Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Organizational Knowledge and Knowledge Management - A New Framework

Received: 26 March 2024     Accepted: 12 April 2024     Published: 29 April 2024
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The transition of firms from the Resource-based view (RBV) to the Knowledge-based view (KBV) where knowledge is viewed as the principal resource for value creation and sustainable competitive advantage created a renewed interest among researchers to understand knowledge per se, and the concept of organizational knowledge. This interest has further been fueled by the advent of the concept of Knowledge Management (KM). With some discussions on knowledge, this paper presents a new framework for organizational knowledge and the knowledge flow within the firm. The author has pointed out that most of the research on KM has been with the firm as a business organization (where the focus is on short-term return on investment) and that is the reason many KM initiatives often stop at IT-based initiatives or fail, and fuel the fear that KM is simply just another fad. Many KM models and frameworks present KM best practices without addressing the contextual differences between organizations. In this paper, the author has presented a knowledge perspective of four different types of organizations based on their knowledge manipulation activities and suggests that KM programs need to be custom designed to cater to the different needs of the different types of organizations. The author has also suggested a new KM framework based on the dynamics of knowledge that organizations are facing today. The author developed the two frameworks during the implementation of KM initiatives at the Defence Research & Development Laboratory, Hyderabad, a premier research institution under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India, during the years 1999 to 2003.

Published in American Journal of Management Science and Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11
Page(s) 1-12
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Knowledge, Organisational Knowledge, Social knowledge, Knowledge Management Strategies, Knowledge Dynamics

References
[1] Penrose, E. (1980). The Theory of the Growth of the firm. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Publisher2nd Ed.
[2] Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A Resource-based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 5, pp. 171-180.
[3] Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 99-120.
[4] Grant, R. M. (1991). A resource-based perspective of competitive advantage. California Management Review, Vol. 33, pp. 114-135.
[5] Peteraf, M. (1993) The cornerstones of competitive advantage: a resource-based view, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp. 363–380.
[6] Grant, R. M. (1996a). Toward knowledge based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 109-122.
[7] De Carolis, D. (2002). The strategic management of intellectual capital and organizational knowledge. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 699-709, ISBN 0-19-513866-X.
[8] Carla Curado, (2006). The knowledge based-view of the firm: From theoretical origins to future implications. Down loaded from
[9] Grant, R. M. (1996). Prospering in Dynamically competitive Environments: Organizational capability as knowledge integration, Organizational Science, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 375-387.
[10] Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2003) Knowledge-Based Resources, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and the Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, pp. 1307-1314.
[11] DeNisi, A., Hitt, M. and Jackson, S. (2003). The Knowledge-Based Approach to Sustainable Competitive Advantage. In Jackson, Hitt and DeNisi (Eds.) Managing Knowledge for Sustained Competitive advantage, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 3-33.
[12] Davenport, T. and Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, ISBN; 0875846556.
[13] Girard and Girard, (2015). Defining knowledge management: Toward an applied compendium, Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 1-20.
[14] Kostas. M, Kostas. E. and John. P, (2005), Exploring the world of knowledge management: agreements and disagreements in the academic/practitioner community, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol .9, No. 2, pp. 6-18.
[15] Sen, Atul. (2021). Revisiting the Concept of Knowledge. ASCI Journal of Management, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 70–85.
[16] Sen, Atul. (2003). K(OIM) - A New Model of Creativity Based on the Concept of Knowledge Clusters. American Journal of Management Science and Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 63-72. (ISSN Print: 2575-193X; ISSN Online: 2575-1379)
[17] Choo and Bontis (2002), Eds.: The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 699-709.
[18] Sunassee, N. and David, A. Sewry. (2002). Theoretical Framework for Knowledge Management Implementation, Proceedings of SAICSIT, Pages 235 – 245.
[19] Nonaka, I. and Toyama, R. (2007). Strategic management as distributed practical wisdom (phronesis), Industrial and Corporate Change, Volume 16, Issue 3, pp. 371–394,
[20] Schiuma, G. (2009). The managerial foundations of knowledge assets dynamics, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 290-299.
[21] Cruywagen, M., Swart, J. and Gevers, W. (2008). One Size Does Not Fit All – Towards a Typology of Knowledge-Centric Organizations. The Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management Volume 6 Issue 2, pp. 101 – 110.
[22] Alavi, M. and D. Leidner, (2001). Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues. MIS Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 107-136.
[23] Stein, E. W. and V. Zwass, (1995). Actualizing Organizational Memory with Information Systems. Information Systems Research, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 85-117.
[24] Wijnhoven, F, (2000). Managing Dynamic Organizational Memories: Instruments for Knowledge Management. Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA, and Twente University Press, Enschede.
[25] Brown, J. S. and P. Duguid (2000). The Social Life of Information. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
[26] Carlsson, S. A., O. A. El Sawy, I. Eriksson and A. Raven (1996). Gaining competitive advantage through shared knowledge creation: in search of a new design theory for strategic information systems. Proceedings of 4th European Conference on Information Systems, Lisbon, pp. 1067-1075.
[27] Meso, P. and R. Smith. (2000). A Resource-Based View of Organizational Knowledge Management Systems. Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 224-234.
[28] Heisig, P., 2009, Harmonization of knowledge management – comparing 160 KM frameworks around the globe, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 13–41.
[29] Lai, H. & Graham, M., 2009, Knowledge Seeking in KM – Towards an Adapted KM Cycle, The 10th European Conference on Knowledge Management, Proceedings of ECKM 2009, Vicenza, Italy, 03–04 September.
[30] Bolisani, E. and Bratianu, C. (2018). The elusive definition of knowledge. Emergent knowledge strategies: Strategic thinking in knowledge management, pp. 1-22. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
[31] Polanyi, M. (1975). Personal Knowledge. In Polanyi, M. and Prosch, H. (Eds.), Meaning, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 22-45.
[32] Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 0-19-509269-4.
[33] Spender, J. C. (1996), Organizational Knowledge, learning and memory: three concepts in search of theory. Journal of Organizational change management, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 63-78.
[34] Spender, J. C. (1996). Making knowledge, the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 45-62.
[35] Li, M. & Gao, F. (2003), Why Nonaka highlights tacit knowledge: a critical review, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 7 No. 4, pp. 6-14.
[36] Jonassen, D. H, Beissner, K., & Yacci, M, (1993). Structural knowledge: Techniques for representing, conveying, and acquiring structural knowledge. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[37] Davis, M. A., Curtis, M. B., & Tschetter, J. D. (2003). Evaluating cognitive training outcomes: Validity and utility of structural knowledge assessment. Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 191–206.
[38] Rata, E. (2012). The politics of knowledge in education. British Educational Research Journal, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 103-124.
[39] Polanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. Doubleday & Co, Garden City, NY.
[40] Sen Atul, Prahlada and KV Prabha, (2003) Knowledge Management at DRDL – A Case Study, Paper presented at R&D Management Conference, CSIR, New Delhi, pp. 6-10.
[41] Audrey, S. Bollinger, Robert D. Smith, (2001) Managing organizational knowledge as a strategic asset, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5 Issue: 1, pp. 8-18,
[42] Kianto, A. (2007). What Do We Really Mean by the Dynamic Dimension of Intellectual Capital? International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 342-356.
[43] Nonaka, I. (1994). A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation, Organization Science, Vol. 5, No. 1. pp. 14-37.
[44] Kogut and Zander, (1992) Knowledge of the firm; combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology, Organisation Science, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 383-397.
[45] Teece, D. J. (1998) Capturing Knowledge Asset. The New Economy Market for Know-How and Intangible Assets. California Management Review, Vol. 40, pp. 55-79.
[46] Teece, D. J. (2000), Strategies for managing knowledge assets: the role of firm structure and industrial context, Long Range Planning, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 35-54.
[47] Bratianu, C, (2021). Knowledge dynamics: A semantic approach. Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Knowledge Management (ECKM). A virtual conference hosted by Coventry University, UK, pp. 96-103.
[48] Peter Senge, (2001). The leader’s New Work: Building Learning Organization. Published in the book on Knowledge Management-Classical and contemporary Works. (2001), Ed. By Daryl Morey, Mark Maybury and Bhavani Thuraisngham. University Press (India) Limited. ISBN 81 7371 3901.
[49] Holasapple, C. W and Joshi, K. D. (2001), Organizational knowledge resources, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 31, pp. 39-54.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Sen, A. (2024). Organizational Knowledge and Knowledge Management - A New Framework. American Journal of Management Science and Engineering, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Sen, A. Organizational Knowledge and Knowledge Management - A New Framework. Am. J. Manag. Sci. Eng. 2024, 9(1), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Sen A. Organizational Knowledge and Knowledge Management - A New Framework. Am J Manag Sci Eng. 2024;9(1):1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11,
      author = {Atul Sen},
      title = {Organizational Knowledge and Knowledge Management - A New Framework
    },
      journal = {American Journal of Management Science and Engineering},
      volume = {9},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-12},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmse.20240901.11},
      abstract = {The transition of firms from the Resource-based view (RBV) to the Knowledge-based view (KBV) where knowledge is viewed as the principal resource for value creation and sustainable competitive advantage created a renewed interest among researchers to understand knowledge per se, and the concept of organizational knowledge. This interest has further been fueled by the advent of the concept of Knowledge Management (KM). With some discussions on knowledge, this paper presents a new framework for organizational knowledge and the knowledge flow within the firm. The author has pointed out that most of the research on KM has been with the firm as a business organization (where the focus is on short-term return on investment) and that is the reason many KM initiatives often stop at IT-based initiatives or fail, and fuel the fear that KM is simply just another fad. Many KM models and frameworks present KM best practices without addressing the contextual differences between organizations. In this paper, the author has presented a knowledge perspective of four different types of organizations based on their knowledge manipulation activities and suggests that KM programs need to be custom designed to cater to the different needs of the different types of organizations. The author has also suggested a new KM framework based on the dynamics of knowledge that organizations are facing today. The author developed the two frameworks during the implementation of KM initiatives at the Defence Research & Development Laboratory, Hyderabad, a premier research institution under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India, during the years 1999 to 2003.
    },
     year = {2024}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Organizational Knowledge and Knowledge Management - A New Framework
    
    AU  - Atul Sen
    Y1  - 2024/04/29
    PY  - 2024
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11
    T2  - American Journal of Management Science and Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Management Science and Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Management Science and Engineering
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 12
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1379
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmse.20240901.11
    AB  - The transition of firms from the Resource-based view (RBV) to the Knowledge-based view (KBV) where knowledge is viewed as the principal resource for value creation and sustainable competitive advantage created a renewed interest among researchers to understand knowledge per se, and the concept of organizational knowledge. This interest has further been fueled by the advent of the concept of Knowledge Management (KM). With some discussions on knowledge, this paper presents a new framework for organizational knowledge and the knowledge flow within the firm. The author has pointed out that most of the research on KM has been with the firm as a business organization (where the focus is on short-term return on investment) and that is the reason many KM initiatives often stop at IT-based initiatives or fail, and fuel the fear that KM is simply just another fad. Many KM models and frameworks present KM best practices without addressing the contextual differences between organizations. In this paper, the author has presented a knowledge perspective of four different types of organizations based on their knowledge manipulation activities and suggests that KM programs need to be custom designed to cater to the different needs of the different types of organizations. The author has also suggested a new KM framework based on the dynamics of knowledge that organizations are facing today. The author developed the two frameworks during the implementation of KM initiatives at the Defence Research & Development Laboratory, Hyderabad, a premier research institution under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India, during the years 1999 to 2003.
    
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Sections