Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Tilahun Addisu Duressa; Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha; Dawit Assefa; Eveline Klinkenberg

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Tilahun Addisu Duressa, Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha, Dawit Assefa, Eveline Klinkenberg

Published in American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 14 January 2022 Accepted: 8 February 2022 Published: 25 February 2022

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Abstract

Background: Prison systems worldwide are known as hotspots for the concentration and dissemination of tuberculosis (TB). The prevalence of TB in prisons can to be 10 to 100-fold higher than in the general population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among inmates and staffs from August to October 2018. About 214 presumptive TB cases had undergone the interviewee and GeneXpert test was used for the diagnosis of TB. The factors associated with TB were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Result: Of the 214 study participants, 2PTB patients were already diagnosed and on treatment before the study, 212were tested using GeneXpert resulting in 5 (2.3%) new MTB cases. Together with the 2PTB patients, the overall prevalence of PTB was 279 per 100,000 inmates, which is about 1.7 higher than in the general Ethiopia population. Pulmonary tuberculosis was statically significantly associated with imprisonment with known TB patient in same room (AOR=36, 95%CI=(4.1, 321)), and with cough for 3 months or more (AOR=230, 95%CI=(68.4, 2220). Those who had stayed for more than 3 months of imprisonment with a known TB patient were 20 times more likely to have PTB as compared to less months (AOR=20.1, 95%CI=(2.01, 201). Conclusion: The study confirmed the high TB burden in prisons and suggests there is ongoing transmission. Imprisonment history and morbidity factors were identified to be the underlying causes of the high TB transmission and active TB infection. Therefore, implementation of effective TB control and prevention measures could help reduce TB in prison.

Published in	American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12
Page(s)	1-8
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ethiopia, Factors, Presumptive, Prevalence, Prisoners, Tuberculosis

References

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[2]	Winetsky DE, Almukhamedov O, Pulatov D, Vezhnina N, Dooronbekova A, et al. 2014. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Social Context of Active Pulmonary. Tuberculosis among Prison Inmates in Tajikistan. PLoS ONE 9 (1): journal.pone.0086046.
[3]	Stern V. Problems in prisons worldwide, with a particular focus on Russia. Ann N Y AcadSci 2001; 953: 113–119.
[4]	Walmsley R. World prison population list. I. London, UK: International Centre for Prison Studies, King’s College, 2007.
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[6]	FMOH. Standard Operating Procedures for the implementation of TB prevention and control activities in prisons and detention Centers in Ethiopia, February 2017, Addis Ababa.
[7]	S. Ali, A. Haileamlak, A. Wieser et al., ‘’Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Prison Inmates in Ethiopia, a Cross-Sectional Study’’, PLOS ONE DOI: 10.1371/ journal. Pone.0144040 December 7, 2015Literature Review on TB Control in Prisons 11/18/2008.
[8]	Benishangul Gumuz Regional Health Bureau annual report, Assosa Ethiopia. July 2017.
[9]	Winsa BB, Mohammed AE. Investigation on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Bedele Woreda Prisoners, Southwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering. 2015; 3 (6): 69-73.
[10]	World Health Organization: Global tuberculosis report 2018. Geneva: 2018.
[11]	Solomon A, Abraham H, Andreas W et al. Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Prison Inmates in Ethiopia, a Cross-Sectional Study’’ PLOS ONE DOI: 10.1371/ journal. Pone.0144040 December 7, 2015.
[12]	Moges B, Amare B, Asfaw F, Tesfaye W, Tiruneh M, Belayhun Y, et al. Prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among prisoners in North Gondar Zone Prison, northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infectious Diseases 2012; 12: 352 doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-352 PMID: 23241368.
[13]	Zerdo Z, Medhin G, Worku A, Ameni G. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors in prisons of Gamo Goffa Zone, south Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. American Journal of Health Research 2014; 2: 291–297.
[14]	Terefe G. Fuge and Samuel Y. Ayanto. Prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors among prisoners in Hadiya Zone prison, Southern Ethiopia. BMC. 2016; 9: 201.
[15]	FMOH. National comprehensive Tuberculosis, leprosy and TB/HIV training manual for health care workers, March 2016.
[16]	Aert A, Hauer B, Wanlin M, Veen J. Tuberculosis and tuberculosis control in European prisons. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006; 10 (11): 1215-23.
[17]	Banu S, Hossain A, Uddin MKM, Uddin MR, Ahmed T, Khatun R, et al. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance in Dhaka Central Jail, the Largest Prison in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 2010; 5 (5): e10759. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010759 PMID: 20505826.
[18]	Bayu Begashaw, Abera Beyamo Mekiso, Tegene Legesse. Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Associated Factors among Prisoners in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional Study. American Journal of Public Health Research. 2016; 4 (4): 142-48.

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APA Style

Tilahun Addisu Duressa, Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha, Dawit Assefa, Eveline Klinkenberg. (2022). Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 3(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12

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ACS Style

Tilahun Addisu Duressa; Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha; Dawit Assefa; Eveline Klinkenberg. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. Am. J. Nurs. Health Sci. 2022, 3(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12

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AMA Style

Tilahun Addisu Duressa, Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha, Dawit Assefa, Eveline Klinkenberg. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. Am J Nurs Health Sci. 2022;3(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12,
  author = {Tilahun Addisu Duressa and Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha and Dawit Assefa and Eveline Klinkenberg},
  title = {Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajnhs.20220301.12},
  abstract = {Background: Prison systems worldwide are known as hotspots for the concentration and dissemination of tuberculosis (TB). The prevalence of TB in prisons can to be 10 to 100-fold higher than in the general population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among inmates and staffs from August to October 2018. About 214 presumptive TB cases had undergone the interviewee and GeneXpert test was used for the diagnosis of TB. The factors associated with TB were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Result: Of the 214 study participants, 2PTB patients were already diagnosed and on treatment before the study, 212were tested using GeneXpert resulting in 5 (2.3%) new MTB cases. Together with the 2PTB patients, the overall prevalence of PTB was 279 per 100,000 inmates, which is about 1.7 higher than in the general Ethiopia population. Pulmonary tuberculosis was statically significantly associated with imprisonment with known TB patient in same room (AOR=36, 95%CI=(4.1, 321)), and with cough for 3 months or more (AOR=230, 95%CI=(68.4, 2220). Those who had stayed for more than 3 months of imprisonment with a known TB patient were 20 times more likely to have PTB as compared to less months (AOR=20.1, 95%CI=(2.01, 201). Conclusion: The study confirmed the high TB burden in prisons and suggests there is ongoing transmission. Imprisonment history and morbidity factors were identified to be the underlying causes of the high TB transmission and active TB infection. Therefore, implementation of effective TB control and prevention measures could help reduce TB in prison.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
AU - Tilahun Addisu Duressa
AU - Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha
AU - Dawit Assefa
AU - Eveline Klinkenberg
Y1 - 2022/02/25
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12
T2 - American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
JF - American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
JO - American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2994-7227
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12
AB - Background: Prison systems worldwide are known as hotspots for the concentration and dissemination of tuberculosis (TB). The prevalence of TB in prisons can to be 10 to 100-fold higher than in the general population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among inmates and staffs from August to October 2018. About 214 presumptive TB cases had undergone the interviewee and GeneXpert test was used for the diagnosis of TB. The factors associated with TB were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Result: Of the 214 study participants, 2PTB patients were already diagnosed and on treatment before the study, 212were tested using GeneXpert resulting in 5 (2.3%) new MTB cases. Together with the 2PTB patients, the overall prevalence of PTB was 279 per 100,000 inmates, which is about 1.7 higher than in the general Ethiopia population. Pulmonary tuberculosis was statically significantly associated with imprisonment with known TB patient in same room (AOR=36, 95%CI=(4.1, 321)), and with cough for 3 months or more (AOR=230, 95%CI=(68.4, 2220). Those who had stayed for more than 3 months of imprisonment with a known TB patient were 20 times more likely to have PTB as compared to less months (AOR=20.1, 95%CI=(2.01, 201). Conclusion: The study confirmed the high TB burden in prisons and suggests there is ongoing transmission. Imprisonment history and morbidity factors were identified to be the underlying causes of the high TB transmission and active TB infection. Therefore, implementation of effective TB control and prevention measures could help reduce TB in prison.
VL - 3
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Tilahun Addisu Duressa

Benishangul Gumuz Regional Health Bureau, Assosa, Ethiopia
Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha

Management Science for Health, United States Agency for International Development/Challenge Tuberculosis Project, Assosa, Ethiopia
Dawit Assefa

KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, United States Agency for International Development/Challenge Tuberculosis Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Eveline Klinkenberg

KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, United States Agency for International Development/Challenge Tuberculosis Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Tilahun Addisu Duressa, Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha, Dawit Assefa, Eveline Klinkenberg. (2022). Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 3(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12

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ACS Style

Tilahun Addisu Duressa; Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha; Dawit Assefa; Eveline Klinkenberg. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. Am. J. Nurs. Health Sci. 2022, 3(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12

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AMA Style

Tilahun Addisu Duressa, Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha, Dawit Assefa, Eveline Klinkenberg. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. Am J Nurs Health Sci. 2022;3(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12,
  author = {Tilahun Addisu Duressa and Mekuriaw Alemu Mersha and Dawit Assefa and Eveline Klinkenberg},
  title = {Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20220301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajnhs.20220301.12},
  abstract = {Background: Prison systems worldwide are known as hotspots for the concentration and dissemination of tuberculosis (TB). The prevalence of TB in prisons can to be 10 to 100-fold higher than in the general population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among inmates and staffs from August to October 2018. About 214 presumptive TB cases had undergone the interviewee and GeneXpert test was used for the diagnosis of TB. The factors associated with TB were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Result: Of the 214 study participants, 2PTB patients were already diagnosed and on treatment before the study, 212were tested using GeneXpert resulting in 5 (2.3%) new MTB cases. Together with the 2PTB patients, the overall prevalence of PTB was 279 per 100,000 inmates, which is about 1.7 higher than in the general Ethiopia population. Pulmonary tuberculosis was statically significantly associated with imprisonment with known TB patient in same room (AOR=36, 95%CI=(4.1, 321)), and with cough for 3 months or more (AOR=230, 95%CI=(68.4, 2220). Those who had stayed for more than 3 months of imprisonment with a known TB patient were 20 times more likely to have PTB as compared to less months (AOR=20.1, 95%CI=(2.01, 201). Conclusion: The study confirmed the high TB burden in prisons and suggests there is ongoing transmission. Imprisonment history and morbidity factors were identified to be the underlying causes of the high TB transmission and active TB infection. Therefore, implementation of effective TB control and prevention measures could help reduce TB in prison.},
 year = {2022}
}

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