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Assessment of Hygienic Practices Among Primary School Pupils in Mwanza City

Received: 5 October 2022    Accepted: 28 November 2022    Published: 15 December 2022
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Abstract

Despite the efforts done by the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and other private entities to provide hygienic education and support the construction and improvement of hygienic infrastructures in many government schools, the issue of hygiene in majority of the primary schools is still questionable. Feces and urine are not properly disposed of into the pits in most of the primary schools. During the study, it was observed that despite the presence of hand washing facilities in most schools, a number of pupils were found not washing their hands when they came out from the latrines. Rarely, a few pupils were observed washing their hands with clean water and soap after using the toilets. Thus this study aimed to investigate the general knowledge and perception of the pupils on general hygiene as well as to assess the factors that can be associated with the hygienic practices. A cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 792 primary school pupils in Mwanza city. To avoid excuses, the study deployed only public schools which had access to water and had the hand washing facilities installed. The study found out that majority, 773 [97.6%] out of 792 pupils reported to be aware on general hygiene, 630 pupils [79.6%] had a positive perception and only 424 [53.5%] reported to wash their hands with soap and water after they use the latrine. Generally, majority of the pupils participated in this study reported to be aware on general hygiene. Majority of the participants also had a positive perception on hygienic practices. Hygienic practices were associated with location of schools in municipalities and perception of individuals. The study recommends that the stakeholders should continue with the provision of hygienic education and especially on the impact of the poor hygienic behavior.

Published in Advances in Applied Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.aas.20220704.15
Page(s) 135-143
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Knowledge, Perception, Hygienic Practices

References
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[5] WHO and UNICEF. Progress on Sanitation and Drinking water - 2010 Update. 2010.
[6] WHO. The World Health Report: Working together for health. 2006.
[7] Montgomery MA, Desai MM, Elimelech M. Short Report : Comparing the Effectiveness of Shared versus Private Latrines in Preventing Trachoma in Rural Tanzania. Trop Med. 2010; 82 (4): 693–5.
[8] UNICEF. Fact sheet: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, 2009.
[9] Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. National Strategic Plan For School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene [SWASH] 2012 - 2017. 2012.
[10] SNV. School WASH in Tanzania Improving WASH in Schools : Improving the Quality of Education. 2008.
[11] UNICEF. Children’s Agenda | Advocacy Brief Improving water supply, sanitation and hygiene [WASH]. Water.
[12] Water and Sanitation Program. Can hygiene be cool and fun: Insights from School Children in Senegal. [Accessed July 10, 2009]. Available at: http://www.comminit.com/en/node/264152/38.
[13] Dreibelbis R, Freeman MC, Greene LE, Saboori S, Rheingans R. The Impact of School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions on the Health of Younger Siblings of Pupils : a Cluster-Randomized Trial in Kenya. Am J Public Health. 2014; 104 (1): 91–7.
[14] Lopez-quintero C, Freeman P, Neumark Y. Hand Washing Among School Children in Bogota. 2009; 99 (1): 94–101.
[15] Sibiya JE, Gumbo JR. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices [KAP] Survey on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Selected Schools in Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013; 2282–95.
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  • APA Style

    Elias Musa, Japhet Simeo, Thomas Rutachunzibwa. (2022). Assessment of Hygienic Practices Among Primary School Pupils in Mwanza City. Advances in Applied Sciences, 7(4), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.15

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    ACS Style

    Elias Musa; Japhet Simeo; Thomas Rutachunzibwa. Assessment of Hygienic Practices Among Primary School Pupils in Mwanza City. Adv. Appl. Sci. 2022, 7(4), 135-143. doi: 10.11648/j.aas.20220704.15

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    AMA Style

    Elias Musa, Japhet Simeo, Thomas Rutachunzibwa. Assessment of Hygienic Practices Among Primary School Pupils in Mwanza City. Adv Appl Sci. 2022;7(4):135-143. doi: 10.11648/j.aas.20220704.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.aas.20220704.15,
      author = {Elias Musa and Japhet Simeo and Thomas Rutachunzibwa},
      title = {Assessment of Hygienic Practices Among Primary School Pupils in Mwanza City},
      journal = {Advances in Applied Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {135-143},
      doi = {10.11648/j.aas.20220704.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aas.20220704.15},
      abstract = {Despite the efforts done by the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and other private entities to provide hygienic education and support the construction and improvement of hygienic infrastructures in many government schools, the issue of hygiene in majority of the primary schools is still questionable. Feces and urine are not properly disposed of into the pits in most of the primary schools. During the study, it was observed that despite the presence of hand washing facilities in most schools, a number of pupils were found not washing their hands when they came out from the latrines. Rarely, a few pupils were observed washing their hands with clean water and soap after using the toilets. Thus this study aimed to investigate the general knowledge and perception of the pupils on general hygiene as well as to assess the factors that can be associated with the hygienic practices. A cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 792 primary school pupils in Mwanza city. To avoid excuses, the study deployed only public schools which had access to water and had the hand washing facilities installed. The study found out that majority, 773 [97.6%] out of 792 pupils reported to be aware on general hygiene, 630 pupils [79.6%] had a positive perception and only 424 [53.5%] reported to wash their hands with soap and water after they use the latrine. Generally, majority of the pupils participated in this study reported to be aware on general hygiene. Majority of the participants also had a positive perception on hygienic practices. Hygienic practices were associated with location of schools in municipalities and perception of individuals. The study recommends that the stakeholders should continue with the provision of hygienic education and especially on the impact of the poor hygienic behavior.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Assessment of Hygienic Practices Among Primary School Pupils in Mwanza City
    AU  - Elias Musa
    AU  - Japhet Simeo
    AU  - Thomas Rutachunzibwa
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    JF  - Advances in Applied Sciences
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    SN  - 2575-1514
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.15
    AB  - Despite the efforts done by the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and other private entities to provide hygienic education and support the construction and improvement of hygienic infrastructures in many government schools, the issue of hygiene in majority of the primary schools is still questionable. Feces and urine are not properly disposed of into the pits in most of the primary schools. During the study, it was observed that despite the presence of hand washing facilities in most schools, a number of pupils were found not washing their hands when they came out from the latrines. Rarely, a few pupils were observed washing their hands with clean water and soap after using the toilets. Thus this study aimed to investigate the general knowledge and perception of the pupils on general hygiene as well as to assess the factors that can be associated with the hygienic practices. A cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 792 primary school pupils in Mwanza city. To avoid excuses, the study deployed only public schools which had access to water and had the hand washing facilities installed. The study found out that majority, 773 [97.6%] out of 792 pupils reported to be aware on general hygiene, 630 pupils [79.6%] had a positive perception and only 424 [53.5%] reported to wash their hands with soap and water after they use the latrine. Generally, majority of the pupils participated in this study reported to be aware on general hygiene. Majority of the participants also had a positive perception on hygienic practices. Hygienic practices were associated with location of schools in municipalities and perception of individuals. The study recommends that the stakeholders should continue with the provision of hygienic education and especially on the impact of the poor hygienic behavior.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Geita Regional Health Management Team, Geita, Tanzania

  • Geita Regional Health Management Team, Geita, Tanzania

  • Mwanza Regional Health Management Team, Mwanza, Tanzania

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