Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) in Northwest Ethiopia

Habtamu Assega; Tilahun Tadesse

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16

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Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia

Habtamu Assega, Tilahun Tadesse

Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 11, Issue 5)

Received: 11 June 2022 Accepted: 19 September 2022 Published: 11 October 2022

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Abstract

Nitrogen nutrient losses through ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface runoff, and leaching are causing low nutrient use efficiency in agricultural systems. Split application of N and use of slow N nutrient releasing fertilizers are among the known methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A field experiment was conducted in Fogera plain to study the productivity response of upland rice to different sources of N fertilizer, rates, and time of application on a total of five farmers’ fields during the main cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of two sources of N fertilizer (conventional urea and slow-release urea), three N rates (69, 103.5, and 138 kg ha^-1), and three times of application (T1=1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at panicle initiation (PI), T2 = 1/3 15 days after sowing (DAS), 1/3 at PI and 1/3 at heading, T3 = 1/3 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phosphorous at rate of 46 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 was commonly applied at planting for all treatments. The commonly grown NERIC-4 variety was used as a test crop. The results of the experiment showed that the rates and time of N applications were significantly affecting most of the parameters. However, the different N source fertilizers as well as all interactions of the treatments did not bring statistically significant difference in all the growth and yield parameters. Regarding the rates, the highest plant height (77.35 cm), fertile tillers number (70.37 m^-1 row), grain yield (5.3 t ha^-1) and straw yield (10.0 t ha^-1 were obtained when 138 N kg ha^-1 was applied. Concerning the N application timing, the highest plant height (77.5 cm), grain yield (4.9 t ha^-1), straw yield (9.6 t ha^-1) and thousand seeds weight (28.9 g) and the lowest number of infertile tillers (1.83 m^-1 row) were observed when 1/3 of N was applied 15 DAS and the remaining 2/3 at PI. Therefore, 138 kg ha^-1, of commercially available urea with an application time of 1/3; 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI can be used to produce NERICA-4 upland rice in Fogera plain and similar Agro-ecologies in Ethiopia.

Published in	Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 11, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16
Page(s)	186-190
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nitrogen, N Sources, Upland Rice

References

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[3]	Carvalho, M. D. C. S., Nascente, A. S., & Teixeira, P. C. (2016). Fertilizers with coated urea in upland rice production and nitrogen apparent recovery. Bioscience Journal, 32 (5).
[4]	Chaturvedi, I. (2005). Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on growth, yield, and quality of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa). Journal of Central European Agriculture, 6 (4), 611-618.
[5]	Chen, J., Cao, F., Xiong, H., Huang, M., Zou, Y., & Xiong, Y. (2017). Effects of single basal application of coated compound fertilizer on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in double-cropped rice. The Crop Journal, 5 (3), 265-270.
[6]	Colaço, A. F., & Bramley, R. G. (2018). Do crop sensors promote improved nitrogen management in grain crops? Field Crops Research, 218, 126-140.
[7]	CSA (Central Statistical Agency). 2018. Report on Area and Production of Major Crops (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season) The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency Agricultural Sample Survey Volume I, 2018 /19 (2011 E.C.). April 2019. ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia.
[8]	Das, S., Islam, M. R., Sultana, M., Afroz, H., & Hashem, M. A. (2015). Effect of deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers on rice yield and N use efficiency under water regimes. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 13 (2), 161-172.
[9]	Emran, S. A., Krupnik, T. J., Kumar, V., Ali, M. Y., & Pittelkow, C. M. (2019). Agronomic, economic, and environmental performance of nitrogen rates and source in Bangladesh’s coastal rice agroecosystems. Field crops research, 241, 107567.
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[13]	Garibaldi, L. A., Gemmill-Herren, B., D’Annolfo, R., Graeub, B. E., Cunningham, S. A., & Breeze, T. D. (2017). Farming approaches for greater biodiversity, livelihoods, and food security. Trends in ecology & evolution, 32 (1), 68-80.
[14]	Gebey, T., Berhe, K., Hoekstra, D., & Alemu, B. (2012). Rice value chain development in Fogera woreda based on the IPMS experience.
[15]	Huang, S., Zhao, C., Zhang, Y., & Wang, C. (2018). Nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Nitrogen in agriculture-updates.
[16]	Landon, J. R. (1991). Booker tropical soil manual handbook for soil survey and agricultural land evaluation in the tropics and subtropics (No. 631.4713 B6).
[17]	Mi, W., Gao, Q., Xia, S., Zhao, H., Wu, L., Mao, W., & Liu, Y. (2019). Medium-term effects of different types of N fertilizer on yield, apparent N recovery, and soil chemical properties of a double rice cropping system. Field Crops Research, 234, 87-94.
[18]	Mulugeta, S., & Heluf, G. K. (2014). Inherent properties and fertilizer effects of flooded rice soil. Journal of Agronomy, 13 (2), 72-78.
[19]	Murphy, H. F. (1968). A report on the fertility status and other data on some soils of Ethiopia.
[20]	Norman, R. J., Wilson, C. E., Slaton, N. A., Griggs, B. R., Bushong, J. T., & Gbur, E. E. (2009). Nitrogen fertilizer sources and timing before flooding dry-seeded, delayed-flood rice. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 73 (6), 2184-2190.

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Habtamu Assega, Tilahun Tadesse. (2022). Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 11(5), 186-190. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16

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ACS Style

Habtamu Assega; Tilahun Tadesse. Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia. Agric. For. Fish. 2022, 11(5), 186-190. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16

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AMA Style

Habtamu Assega, Tilahun Tadesse. Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia. Agric For Fish. 2022;11(5):186-190. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16,
  author = {Habtamu Assega and Tilahun Tadesse},
  title = {Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {186-190},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20221105.16},
  abstract = {Nitrogen nutrient losses through ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface runoff, and leaching are causing low nutrient use efficiency in agricultural systems. Split application of N and use of slow N nutrient releasing fertilizers are among the known methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A field experiment was conducted in Fogera plain to study the productivity response of upland rice to different sources of N fertilizer, rates, and time of application on a total of five farmers’ fields during the main cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of two sources of N fertilizer (conventional urea and slow-release urea), three N rates (69, 103.5, and 138 kg ha-1), and three times of application (T1=1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at panicle initiation (PI), T2 = 1/3 15 days after sowing (DAS), 1/3 at PI and 1/3 at heading, T3 = 1/3 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phosphorous at rate of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 was commonly applied at planting for all treatments. The commonly grown NERIC-4 variety was used as a test crop. The results of the experiment showed that the rates and time of N applications were significantly affecting most of the parameters. However, the different N source fertilizers as well as all interactions of the treatments did not bring statistically significant difference in all the growth and yield parameters. Regarding the rates, the highest plant height (77.35 cm), fertile tillers number (70.37 m-1 row), grain yield (5.3 t ha-1) and straw yield (10.0 t ha-1 were obtained when 138 N kg ha-1 was applied. Concerning the N application timing, the highest plant height (77.5 cm), grain yield (4.9 t ha-1), straw yield (9.6 t ha-1) and thousand seeds weight (28.9 g) and the lowest number of infertile tillers (1.83 m-1 row) were observed when 1/3 of N was applied 15 DAS and the remaining 2/3 at PI. Therefore, 138 kg ha-1, of commercially available urea with an application time of 1/3; 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI can be used to produce NERICA-4 upland rice in Fogera plain and similar Agro-ecologies in Ethiopia.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia
AU  - Habtamu Assega
AU  - Tilahun Tadesse
Y1  - 2022/10/11
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 186
EP  - 190
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16
AB  - Nitrogen nutrient losses through ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface runoff, and leaching are causing low nutrient use efficiency in agricultural systems. Split application of N and use of slow N nutrient releasing fertilizers are among the known methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A field experiment was conducted in Fogera plain to study the productivity response of upland rice to different sources of N fertilizer, rates, and time of application on a total of five farmers’ fields during the main cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of two sources of N fertilizer (conventional urea and slow-release urea), three N rates (69, 103.5, and 138 kg ha-1), and three times of application (T1=1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at panicle initiation (PI), T2 = 1/3 15 days after sowing (DAS), 1/3 at PI and 1/3 at heading, T3 = 1/3 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phosphorous at rate of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 was commonly applied at planting for all treatments. The commonly grown NERIC-4 variety was used as a test crop. The results of the experiment showed that the rates and time of N applications were significantly affecting most of the parameters. However, the different N source fertilizers as well as all interactions of the treatments did not bring statistically significant difference in all the growth and yield parameters. Regarding the rates, the highest plant height (77.35 cm), fertile tillers number (70.37 m-1 row), grain yield (5.3 t ha-1) and straw yield (10.0 t ha-1 were obtained when 138 N kg ha-1 was applied. Concerning the N application timing, the highest plant height (77.5 cm), grain yield (4.9 t ha-1), straw yield (9.6 t ha-1) and thousand seeds weight (28.9 g) and the lowest number of infertile tillers (1.83 m-1 row) were observed when 1/3 of N was applied 15 DAS and the remaining 2/3 at PI. Therefore, 138 kg ha-1, of commercially available urea with an application time of 1/3; 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI can be used to produce NERICA-4 upland rice in Fogera plain and similar Agro-ecologies in Ethiopia.
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Habtamu Assega

Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center, Woreta, Ethiopia
Tilahun Tadesse

Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center, Woreta, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Habtamu Assega, Tilahun Tadesse. (2022). Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 11(5), 186-190. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16

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ACS Style

Habtamu Assega; Tilahun Tadesse. Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia. Agric. For. Fish. 2022, 11(5), 186-190. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16

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AMA Style

Habtamu Assega, Tilahun Tadesse. Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia. Agric For Fish. 2022;11(5):186-190. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16,
  author = {Habtamu Assega and Tilahun Tadesse},
  title = {Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {186-190},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20221105.16},
  abstract = {Nitrogen nutrient losses through ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface runoff, and leaching are causing low nutrient use efficiency in agricultural systems. Split application of N and use of slow N nutrient releasing fertilizers are among the known methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A field experiment was conducted in Fogera plain to study the productivity response of upland rice to different sources of N fertilizer, rates, and time of application on a total of five farmers’ fields during the main cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of two sources of N fertilizer (conventional urea and slow-release urea), three N rates (69, 103.5, and 138 kg ha-1), and three times of application (T1=1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at panicle initiation (PI), T2 = 1/3 15 days after sowing (DAS), 1/3 at PI and 1/3 at heading, T3 = 1/3 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phosphorous at rate of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 was commonly applied at planting for all treatments. The commonly grown NERIC-4 variety was used as a test crop. The results of the experiment showed that the rates and time of N applications were significantly affecting most of the parameters. However, the different N source fertilizers as well as all interactions of the treatments did not bring statistically significant difference in all the growth and yield parameters. Regarding the rates, the highest plant height (77.35 cm), fertile tillers number (70.37 m-1 row), grain yield (5.3 t ha-1) and straw yield (10.0 t ha-1 were obtained when 138 N kg ha-1 was applied. Concerning the N application timing, the highest plant height (77.5 cm), grain yield (4.9 t ha-1), straw yield (9.6 t ha-1) and thousand seeds weight (28.9 g) and the lowest number of infertile tillers (1.83 m-1 row) were observed when 1/3 of N was applied 15 DAS and the remaining 2/3 at PI. Therefore, 138 kg ha-1, of commercially available urea with an application time of 1/3; 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI can be used to produce NERICA-4 upland rice in Fogera plain and similar Agro-ecologies in Ethiopia.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Sources, Rate and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northwest Ethiopia
AU  - Habtamu Assega
AU  - Tilahun Tadesse
Y1  - 2022/10/11
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 186
EP  - 190
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221105.16
AB  - Nitrogen nutrient losses through ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface runoff, and leaching are causing low nutrient use efficiency in agricultural systems. Split application of N and use of slow N nutrient releasing fertilizers are among the known methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A field experiment was conducted in Fogera plain to study the productivity response of upland rice to different sources of N fertilizer, rates, and time of application on a total of five farmers’ fields during the main cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of two sources of N fertilizer (conventional urea and slow-release urea), three N rates (69, 103.5, and 138 kg ha-1), and three times of application (T1=1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at panicle initiation (PI), T2 = 1/3 15 days after sowing (DAS), 1/3 at PI and 1/3 at heading, T3 = 1/3 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phosphorous at rate of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 was commonly applied at planting for all treatments. The commonly grown NERIC-4 variety was used as a test crop. The results of the experiment showed that the rates and time of N applications were significantly affecting most of the parameters. However, the different N source fertilizers as well as all interactions of the treatments did not bring statistically significant difference in all the growth and yield parameters. Regarding the rates, the highest plant height (77.35 cm), fertile tillers number (70.37 m-1 row), grain yield (5.3 t ha-1) and straw yield (10.0 t ha-1 were obtained when 138 N kg ha-1 was applied. Concerning the N application timing, the highest plant height (77.5 cm), grain yield (4.9 t ha-1), straw yield (9.6 t ha-1) and thousand seeds weight (28.9 g) and the lowest number of infertile tillers (1.83 m-1 row) were observed when 1/3 of N was applied 15 DAS and the remaining 2/3 at PI. Therefore, 138 kg ha-1, of commercially available urea with an application time of 1/3; 15 DAS and 2/3 at PI can be used to produce NERICA-4 upland rice in Fogera plain and similar Agro-ecologies in Ethiopia.
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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