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Characterization of Synthesized NANO-encapsulated Drug for Bone Loss on Hind Limb Suspension Rat Model by NMR and Micro-CT
Qingwen Ni,
Hong Dixon,
Gloria Gutierrez,
Long Bi,
Yi-Xian Qin
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2013
Pages:
1-7
Received:
17 April 2013
Accepted:
Published:
14 June 2014
Abstract: A formulation of nano-encapsulated enantiomer of (+) promethazine with desired release rate has been synthesized for establish a localized drug delivery system. It was tested on a hind limb suspension (HLS) disuse rat model, and by using a non-destructive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation technique, and micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) analysis technique to qualitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the new bone formations as well as to compare the current commercial anti-bone loss drug Alendeonate. Our studies suggest that nano-encapsulated (+) promethazine in controlled release formulations conjugating bone-targeting functional groups are effective in promoting bone growth in a disuse rat model
Abstract: A formulation of nano-encapsulated enantiomer of (+) promethazine with desired release rate has been synthesized for establish a localized drug delivery system. It was tested on a hind limb suspension (HLS) disuse rat model, and by using a non-destructive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation technique, and micro computed tomography (Micro-CT...
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Fundamental Basis, Informational Meaning and Data Analysis of Multifrequency Reoencephalography
Yu. Moskalenko,
G. Weinstein,
T. Kravchenko,
N. Ryabchikova,
Yu. Andreeva,
V. Semernia
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2013
Pages:
8-21
Received:
26 April 2013
Accepted:
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: A long historical experience of monofrequency rheoencephalography (REG) showed its limited capabilities. The new approach is presented – multifrequency REG that is REG recording simultaneously at three frequencies - 16, 100 and 200 kHz. The different brain impedances received were analyzed on the base of equivalent electrical circuits of brain tissue. First, this enables to calculate intra-extracellular electrical component for evaluation of brain tissue hydration state by means of an original computational method. Second, dynamic cooperative analysis of multi-REG and transcranial Doppler pulsations provides the indices of intracranial CSF mobility (CSFm) and cranial compliance (CCe). Third, spectral analysis of processes recorded provides the new valuable information about regulatory processes and brain metabolism involved, and this enables to evaluate indirectly brain cognitive capabilities. Fourth, comparison of spectrum diagrams of slow intracranial volume fluctuations in ranges 0 – 0.3 Hz demonstrates their similarity both in healthy human and in awake rabbits, notwithstanding their rates differences of heart pulsations and respiratory chest movements. The application of this new approach to investigation of intracranial circulation in healthy humans of different ages and in neurosurgical patients showed its promising efficacy.
Abstract: A long historical experience of monofrequency rheoencephalography (REG) showed its limited capabilities. The new approach is presented – multifrequency REG that is REG recording simultaneously at three frequencies - 16, 100 and 200 kHz. The different brain impedances received were analyzed on the base of equivalent electrical circuits of brain tiss...
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Study of Effect of Sodium Arsenite on Lipid Metabolism of Heteropneustes Fossilis and the Chelating Effect of Zeolite
Jayasree Balasubramanian,
Anil Kumar
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2013
Pages:
22-27
Received:
10 May 2013
Accepted:
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: Arsenic, the metal pollutant found naturally in groundwater and unnaturally in mine waste sites and agricultural runoff, has been considered toxic to humans for several millennia. Fishes, which are rich sources of a healthy diet, are endangered by hazardous contaminants in water, like arsenic, which are transferred through food chain. In the present work the effect of different concentrations of sodium arsenite on lipid metabolism in Heteropneustes fossilis, and the chelating effect of synthetic zeolite was studied from liver. Fishes were exposed to two different concentrations of sodium arsenite (200ml and 400ml of 1% solution), for 3 different durations (3days, 7days and 15 days). The concentrations of total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride was found significantly increased (P<0.05) along with increasing concentration and duration of sodium arsenite. The toxic effect was found recovered after application of synthetic zeolite for all parameters. The results suggest that, zeolite is a potential compound for decreasing significantly the load of toxicity of arsenic in aquatic fauna.
Abstract: Arsenic, the metal pollutant found naturally in groundwater and unnaturally in mine waste sites and agricultural runoff, has been considered toxic to humans for several millennia. Fishes, which are rich sources of a healthy diet, are endangered by hazardous contaminants in water, like arsenic, which are transferred through food chain. In the presen...
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Responses of Chlorophyll a Content for Conchocelis Phase of Alaskan Porphyra (Bangiales,Rhodophyta) Species to Environmental Factors
Rulong Lin,
Michael Steven Stekoll
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2013
Pages:
28-39
Received:
1 June 2013
Accepted:
Published:
30 June 2013
Abstract: Investigations were performed on variations of photosynthetic pigment in conchocelis of Alaskan Porphyra species, P. abbottae (Pa), P. pseudolanceolata (Pe), P. pseudolinearis (Pi) and P. torta (Pt), in response to environmental variables. Conchocelis were cultured under varying conditions of irradiance (0, 10, 40 and 160 µmol photons m-2s-1), nutrient concentration (0, f/4, f/2 and f) for up to 60 days (with temperature 11°C and salinity 30ppt). Chlorophyll a (Chl a ) content was measured by spectrophotometry. Results indicated that Chl content varied with different culture conditions and species. Photosynthetic pigment was significantly affected by irradiance, nutrient concentration and culture duration, including some interactions of major factors for different species. Light had the most obvious influence on pigment content. For all four species and culture conditions tested, the higher Chl a content (3.6-8.6 mg/g.dw) generally occurred at 0-10 µmol photons m 2 s 1than at higher irradiances (≥40 µmol photons m-2s-1 ) culture. For all culture conditions, Chl a content in conchocelis culture with no nutrients added was the lowest. Although there was some difference in Chl a content for cultures with f/2-f nutrient concentration, it was not statistically significant. ANOVA results showed that culture duration had influence on Chl a content of Pa, Pe and Pi species. However, pooled data analysis indicated there was no obvious difference in Chl content for four species of 10-60day culture. There were significant differences in photosynthetic pigment content for different species. Pa and Pi produced much higher pigment content than the other two species responding to different environmental conditions. Maximal Chl. a content (8.6 mg/g.dw) for Pa occurred at 0 µmol photons m-2s-1, f/2 nutrient concentration and 10 day culture duration. Pt contained the lowest pigment content for all culture conditions. Photosynthetic pigment remained relatively higher content under the complete darkness or the low irradiance continuously as long as 60 days for all tested species, which demonstrated the unique survival feature of Porphyra conchocelis. Variation patterns of pigment content, ecological significance and adaptation strategy to low or dark light conditions for microscopic conchocelis stage of Porphyra were discussed.
Abstract: Investigations were performed on variations of photosynthetic pigment in conchocelis of Alaskan Porphyra species, P. abbottae (Pa), P. pseudolanceolata (Pe), P. pseudolinearis (Pi) and P. torta (Pt), in response to environmental variables. Conchocelis were cultured under varying conditions of irradiance (0, 10, 40 and 160 µmol photons m-2s-1), nutr...
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