| Peer-Reviewed

Predictors of Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening in Kenya: The Demographic Factors Influence

Received: 7 November 2022     Accepted: 25 November 2022     Published: 20 July 2023
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Context: Prostate cancer, an adenocarcinoma of the male prostate gland, is increasingly becoming a health burden among men in the world. In East Africa, prostate cancer ranks third in both incidence and mortality. Screening increases early detection and survival but there is no evidence to show that screening reduces mortality. Aims: This study sought to determine demographic predictors of uptake of prostate cancer screening among men aged 40 years and above. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in Kasarani Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya. Cross sectional descriptive survey methodology was adopted. Methods and Material: Both pretested questionnaire and interview guides were used for data collection. Interviews were conducted in the households sampled randomly. About 384 respondents were sampled from the population. Statistical analysis used: Inferential statistics (chi square tests and ANOVA tests) as well as basic descriptive statistics were employed in data analysis. Both quantitative (SPSS) and qualitative (MAXQDA) data analysis software were used for the analysis. All tests were conducted at 95% CI. Results: About 9% of the population had undertaken prostate cancer screening. Levels of education, age, religion and employment status influenced uptake of screening (p=0.000). Conclusions: There is low rate of uptake of prostate cancer screening in the study area. Demographic factors including religion, occupation, marital status, education and age influence uptake of prostate cancer screening.

Published in American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12
Page(s) 62-67
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Screening, Prostate Cancer, Demographic Factors

References
[1] Dy GW, Gore JL, Forouzanfar MH, Naghavi M, Fitzmaurice CJEu. Global burden of urologic cancers, 1990–2013. 2017; 71: 437-46.
[2] Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin D, Piñeros M, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. 2019; 144: 1941-53.
[3] Wachira BW, Meng’anyi LW, Mbugua GR. Knowledge, perception and uptake of prostate cancer screening: A cross sectional study at a level III hospital in Kenya. 2018.
[4] Kimani KN. Experiences of patients living and dying with advanced heart failure in Kenya: a qualitative serial interview study. 2017.
[5] Litwin MS, Tan H-JJJ. The diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer: a review. 2017; 317: 2532-42.
[6] Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Bibbins-Domingo K, Caughey AB, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. 2018; 319: 1901-13.
[7] Frånlund M, Arnsrud Godtman R, Carlsson SV, Lilja H, Månsson M, Stranne J, et al. Prostate cancer risk assessment in men with an initial PSA below 3 ng/mL: results from the Göteborg randomized population-based prostate cancer screening trial. 2018; 52: 256-62.
[8] Huchko MJ, Kahn JG, Smith JS, Hiatt RA, Cohen CR, Bukusi EJBc. Study protocol for a cluster-randomized trial to compare human papillomavirus based cervical cancer screening in community-health campaigns versus health facilities in western Kenya. 2017; 17: 826.
[9] Makau-Barasa LK, Greene S, Othieno-Abinya N, Wheeler SB, Skinner A, Bennett AVJHRP, et al. A review of Kenya’s cancer policies to improve access to cancer testing and treatment in the country. 2020; 18: 1-10.
[10] Mutua K, Pertet AM, Otieno CJBph. Cultural factors associated with the intent to be screened for prostate cancer among adult men in a rural Kenyan community. 2017; 17: 894.
[11] Lee DJ, Mallin K, Graves AJ, Chang SS, Penson DF, Resnick MJ, et al. Recent changes in prostate cancer screening practices and epidemiology. 2017; 198: 1230-40.
[12] Morias S, Buckley E, Beckmann K, O'Callaghan M, Borg M, Short MJR, et al. Variation in radiotherapy patterns of care in the radical treatment of South Australian men with non-metastatic prostate cancer between 2005–2015. 2020; 145: 138-45.
[13] Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal AJCacjfc. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. 2018; 68: 394-424.
[14] Erena AN, Shen G, Lei PJEJoCP. Prostate cancer awareness and screening practice among Kenyan men. 2020; 29: 252-8.
[15] Ongala MO. The Nexus Between Participatory Communication And Prostate Cancer Screening Among At-Risk Population In Westlands, Nairobi–Kenya: University of Nairobi; 2018.
[16] Demographic K. Health Survey (2014 KDHS). 2014.
[17] Parry L, Davies G, Almeida O, Frausin G, de Moraés A, Rivero S, et al. Social vulnerability to climatic shocks is shaped by urban accessibility. 2018; 108: 125-43.
[18] Sujatha VJSB. What Is the Sociology behind Health Status and Health-seeking Behaviour? 2017; 66: 286-301.
[19] Ciarrochi J, Wilson CJ, Deane FP, Rickwood DJCPQ. Do difficulties with emotions inhibit help-seeking in adolescence? The role of age and emotional competence in predicting help-seeking intentions. 2003; 16: 103-20.
[20] Mustafa M, Salih A, Illzam E, Sharifa A, Suleiman M, Hussain SJIJoD, et al. Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. 2016; 15: 122-6.
[21] Zhou CK, Check DP, Lortet-Tieulent J, Laversanne M, Jemal A, Ferlay J, et al. Prostate cancer incidence in 43 populations worldwide: an analysis of time trends overall and by age group. 2016; 138: 1388-400.
[22] Mincey K, Turner BL, Anderson K, Maurice S, Neal R, White CJJoch. Prostate Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs in Black College Men: A Qualitative Study. 2017; 42: 1096-101.
[23] Vahabi M, Lofters A, Kim E, Wong JP-H, Ellison L, Graves E, et al. Breast cancer screening utilization among women from Muslim majority countries in Ontario, Canada. 2017; 105: 176-83.
[24] Nordman CJ, Rakotomanana F, Roubaud FJWD. Informal versus formal: A panel data analysis of earnings gaps in Madagascar. 2016; 86: 1-17.
[25] Pinto AD, Bloch GJCFP. Framework for building primary care capacity to address the social determinants of health. 2017; 63: e476-e82.
[26] Friedlander DF, Meyer CP, Choi K, Cole AP, Hanske J, Zavaski M, et al. A Nationwide Survey of Prostate Specific Antigen Based Screening and Counseling for Prostate Cancer. 2017; 4: 210-7.
[27] Everist MM, Howard LE, Aronson WJ, Kane CJ, Amling CL, Cooperberg MR, et al. Socioeconomic status, race, and long-term outcomes after radical prostatectomy in an equal access health system: Results from the SEARCH database. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations; 2019: Elsevier.
[28] Patel K, Gishe J, Liu J, Heaston A, Manis E, Moharreri B, et al. Factors Influencing Recommended Cancer Screening in Low-Income African American Women in Tennessee. 2020; 7: 129-36.
[29] McGinley KF, Tay KJ, Moul JWJNRU. Prostate cancer in men of African origin. 2016; 13: 99.
[30] Bello JO, Buhari T, Mohammed TO, Olanipekun HB, Egbuniwe AM, Fasiku OK, et al. Determinants of prostate specific antigen screening test uptake in an urban community in North-Central Nigeria. 2019; 19: 1665-70.
[31] Watson CA, Nilam SJJDST. Educational level as a social determinant of health and its relationship to periodontal disease as a health outcome. 2017; 1: 8-11.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Humphrey Gachoki, Isaac Okeyo. (2023). Predictors of Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening in Kenya: The Demographic Factors Influence. American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 4(3), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Humphrey Gachoki; Isaac Okeyo. Predictors of Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening in Kenya: The Demographic Factors Influence. Am. J. Nurs. Health Sci. 2023, 4(3), 62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Humphrey Gachoki, Isaac Okeyo. Predictors of Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening in Kenya: The Demographic Factors Influence. Am J Nurs Health Sci. 2023;4(3):62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12,
      author = {Humphrey Gachoki and Isaac Okeyo},
      title = {Predictors of Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening in Kenya: The Demographic Factors Influence},
      journal = {American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {62-67},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajnhs.20230403.12},
      abstract = {Context: Prostate cancer, an adenocarcinoma of the male prostate gland, is increasingly becoming a health burden among men in the world. In East Africa, prostate cancer ranks third in both incidence and mortality. Screening increases early detection and survival but there is no evidence to show that screening reduces mortality. Aims: This study sought to determine demographic predictors of uptake of prostate cancer screening among men aged 40 years and above. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in Kasarani Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya. Cross sectional descriptive survey methodology was adopted. Methods and Material: Both pretested questionnaire and interview guides were used for data collection. Interviews were conducted in the households sampled randomly. About 384 respondents were sampled from the population. Statistical analysis used: Inferential statistics (chi square tests and ANOVA tests) as well as basic descriptive statistics were employed in data analysis. Both quantitative (SPSS) and qualitative (MAXQDA) data analysis software were used for the analysis. All tests were conducted at 95% CI. Results: About 9% of the population had undertaken prostate cancer screening. Levels of education, age, religion and employment status influenced uptake of screening (p=0.000). Conclusions: There is low rate of uptake of prostate cancer screening in the study area. Demographic factors including religion, occupation, marital status, education and age influence uptake of prostate cancer screening.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Predictors of Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening in Kenya: The Demographic Factors Influence
    AU  - Humphrey Gachoki
    AU  - Isaac Okeyo
    Y1  - 2023/07/20
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12
    T2  - American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
    SP  - 62
    EP  - 67
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2994-7227
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnhs.20230403.12
    AB  - Context: Prostate cancer, an adenocarcinoma of the male prostate gland, is increasingly becoming a health burden among men in the world. In East Africa, prostate cancer ranks third in both incidence and mortality. Screening increases early detection and survival but there is no evidence to show that screening reduces mortality. Aims: This study sought to determine demographic predictors of uptake of prostate cancer screening among men aged 40 years and above. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in Kasarani Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya. Cross sectional descriptive survey methodology was adopted. Methods and Material: Both pretested questionnaire and interview guides were used for data collection. Interviews were conducted in the households sampled randomly. About 384 respondents were sampled from the population. Statistical analysis used: Inferential statistics (chi square tests and ANOVA tests) as well as basic descriptive statistics were employed in data analysis. Both quantitative (SPSS) and qualitative (MAXQDA) data analysis software were used for the analysis. All tests were conducted at 95% CI. Results: About 9% of the population had undertaken prostate cancer screening. Levels of education, age, religion and employment status influenced uptake of screening (p=0.000). Conclusions: There is low rate of uptake of prostate cancer screening in the study area. Demographic factors including religion, occupation, marital status, education and age influence uptake of prostate cancer screening.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Faculty of Health Sciences, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya

  • School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Sections