Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia

Baboucarr Cham; Eugene E. Okpere; Chike F. Okolocha; Adama K. M. Demba

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13

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Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia

Baboucarr Cham, Eugene E. Okpere, Chike F. Okolocha, Adama K. M. Demba

Published in American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 29 March 2021 Accepted: 19 April 2021 Published: 14 May 2021

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Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the leading female cancers with slow progression but still remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Each year about 528, 000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed worldwide, with a mortality of about 266 000 and 85% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the successes and challenges of establishing a cervical screening and treatment programme using visual inspection with acetic-acid and cryotherapy in The Gambia. Material and Methods: A qualitative (phenomenological) study designs was used and a total of 6 midwives conducting cervical cancer screening were purposively selected and interviewed on the successes and challenges of establishing cervical cancer screening services in The Gambia. A key informant interview was conducted with the use of an interview guide. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. This study is part of my PhD thesis which is a mixed study method. Results: Midwives interviewed stated that cervical cancer is the leading gynaecological cancer among women in The Gambia and it is on the increase. According to midwives the main successes of the programme is that many women have been screened for cervical cancer and those found positive were offered treatment. Some of the challenges mentioned include shortage of supplies like cotton wool, orange stick, vinegar, and nitrogen gas for cryotherapy as well as inadequate supervision from relevant authorities. Conclusion: The use of VIA and cryotherapy is a viable screening and treatment programme in The Gambia if given the necessary support.

Published in	American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13
Page(s)	39-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cervical Cancer, Challenges, Successes, Visual-inspection and Gambia

References

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[6]	Bah E, Carrieri MP, Hainaut P, Bah Y, Nyan O, et al. 20-Years of Population-Based Cancer Registration in Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer Prevention in The Gambia, West Africa, (2013) PLoS ONE 8 (9): e75775. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075775.
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[13]	WHO/ICO, Information Centre on HPV and Cervical Cancer (HPV Information Centre) Human Papillomavir us and Related Cancers in World, Summary Report 2010 [Date accessed] 3/02/16. Available at www.who.int/hpvcentre.
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APA Style

Baboucarr Cham, Eugene E. Okpere, Chike F. Okolocha, Adama K. M. Demba. (2021). Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia. American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2(2), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13

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ACS Style

Baboucarr Cham; Eugene E. Okpere; Chike F. Okolocha; Adama K. M. Demba. Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia. Am. J. Nurs. Health Sci. 2021, 2(2), 39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13

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AMA Style

Baboucarr Cham, Eugene E. Okpere, Chike F. Okolocha, Adama K. M. Demba. Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia. Am J Nurs Health Sci. 2021;2(2):39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13,
  author = {Baboucarr Cham and Eugene E. Okpere and Chike F. Okolocha and Adama K. M. Demba},
  title = {Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia},
  journal = {American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajnhs.20210202.13},
  abstract = {Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the leading female cancers with slow progression but still remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Each year about 528, 000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed worldwide, with a mortality of about 266 000 and 85% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the successes and challenges of establishing a cervical screening and treatment programme using visual inspection with acetic-acid and cryotherapy in The Gambia. Material and Methods: A qualitative (phenomenological) study designs was used and a total of 6 midwives conducting cervical cancer screening were purposively selected and interviewed on the successes and challenges of establishing cervical cancer screening services in The Gambia. A key informant interview was conducted with the use of an interview guide. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. This study is part of my PhD thesis which is a mixed study method. Results: Midwives interviewed stated that cervical cancer is the leading gynaecological cancer among women in The Gambia and it is on the increase. According to midwives the main successes of the programme is that many women have been screened for cervical cancer and those found positive were offered treatment. Some of the challenges mentioned include shortage of supplies like cotton wool, orange stick, vinegar, and nitrogen gas for cryotherapy as well as inadequate supervision from relevant authorities. Conclusion: The use of VIA and cryotherapy is a viable screening and treatment programme in The Gambia if given the necessary support.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia
AU - Baboucarr Cham
AU - Eugene E. Okpere
AU - Chike F. Okolocha
AU - Adama K. M. Demba
Y1 - 2021/05/14
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13
T2 - American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
JF - American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
JO - American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
SP - 39
EP - 45
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2994-7227
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13
AB - Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the leading female cancers with slow progression but still remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Each year about 528, 000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed worldwide, with a mortality of about 266 000 and 85% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the successes and challenges of establishing a cervical screening and treatment programme using visual inspection with acetic-acid and cryotherapy in The Gambia. Material and Methods: A qualitative (phenomenological) study designs was used and a total of 6 midwives conducting cervical cancer screening were purposively selected and interviewed on the successes and challenges of establishing cervical cancer screening services in The Gambia. A key informant interview was conducted with the use of an interview guide. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. This study is part of my PhD thesis which is a mixed study method. Results: Midwives interviewed stated that cervical cancer is the leading gynaecological cancer among women in The Gambia and it is on the increase. According to midwives the main successes of the programme is that many women have been screened for cervical cancer and those found positive were offered treatment. Some of the challenges mentioned include shortage of supplies like cotton wool, orange stick, vinegar, and nitrogen gas for cryotherapy as well as inadequate supervision from relevant authorities. Conclusion: The use of VIA and cryotherapy is a viable screening and treatment programme in The Gambia if given the necessary support.
VL - 2
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Baboucarr Cham

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
Eugene E. Okpere

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
Chike F. Okolocha

Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Benin Edo State, Nigeria
Adama K. M. Demba

Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, The Gambia

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APA Style

Baboucarr Cham, Eugene E. Okpere, Chike F. Okolocha, Adama K. M. Demba. (2021). Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia. American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2(2), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13

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ACS Style

Baboucarr Cham; Eugene E. Okpere; Chike F. Okolocha; Adama K. M. Demba. Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia. Am. J. Nurs. Health Sci. 2021, 2(2), 39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13

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AMA Style

Baboucarr Cham, Eugene E. Okpere, Chike F. Okolocha, Adama K. M. Demba. Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia. Am J Nurs Health Sci. 2021;2(2):39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13,
  author = {Baboucarr Cham and Eugene E. Okpere and Chike F. Okolocha and Adama K. M. Demba},
  title = {Successes and Challenges of Establishing Visual Inspection with Acetic-acid and Cryotherapy Programme for Cervical Cancer Screening in the Gambia},
  journal = {American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20210202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajnhs.20210202.13},
  abstract = {Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the leading female cancers with slow progression but still remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Each year about 528, 000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed worldwide, with a mortality of about 266 000 and 85% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the successes and challenges of establishing a cervical screening and treatment programme using visual inspection with acetic-acid and cryotherapy in The Gambia. Material and Methods: A qualitative (phenomenological) study designs was used and a total of 6 midwives conducting cervical cancer screening were purposively selected and interviewed on the successes and challenges of establishing cervical cancer screening services in The Gambia. A key informant interview was conducted with the use of an interview guide. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. This study is part of my PhD thesis which is a mixed study method. Results: Midwives interviewed stated that cervical cancer is the leading gynaecological cancer among women in The Gambia and it is on the increase. According to midwives the main successes of the programme is that many women have been screened for cervical cancer and those found positive were offered treatment. Some of the challenges mentioned include shortage of supplies like cotton wool, orange stick, vinegar, and nitrogen gas for cryotherapy as well as inadequate supervision from relevant authorities. Conclusion: The use of VIA and cryotherapy is a viable screening and treatment programme in The Gambia if given the necessary support.},
 year = {2021}
}

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