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Optimization of Intercritical Annealing Process Parameters for SCM435 Alloy Steel Wires by Using Taguchi Method

Received: Dec. 07, 2018    Accepted: Dec. 27, 2018    Published: Jan. 16, 2019
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Abstract

The quality of a spheroidized annealed wire affects the forming quality of fasteners. In the fastener industry, wire manufacturers use an intercritical process for spheroidized annealing medium carbon steel wires. The influence of intercritical annealing parameters namely section-area reductions, preheating rate, spheroidized annealing temperature, prolonged heating time, holding temperature and time, cooling rate and temperature is investigated for the responses of quality characteristics of wires, such as tensile strength and ductility, after spheroidized annealing operation. A series of experimental tests on SCM435 alloy medium carbon steel wires is carried out in a commercial hydrogen furnace. Taguchi method along with ANOVA is used to obtain optimal spheroidized annealing conditions to improve the mechanical properties of alloy steel wires for cold forming. It is experimentally revealed that the area reduction ratio, spheroidized annealing temperature, holding temperature and cooling temperature significantly affect the quality of annealed SCM435 alloy steel wires. The optimal combination of process parameters lead to obtaining the optimal mean tensile strength of 567.8 MPa and mean ductility of 0.361. A comparison between the results obtained using the optimal spheroidized annealing conditions and the measures determined using the original settings shows that the new spheroidizing parameter settings effectively improve the performance measures over their values at the original settings. The cold formability of SCM435 alloy steel wires is effectively improved.

DOI 10.11648/j.am.20180704.17
Published in Advances in Materials ( Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2018 )
Page(s) 144-152
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Intercritical Process, Spheroidized Annealing, Taguchi Method, Formability

References
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[8] J. M. O’Brien and W. F. Hosford. Spheroidization Cycles for Medium Carbon Steels. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 33, (2002) pp. 1255-1261.
[9] D. H. Shin, S. Y. Han, K.-T. Park, Y.-S. Kim and Y.-N. Paik. Spheroidization of Low Carbon Steel Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing. Materials Transactions. 44, (2003) pp. 1630-1635.
[10] Y. G. Ko, S. Namgung, D. H. Shin, I. H. Son, K. H. Rhee and D.-L. Lee. Spheroidization of Medium Carbon Steel Fabricated by Continuous Shear Drawing. Journal of Materials Science. 45, (2010) pp. 4866-4870.
[11] Y. P. Gul’, M. A. Sobolenko and A. V. Ivchenko. Improvement in the Spheroidizing Annealing of Low-Carbon Steel for Cold Upsetting. Steel in Translation. 42, (2012) pp. 531-535.
[12] S. H. Min and T. K. Ha. Tensile Behavior of Spheroidizing Heat Treated High Carbon Steel. International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering. 8, (2014) pp.105-107.
[13] H. S. Joo, S. K. Hwang, H. M. Baek, Y.-T. Im, I.-H. Son and C. M. Bae. The Effect of a Non-circular Drawing Sequence on Spheroidization of Medium Carbon Steel Wires. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 216, (2015) pp.348-356.
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[15] C.-C. Yang and C.-L. Liu. Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of 1022 Carbon Steel Coil by Using the Taguchi Method to Optimize Spheroidized Annealing Conditions. Materials. 9, 693, (2016).
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[17] M. Wang, J. Shan, C. Zheng, M. Zhang, Z. Yang and F. Zhang. Effects of Deformation and Addition of Aluminium on Spheroidisation of High-carbon-bearing Steel. Materials Science and Technology. (2017) pp. 1-11.
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    Chih-Cheng Yang, Nan-Hua Lu. (2019). Optimization of Intercritical Annealing Process Parameters for SCM435 Alloy Steel Wires by Using Taguchi Method. Advances in Materials, 7(4), 144-152. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20180704.17

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    ACS Style

    Chih-Cheng Yang; Nan-Hua Lu. Optimization of Intercritical Annealing Process Parameters for SCM435 Alloy Steel Wires by Using Taguchi Method. Adv. Mater. 2019, 7(4), 144-152. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20180704.17

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    AMA Style

    Chih-Cheng Yang, Nan-Hua Lu. Optimization of Intercritical Annealing Process Parameters for SCM435 Alloy Steel Wires by Using Taguchi Method. Adv Mater. 2019;7(4):144-152. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20180704.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.am.20180704.17,
      author = {Chih-Cheng Yang and Nan-Hua Lu},
      title = {Optimization of Intercritical Annealing Process Parameters for SCM435 Alloy Steel Wires by Using Taguchi Method},
      journal = {Advances in Materials},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {144-152},
      doi = {10.11648/j.am.20180704.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20180704.17},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20180704.17},
      abstract = {The quality of a spheroidized annealed wire affects the forming quality of fasteners. In the fastener industry, wire manufacturers use an intercritical process for spheroidized annealing medium carbon steel wires. The influence of intercritical annealing parameters namely section-area reductions, preheating rate, spheroidized annealing temperature, prolonged heating time, holding temperature and time, cooling rate and temperature is investigated for the responses of quality characteristics of wires, such as tensile strength and ductility, after spheroidized annealing operation. A series of experimental tests on SCM435 alloy medium carbon steel wires is carried out in a commercial hydrogen furnace. Taguchi method along with ANOVA is used to obtain optimal spheroidized annealing conditions to improve the mechanical properties of alloy steel wires for cold forming. It is experimentally revealed that the area reduction ratio, spheroidized annealing temperature, holding temperature and cooling temperature significantly affect the quality of annealed SCM435 alloy steel wires. The optimal combination of process parameters lead to obtaining the optimal mean tensile strength of 567.8 MPa and mean ductility of 0.361. A comparison between the results obtained using the optimal spheroidized annealing conditions and the measures determined using the original settings shows that the new spheroidizing parameter settings effectively improve the performance measures over their values at the original settings. The cold formability of SCM435 alloy steel wires is effectively improved.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    AU  - Chih-Cheng Yang
    AU  - Nan-Hua Lu
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.am.20180704.17
    T2  - Advances in Materials
    JF  - Advances in Materials
    JO  - Advances in Materials
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    EP  - 152
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20180704.17
    AB  - The quality of a spheroidized annealed wire affects the forming quality of fasteners. In the fastener industry, wire manufacturers use an intercritical process for spheroidized annealing medium carbon steel wires. The influence of intercritical annealing parameters namely section-area reductions, preheating rate, spheroidized annealing temperature, prolonged heating time, holding temperature and time, cooling rate and temperature is investigated for the responses of quality characteristics of wires, such as tensile strength and ductility, after spheroidized annealing operation. A series of experimental tests on SCM435 alloy medium carbon steel wires is carried out in a commercial hydrogen furnace. Taguchi method along with ANOVA is used to obtain optimal spheroidized annealing conditions to improve the mechanical properties of alloy steel wires for cold forming. It is experimentally revealed that the area reduction ratio, spheroidized annealing temperature, holding temperature and cooling temperature significantly affect the quality of annealed SCM435 alloy steel wires. The optimal combination of process parameters lead to obtaining the optimal mean tensile strength of 567.8 MPa and mean ductility of 0.361. A comparison between the results obtained using the optimal spheroidized annealing conditions and the measures determined using the original settings shows that the new spheroidizing parameter settings effectively improve the performance measures over their values at the original settings. The cold formability of SCM435 alloy steel wires is effectively improved.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C

  • Graduate School of Fasteners Industry Technology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C

  • Section