction traits was low; however, during the last ten years, reproduction traits in nucleus herds were improving. The results show that genetic progress in the last five years has been relatively low.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the reproduction traits of Landrace and Yorkshire sows and to analyze the genetic gain in these Latvian swine populations. Records of 14 577 first-parity and 27 359 later-parities Landrace sows and 6039 first-parity and 12 360 later-parities Yorkshire sows born between 2000 and 2012 were ...
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Detection of Virulence Genes in Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Broilers
Ezzat M. E.,
Shabana I. I.,
Esawy A. M.,
Elsotohy M. E.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
189-193
Received:
21 October 2014
Accepted:
10 November 2014
Published:
2 December 2014
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonellae in broilers farms in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A total of 1000 samples were collected from 200 broiler chickens (40 apparently healthy, 80 diseased chickens and 80 freshly dead broiler chickens).The samples were liver, caecum, heart blood, spleen & kidney. The colonial morphology, microscopical and biochemical identifications of the isolates revealed the presence of 37 out of 200 chickens (18.5%) salmonella species isolates, representing: 3 from apparently healthy chicken (7.5%), 21 from diseased chickens (26.25%) and 13 from freshly dead broiler chickens (16.25%).The rate of recovery of Salmonellae from the different internal organs showed that high recovery rate was from liver, caecum, spleen, heart then kidney as the follow (9.5%), (5.5%), (4.5%), (3%) and (2%), respectively. The serotyping of the isolated salmonellae from chickens were eight S. enteritidis, one S. maccles Field, two S. wingrove, one S. eingedi, three S. rissen,two S. derby, two S. vejle, one S. magherafelt, two S. berta, two S. enterica sub.spp salamae, one S. gueuletapee, one S. blegdam, five S. kentucky, two S. newport, two S. agona and two S. virchow were isolated from broilers. PCR assay was carried out for six serovars (S. enteritidis, S. maccles Field, S. rissen, S. derby, S. magherafelt and S. enterica sub.spp salamae) to detect the presence of invA, sopB and stn gene, All serovars had the three genes. Gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, colistin sulphate and enrofloxacin were found to be the most effective antimicrobials against the tested isolates; while a high resistance to erythromycin and flumequine were shown. High prevalence of Salmonella in broilers and multidrug resistance, constituting a major concern for public health. Further surveillance programs and research are a necessity to understand their epidemiology and to limit the spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp.
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonellae in broilers farms in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A total of 1000 samples were collected from 200 broiler chickens (40 apparently healthy, 80 diseased chickens and 80 freshly dead broiler chickens).The samples were liver, caecum, heart blood, spleen & kidney. The colonial morpholog...
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Morphological Plasticity of Ticks’ Salivary Glands and the Meaning of Hematophagy in Hosts Immunized with Glandular Extract of Females Fed for 4 Days
Karim Christina Scopinho Furquim,
Maria Izabel Camargo Mathias,
Gislaine Cristina Roma,
Letícia Maria Gráballos Ferraz Hebling,
Gervásio Henrique Bechara
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
194-207
Received:
11 November 2014
Accepted:
28 November 2014
Published:
15 December 2014
Abstract: A histochemical analysis was performed in this study in order to detect proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, acid phosphatase and calcium in the secretion produced by the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus females (Latreille, 1806) (Acari, Ixodidae) fed for 2, 4 and 6 days in New Zealand White rabbits which had been previously immunized with glandular extract obtained from females fed for 4 days (SGE4). The results revealed that such glands presented alterations in their secretory cycle, which occurred: a) by the inactivity of some c1 cells (in the glands of females fed for 2 days) and c4 (in those fed for 4 days) and b) by the modification in the constitution of the secretion of females fed for 2-6 days. It was verified that, in the glands of females fed for 2 days, there was an increase in proteins and calcium; a reduction in lipids and the contents of polysaccharides and acid phosphatase remained unaltered. In those fed for 4 days there was an increase in proteins, calcium and acid phosphatase; reduction in the lipids, and the content of polysaccharides remained unaltered. In the females fed for 6 days an increase in the components was observed; however, there was a reduction in lipids and acid phosphatase. In addition, it was verified that, in a decrescent order of histochemical alterations, the most affected cells were: f; c2, c3, c5; a, d and c4, e in the glands of females fed for 2 days; c5; a, c2, c3, d and c1, e in the glands of females fed for 4 days and a, c1, c2, d and e, c3 in the glands of females fed for 6 days. The data here obtained clearly show that the most pronounced histochemical modifications were detected in the glands of females fed for 2 and 6 days; however, the modifications observed in the females fed for 4 days must also be considered, once they were significant as well. This has probably occurred because the hosts were inoculated with SGE4, obtained from the salivary glands of females fed for 4 days, intermediate stage of the glandular cycle, which contains antigens that are common to glandular tissues of females fed for 2 and 6 days.
Abstract: A histochemical analysis was performed in this study in order to detect proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, acid phosphatase and calcium in the secretion produced by the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus females (Latreille, 1806) (Acari, Ixodidae) fed for 2, 4 and 6 days in New Zealand White rabbits which had been previously immunized with...
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Diet-Dependent Rumen Epithelial NHE1 and NHE3 Expression in Sheep
Rasha S. Ahmed,
Holger Martens,
Christoph Muelling
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
208-212
Received:
3 December 2014
Accepted:
11 December 2014
Published:
19 December 2014
Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the immunohistochemical localization of Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms (NHE1 and NHE3) in the rumen epithelium of Sheep after changing the diet from hay (ad libitum) to a mixed hay/concentrate diet. A total of 24 sheep were fed mixed hay/concentrate for different periods ranging from 0 weeks (control; hay ad libitum) to 12 weeks (1-1.5 kg hay plus 780 g concentrate per day in two equal portions). NHE3-immunostaining was found to be more intense at both stratum granulosum (deep layer) and stratum spinosum (superficial layer), with decreasing intensity through stratum spinosum (deep or suprabasal layer) and stratum basal. Stratum corneum was negative. Distribution of NHE3 isoform was different within the different strata. In stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum (superficial layer), NHE3 isoform was distributed predominant at the apical surface /membrane of the cells. Meanwhile, in both stratum spinosum (deep layer) and stratum basale, intracellular NHE3 isoform was predominantly. The degree of antibody reaction was weak in hay-fed sheep and in all concentrate-fed groups, except in 2 and 4 weeks concentrate-fed groups, in which the degree of the antibody reaction was moderate and strong, respectively. NHE1 isoform was not detected in the sheep-rumen epithelium.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the immunohistochemical localization of Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms (NHE1 and NHE3) in the rumen epithelium of Sheep after changing the diet from hay (ad libitum) to a mixed hay/concentrate diet. A total of 24 sheep were fed mixed hay/concentrate for different periods ranging from 0 weeks (control; hay ...
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Low Sero-Prevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Bulls Originated from Borena Pastoral Area of Southern Ethiopia
Gezahegn Alemayehu,
Samson Leta,
Berhanu Hailu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
213-217
Received:
25 October 2014
Accepted:
6 December 2014
Published:
22 December 2014
Abstract: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly infectious cattle disease, which is widespread in pastoral areas of Africa and it is a major problem for Ethiopian livestock. Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 on bulls’ originated from Borena pastoral area to determine seroprevalence of CBPP. Of the total 40 batches tested for the presence of antibodies using c-ELISA, 25(62.5%) of them contained at least one seropositive bull. From the total of 38,187 bulls tested, 150 (0.4%) bulls were found positive. There was statistically significant (χ2=63.45, df= 9, p=0.000) difference in the occurrence of CBPP among the 10 sites of feedlots operation at individual animal level. In both at herd and individual level, the highest CBPP prevalence was recorded in herd size >1000, and the difference was found statistically significant (P<0.05). There was statistically significant (χ2=23.73, df=9, p= 0.005) difference of CBPP prevalence between months of the year. The present low prevalence CBPP in the cattle feedlots indicate the disease is decreasing progressively in Borena pastoral area. This offered a great opportunity to livestock producers through live animal and meat export. Prompt diagnosis, isolation and stamping out of the outbreaks, intensive surveillance, followed by strict cattle movement control should be implemented by Ethiopian Veterinary Services to eradicate the disease.
Abstract: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly infectious cattle disease, which is widespread in pastoral areas of Africa and it is a major problem for Ethiopian livestock. Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 on bulls’ originated from Borena pastoral area to determine seroprevalence of CBPP. Of the total 40 batches tested for the pres...
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Investigation of Mycoplasma agalactiae by Molecular Methods in Goat Bucks in West of Iran
Mohammad Khezri,
Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh,
Abbas Ashtari,
Babak Rokhzad
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
218-222
Received:
6 December 2014
Accepted:
23 December 2014
Published:
31 December 2014
Abstract: The presence of asymptomatic carriers of Mycoplasma agalactiae in goat buck populations, and the internal presence of this microorganism in some of these animals, indicated that the ability of this micro-organism captive in contagious agalactiae to colonize in other locations such as the respiratory system or genitalia. This study was designed to detect the excretion Mycoplasma agalactiae in goat bucks reared in Iran, where the disease is considered endemic. A total of 196 samples which included semen (n=49), conjunctiva (n=49), nasal (n=49) and ear (n=49) of goat bucks were collected from July to September 2013. To avoid the introduction of goat bucks carrying Mycoplasma organisms sub clinically in samples were obtained from all candidate goat bucks for PCR, to detect the presence of Mycoplasma agalactiae. Of the samples tested, 31.12% were scored positive for Mycoplasma spp. and Mycoplasma agalactiae was detected in seventeen samples, conjunctival (6 positive sample), nasal (1 positive sample), ear (5 positive sample) and semen (5 positive sample). The results obtained in the present study confirm of Mycoplasma agalactiae in the semen, conjunctival, nasal and ear in goat bucks without clinical symptoms of contagious agalactiae infection. The presence of this agent in male goat is considered very risky in terms of reproductive disorders and contagious agalactiae outbreaks in endemic areas in Iran. This is the first report of Mycoplasma agalactiae in goat bucks without contagious agalactiae signs in Iran.
Abstract: The presence of asymptomatic carriers of Mycoplasma agalactiae in goat buck populations, and the internal presence of this microorganism in some of these animals, indicated that the ability of this micro-organism captive in contagious agalactiae to colonize in other locations such as the respiratory system or genitalia. This study was designed to d...
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Mycotoxin Poisoning in an Intensive Beef-Fattening System
Torassa Diego,
Acosta María Florencia,
Lerda Daniel
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
223-227
Received:
18 December 2014
Accepted:
29 December 2014
Published:
6 January 2015
Abstract: In a beef cattle feedlot for human consumption, located in San Agustin village, Calamuchita department, Córdoba, Argentina, a marked mortality rate took place during the months of February 2013 to June 2014. Weather conditions were atypical for the area and season; there were high temperatures, droughts followed by periods of excess moisture and rain. The ration animals were fed with was composed of corn, alfalfa hay, corn burlanda, gluten feed, peanut shells and sunflower pellet. Affected animals presented various symptoms such as dyspnea, hemoglobinuria and hematuria, lack of coordination, death and, in many cases, sudden death. Bovines underwent necropsy by which jaundice, hepatitis with focal necrosis, gallbladder edema, hemoglobinuria, hematuria and kidney necrosis were found. The content of aflatoxins and ochratoxins (OTA) in the ration was determined, detecting a high amount of OTA which may have been the cause of cattle mortality.
Abstract: In a beef cattle feedlot for human consumption, located in San Agustin village, Calamuchita department, Córdoba, Argentina, a marked mortality rate took place during the months of February 2013 to June 2014. Weather conditions were atypical for the area and season; there were high temperatures, droughts followed by periods of excess moisture and ra...
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