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Prevalence and Determinant Factors for Sharp Injuries among Addis Ababa Hospitals Health Professionals
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
189-193
Received:
5 August 2013
Accepted:
Published:
30 September 2013
Abstract: Background: Sharp piercing injuries to medical personnel are a piercing body trauma caused by sharp medical equipment used to screen, diagnose, treat or follow up patients’ conditions. More than 50 pathogens can be transmitted by sharp injury. There is no previous study conducted among Addis Ababa hospitals that has addressed the prevalence and associated risk factors for sharp injury. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinant factors for sharp injuries among health professionals working in Addis Ababa hospitals. Methodology: Cross sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa from January to June 2012. A total of 645 study participants were obtained using 95 % confidence interval, 25.7% Proportion, margin of error 5%, design effect of 2 and non response rate of 10%. Using multi stage sampling techniques 11 hospitals and 645 health professionals were selected. The data was collected using self administered questionnaire. Pre-test was performed in Yekatit 12 hospital. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were used to identify the associated factor. Result: A total of 631 health professionals were included with a response rate of 97.83%. The mean age of the respondents was 29.85 years, 57.8% of the respondents were female. The prevalence of sharp injury was 66.6%. Sharp injury was associated with work load (AOR= 15.576, 95% CI: 7.795, 31.125), working in private hospitals (AOR= 3.033, 95%CI: 1.731, 5.314), disassembling of syringe and needle (AOR= 5.380, 95% CI: 2.684, 10.785), over use of injection (AOR= 5.654, 95% CI: 2.404, 13.298), Universal precaution (AOR= 0.382, 95% CI: 0.222, 0.659), injection safety training (AOR= 0.521, 95%CI: 0.320, 0.849), infection prevention training (AOR= 0.299, 95% CI: 0.177, 0.504), availability of safety box (AOR= 0.036, 95% CI: 0.013, 0.1). Conclusion: High prevalence of sharp injuries was observed. Sharp injuries were associated with workload, working in private hospitals, disassembling of syringe and needle, over use of injection, application of universal precautions, injection safety training and infection prevention training. A lot of health professionals are suffering from blood borne pathogens.
Abstract: Background: Sharp piercing injuries to medical personnel are a piercing body trauma caused by sharp medical equipment used to screen, diagnose, treat or follow up patients’ conditions. More than 50 pathogens can be transmitted by sharp injury. There is no previous study conducted among Addis Ababa hospitals that has addressed the prevalence and ass...
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A Comparative Study of Dietary Fiber Awareness, Diseases & Drugs Interaction in Rural and Urban Areas of Bangladesh
Md. Tanvir Ahmed,
Sk. Shahinur Rahman,
Md. Shofikul Islam,
A. Y. K. Md. Masud Rana,
Md. Hafizur Rahman
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
194-200
Received:
12 August 2013
Accepted:
Published:
20 October 2013
Abstract: This comparative study represents the dietary fiber awareness among the two selected areas of Bangladesh, especially urban & rural areas to detect the situation about knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of dietary fiber. This study is conducted among 100 people of two areas and shows that knowledge about dietary fiber is higher among the respondents of urban (96%) than the respondents of rural (74%). This study also represents that the attitude to prefer drugs, using laxative is higher among the respondents of urban area. But the curiosity of more intake of dietary fiber is higher among the rural people. This study also shows that among the rural people, the tendency of buying dietary fiber containing foods and intake of fresh dietary fiber foods is higher than urban. But practice of habiting of dietary fiber in fiber content foods stuffs is very much conscious among the respondents of both areas.
Abstract: This comparative study represents the dietary fiber awareness among the two selected areas of Bangladesh, especially urban & rural areas to detect the situation about knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of dietary fiber. This study is conducted among 100 people of two areas and shows that knowledge about dietary fiber is higher among the respon...
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Quality of Monitoring and Evaluation of Malaria Control Activities: Tracking Stock-Outs and Replenishment of Supplies in Anambra State, Nigeria
Jane Chinelo Enemuoh,
Obinna Emmanuel Onwujekwe,
Benjamin Sunday Chudi Uzochukwu,
Joseph Oranuba,
Amobi Linus Ilika
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
201-208
Received:
23 August 2013
Accepted:
Published:
20 October 2013
Abstract: Introduction: The use of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) data is recognized as a major factor in the improvement and strengthening of malaria control programmes. This study assesses the quality of M&E in malaria control, with special emphasis on use of M&E to detect and control stock-outs of drugs and other supplies. Methods:The study was undertaken in Anambra state, southeat Nigeria. Training on M&E was used to improve health workers practice on the use of M&E tools for malaria control. Data was collected from 210 health workers in the surveyed public health facilities using questionnaire to monitor and evaluate health workers knowledge and practice on the use of M&E tools as well as on control for tracking stock-outs. Data on Observations were also collected on the completeness of the facilities’ store records, commodity tracking systems and completed M&E forms. Results: A total of 54(25.6%) of the respondents had attended a training on the use of M&E tools. Stock-out of malaria commodities was high, especially Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). It took a long time for stock-outs to be reported to a higher level and replenished. The main reason for stock-outs was ineffective communication. In most cases, there were no feedbacks of data transmitted from lower to higher levels of the M&E stratum. Conclusions: The quality of malaria M&E is still sub-optimal leading to stock-out of malaria control commodities. Adequate strategies should be designed by programme managers so as to enhance more effective M&E for improved malaria control.
Abstract: Introduction: The use of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) data is recognized as a major factor in the improvement and strengthening of malaria control programmes. This study assesses the quality of M&E in malaria control, with special emphasis on use of M&E to detect and control stock-outs of drugs and other supplies. Methods:The study was undertake...
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Khat Chewing and Its Associated Factor among College Students in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
209-214
Received:
6 September 2013
Accepted:
Published:
30 October 2013
Abstract: Background: - Khat is a large green shrub that grows at high altitude in the region extending from eastern to southern Africa, as well as on the Arabian Peninsula. Khat is widely consumed among the youth of Ethiopia; especially among high school, College and University students. Khat chewing is the risk of frequently absenteeism from class and poor academic performance of the students. Moreover, it has serious health, social and economic consequence. However, information on prevalence and its associated factor is scarce in the study area. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the prevalence of khat chewing and its associated factor among College students in Bahir Dar town, Ethiopia. Methods: - School based cross-sectional survey was conducted in May 2012 among 754 College students in Bahir Dar town, Ethiopia. Data were collected using pre-tested structured facilitator guided self administered questionnaire. Multi stage sampling technique was used to select students for the survey. The collected data were cleaned, coded and entered on to EPi-Info version 3.5.2 Statistical package soft ware. Data were exported to SPSS version 16 program for analysis. The proportion of youth reported khat chewing was computed. Logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with khat chewing. Result- the overall prevalence of khat chewing in College students was 146 (19.6%). The factors associated with khat chewing were being male [Adjusted OR =5.88, 95% CI = (3.18, 10.87)], having pocket money [Adjusted OR =3.42, 95% CI = (2.04, 5.76)], urban residence [Adjusted OR =4.09, 95% CI =(2.38, 7.01)], peer pressure [Adjusted OR =13.16, 95% CI =(6.89, 25.17)], and parental model [Adjusted OR =4.28, 95% CI =(1.96, 9.35)]. Conclusion -The prevalence of khat chewing was high among College students in the study area. Factors that significantly affect the habit of khat chewing were identified. Colleges and health Bureau should design and implement audience specific behavioral change communication about consequence of khat chewing to prevent and avert students khat chewing practice.
Abstract: Background: - Khat is a large green shrub that grows at high altitude in the region extending from eastern to southern Africa, as well as on the Arabian Peninsula. Khat is widely consumed among the youth of Ethiopia; especially among high school, College and University students. Khat chewing is the risk of frequently absenteeism from class and poor...
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Epidemiology of Elderly Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Severs Medical Illnesses
Rhita Bennis Nechba,
Moncif El M’barki Kadiri,
Amine Ali Zeggwagh,
Abdelhalim Mesfioui
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
215-221
Received:
9 October 2013
Accepted:
Published:
30 October 2013
Abstract: Objectives: This study was made to identify the epidemiological data of elderly patients (over 65 years of age) vs. younger patients (< 65 years) requiring admission to the intensive care unit for severs medical illnesses. Design and patients: We conducted an analysis of a prospective observational study of 106 adults admitted to the intensive care unit for severs medical illnesses, from January 2010 to January 2012. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit for surgical illnesses were excluded. Setting: A 6-bed polyvalent intensive care unit in a regional hospital. Results: The study group included 31(29%) elderly patients (≥65 years of age) and 75 (71%) young patients (<65 years of age) (n=106). Elderly patients tended to have a higher simplified acute physiology score version II in admission (36 vs 21, p<0,001). There were several epidemiological differences between the two groups: Chronic diseases were more frequent in elderly patients than in younger one (diabetes (55% vs 20%; p<0,001), high blood pressure (45% vs 13%; p<0,001) and heart diseases (48% vs 19%; p=0,002). Elderly patients were significantly more hospitalized for delirium comparing to younger one (87% vs 64%; p=0,017), but dyspnea was less percepted by elderly patients 29% vs 55% for younger patients, p=0,016. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute heart failure, acute kidney injury, were all more frequent in elderly patients respectively (p= 0,006, p=0,014, p=0,005). The incidence of death was 37% for all patients and it was similar between the two groups (p=0,251). Conclusion: The identification of epidemiology of older patients hospitalized in intensive care unit for severs medical illnesses will help to develop qualified practice. Further studies are needed to better characterize those elderly individuals who may be at the highest risk of complications.
Abstract: Objectives: This study was made to identify the epidemiological data of elderly patients (over 65 years of age) vs. younger patients (...
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Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Junior High School Students – Evidence from Mfantseman Municipality of Ghana
Kwaw Emmanuel,
Sackey,
Augustina Sackle,
Awere,
Eric
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
222-226
Received:
28 October 2013
Accepted:
Published:
20 November 2013
Abstract: Malnutrition is one of the major problems facing the developing countries, especially among children. It is estimated that, 28% of children under the age of five are stunted whilst 14% are underweight in Ghana. Minister of Food and Agriculture in 2004 asserted that the Intelligent Quotient (IQ) of Ghanaian children has generally reduced due to poor dietary composition of their food coupled with little attention paid to good nutrition and that the nation is likely to suffer the consequences of unintelligent generation. It is against this background that this study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of Junior High School (JHS) students in the Mfantseman Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana with the objectives of estimating the body mass index (BMI) of the students through anthropometric measurements and use the BMI to determine their nutritional status as well as finding out factors contributing to their nutritional status. The study used purposive, convenient and random sampling techniques to select 7320 school children. Data was collected on the students’ age, height and weight. The Body Mass Index (BMI) for age was calculated and compared with the 2007 WHO reference to identify their nutritional status. The study revealed that overall prevalence of malnutrition in the community was high with 25.9% of the children being overweight, 5.5 and 5.8% been lean or severely lean while 39.0% were normal. The incidence of malnutrition was prevalent among boys than girls. The high incidence of malnutrition may be attributed to improper dietary habits, unawareness of balanced diet, poor prenatal nutrition and low family income.
Abstract: Malnutrition is one of the major problems facing the developing countries, especially among children. It is estimated that, 28% of children under the age of five are stunted whilst 14% are underweight in Ghana. Minister of Food and Agriculture in 2004 asserted that the Intelligent Quotient (IQ) of Ghanaian children has generally reduced due to poor...
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Factors Responsible for Early and Forced Marriage in Iran
Hossein Matlabi,
Ahmad Rasouli,
Hamidreza Hamedi Behtash,
Ali Faraghi Dastjerd,
Behnaz Khazemi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
227-229
Received:
29 October 2013
Accepted:
Published:
20 November 2013
Abstract: Child marriage directly impact girls’ education, health, psychological well-being, and the health of their offspring. This qualitative study was carried out to investigate the causes of this silent health issue in village of Hervi, Tabriz, Iran. Data was collected by participating 60 students and their parents using focus group discussions and interviews and then analysed by applying content analysis. Results showed that the most important reason was cultural, traditional issues which driven by poverty and low awareness of the respondents about risk of child marriage. One of the most effective methods of reducing child marriage and its health consequences is mandating that girls stay in school.
Abstract: Child marriage directly impact girls’ education, health, psychological well-being, and the health of their offspring. This qualitative study was carried out to investigate the causes of this silent health issue in village of Hervi, Tabriz, Iran. Data was collected by participating 60 students and their parents using focus group discussions and inte...
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Prevalence of Diarrheain Under-Five Children among Health Extension Model and Non-Model Households in Sheko District Rural Community, Southwest Ethiopia
Teklemichael Gebru,
Mohammed Taha,
Wondwosen Kassahun
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
230-234
Received:
25 October 2013
Accepted:
Published:
30 November 2013
Abstract: Background: Childhood mortality rates reduction by two-thirds is one of the Millennium Development Goals target. Worldwide diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in under-five year’schildren.It is responsible for 1.7 million morbidity and 760, 000 mortality of children every year. In Ethiopia diarrhea kills half million under-five children annually.Around 90% of diarrheal disease occurs due to poor sanitation, lack of access to clean water supply and inadequate personal hygiene. In Ethiopia healthcare, those factors are included in health extension programme as intervention package, which is introduced in 2002/03. As a strategy of the programme households have been graduated as Model Families by the 16 interventional packages.Objective: To assess prevalence of diarrheal disease in under-five children among health extension model and non-model families in Sheko district rural community, Southwest Ethiopia.Methods: a community based comparative cross-sectional study design was employed from January 31 to February29/2012 in Sheko district. A stratified multi-stage simple random sampling technique was used to select 825 (275 model and 550 non-model) households that had at least one under-five children. Data was collected using pre-tested questionnaire by trained data collectors. A summery descriptive summery statistics and chi-square test was computed to describe the data.Result:In the study 265 model and 529 non-modelhouseholds with at least one under-five childrenwere enrolled the interview, which makes a response rate of 96.2%. Almost all of the respondents were the real mothers of the index child for both groups [264 (99.6%) model and 528 (99.8%) non-model households]. Regarding to religion Orthodox was shared more than half of the total study population for both group [167 (63.0%), model and 332 (62.8%), non-model households]. Among the study participants 74 (27.9%) model and 188 (35.5%) non-model households was Bench by ethnicity.The two weeks diarrhea prevalence in under-fives among model and non-model household were 6.4% and 25.5%, respectively, which is statistically significant different [x2 = 41.63, P< 0.01].Conclusion: there is significant difference of diarrheal prevalence was observed among children’s whose families were model and non-model for health extension programme. Thus encouraging households being model families should be strengthening to reduce childhood diarrhea.
Abstract: Background: Childhood mortality rates reduction by two-thirds is one of the Millennium Development Goals target. Worldwide diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in under-five year’schildren.It is responsible for 1.7 million morbidity and 760, 000 mortality of children every year. In Ethiopia diarrhea kills half million under-five c...
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Socio-Economic Dependence on the Incidence of Tuberculosis in Jos, North Central Nigeria
Bigwan E. I.,
Ohaeri M. C.,
Vem T. S.,
Sheyin Z.,
Umar A.,
Olukose O. J.,
Wuyep P.,
Gyang B.,
Chollom S. C.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
235-238
Received:
11 December 2013
Accepted:
Published:
30 December 2013
Abstract: Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a disease of serious public health concern due to its high tendency of person-person transmission, morbidity, and mortality. Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of AFB in relation to some socioeconomic variables within the study area. Methods: Sputum samples were collected from three hundred and three (303) patients with suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Jos, Nigeria. The samples were examined using Ziehl Neelsen method. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain some demographic data from patients that consented. Results were tested statistically for significance at p < 0.05 using Chi-square test. Results: Of the samples examined, 29(9.60%) were positive for AFB .Statistically the study reveals that occupational status and educational status does not have any effects on the prevalence (p > 0.05). Income status of individuals showed a significant effect on the prevalence (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculosis was recorded more among patients with low socio-economic status. There is need for a more collaborative efforts and political will by the government and non-governmental agencies in order to eliminate the infection in the nearest future.
Abstract: Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a disease of serious public health concern due to its high tendency of person-person transmission, morbidity, and mortality. Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of AFB in relation to some socioeconomic variables within the study area. Methods: Sputum samples were collected from th...
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Effects of Taping Application Type on Grip Power, Pinch Power, and EMG Activity
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2013
Pages:
239-243
Received:
11 December 2013
Accepted:
Published:
30 January 2014
Abstract: This study is to investigate the changes of grip power, pinch power, EMG (MVC) and to generalize the effects by differentiating the application of tape on hand which we use the most in daily living. All subjects were divided into three groups, FT, ET, and RT group. All groups conducted pre-test and grip/pinch power and EMG were measured before and after the application of taping. Hand dynamometer was used to measure the grip power of hand. Measuring instrument for pinch power was used to investigate the pinch power according to the strength of hand. Maximum grip force and forearm surface EMG were recorded for maximum voluntary isometric grip contractions. After the application of flexor taping, there was a significant change in grip power (p<0.05), but not significant in pinch power (p>0.05). After the application of extensor taping, both grip power and pinch power showed some increases, but no significance (p>0.05). After the application of ring taping, there was a significant change (p<0.05), but not statistically significant in the pinch power (p>0.05). Application of ring taping was significant increase at the MVC compared with other groups (p<0.05). Flexor and ring type of taping therapy increased the grip power, MVC of hand and is expected to be used as a auxiliary tool for improvement of strength and function in patients who have low hand function because of frequent use of hands.
Abstract: This study is to investigate the changes of grip power, pinch power, EMG (MVC) and to generalize the effects by differentiating the application of tape on hand which we use the most in daily living. All subjects were divided into three groups, FT, ET, and RT group. All groups conducted pre-test and grip/pinch power and EMG were measured before and ...
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