Cancer prevalence is increasing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. While the exact etiology of this trend is unknown, it can perhaps be partially attributed to an increased life expectancy and changes in lifestyle habits. One of the main challenges to the provision of appropriate cancer and palliative care is the critical shortage of oncology healthcare professionals, including nurses. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is characterized by its Islamic faith, culture, and unique traditions that may contribute to uniquely stressful situations for oncology nurses working in Saudi oncology care settings. This article provides an overview of cancer care and oncology nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia based on literature reporting challenges experienced by nurses delivering this care within the Saudi Arabian healthcare system and its cancer care services. Published literature written in English on cancer care and oncology nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were identified through a search of publicly available databases such as Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar as well as government sources. Reference lists were hand searched. Search terms used were Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabian healthcare system, nursing education, nursing, Saudi nurses, oncology nursing, cancer, and cancer care. Common challenges facing oncology nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are related to high job demands, staff shortages, communication and language barriers, and cultural differences that may lead to stressful work environments and reduce the quality of care provided to their patients. While many steps have been undertaken by the Saudi Ministry of Health to reform the healthcare system, a number of challenges remain. The need for greater availability of cancer care and palliative care settings in all Saudi regions is strongly indicated. Nursing administrators/managers should take these factors into consideration to enhance the Saudi oncology care nursing work environment and to improve the quality of nursing care for patients with cancer and their families.
Published in | American Journal of Nursing Science (Volume 6, Issue 4) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17 |
Page(s) | 324-332 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Cancer Care, Communication Barriers, Oncology Nursing, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Review, Saudi Culture, Staff Shortages, Job Stress
[1] | World Health Organization. (2016). Country cooperation strategy for WHO and Saudi Arabia 2012–2016. http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_sau_en.pdf. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[2] | Albejaidi, F. M. (2010). Healthcare system in Saudi Arabia: An analysis of structure, total quality management and future challenges. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 2 (2), 794-818. |
[3] | Aldossary, A., While, A., Barriball, L. (2008). Healthcare and nursing in Saudi Arabia. International Nursing Review, 55 (1), 125–128. |
[4] | Almalki, M., FitzGerald, G., Clark, M. (2011). The nursing profession in Saudi Arabia: An overview. International Nursing Review, 53 (3), 304-311. |
[5] | Al-Homayan, A. M., Shamsudin, F. M., Subramaniam, C., Islam, R. (2013). Impacts of job demands on nurses’ performance working in public hospitals. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 10 (9), 1050-1060. |
[6] | Ministry of Health. (2010). Annual Health Report 1430/1431H. Riyadh, KSA, General Statistical Department (MOH). |
[7] | Mufti, M. H. (2000). Healthcare development strategies in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. New York: Springer. |
[8] | World Health Organization. (2012). Kingdom of Saudi Arabia healthcare overview. http://www.colliers.com/~/media/files/emea/emea/research/speciality/2012q1saudi-arabia-healthcare-overview.ashx. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[9] | Adam, A., Osama, S., Muhammad, K. I. (2014). Nutrition and food consumption patterns in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 13 (4), 181-190. |
[10] | Al-Hazzaa, H. M. (2004). Prevalence of physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia: A brief review. East Mediterranean Health Journal, 10 (4-5), 663-670. |
[11] | Alqarni, S. S. (2016). A Review of Prevalence of Obesity in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Obesity and Eating Disorders, 2 (2), 1-6. |
[12] | Memish, Z. A., El Bcheraoui, C., Tuffaha, M., Robinson, M., Daoud, F., Jaber, S., et al. (2014). Obesity and associated factors — Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013. Preventing Chronic Disease, 11 (140236), 1-10. |
[13] | Abdo, A. A., Sanai, F. M., Al-Faleh, F. Z. (2012). Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Saudi Arabia: Are we off the hook? The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 18 (6), 349-357. |
[14] | Mosli, M. H., Al-Ahwal, M. S. (2012). Colorectal cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Need for screening. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 13 (8), 3809-3813. |
[15] | Radi, S. M. (2013). Breast cancer awareness among Saudi females in Jeddah. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14 (7), 4307-4312. |
[16] | Sibiani, A. R., Fallatah, H. I., Akbar, H. O., Qari, Y. A., Bazaraa, S., Merdad, A., Merdad, A. et al. (2011). Colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia King Abdul Aziz University Hospital: A five-year experience. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2 (10), 1126–1130. |
[17] | Cancer Research UK. (2014). The stages of a cancer. http://www. cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/what-is cancer/grow/the-stages-of-a-cancer. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[18] | Saudi Cancer Registry. (2016). Cancer incidence report Saudi Arabia 2013. http://www.chs.gov.sa/Ar/HealthCenters/NCC/CancerRegistry/CancerRegistryRports/2013.pdf. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[19] | Al-Ahmadi, K., Al-Zahrani, A., Al-Ahmadi, S. (2013). Spatial accessibility to cancer care facilities in Saudi Arabia. http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/health13/papers/health_11.pdf/ Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[20] | Yousef, F. M, Jacobs, E. T., Kang, P. T., Hakim, I. A., Going, S., Yousef, J. M. et al. (2013). Vitamin D status and breast cancer in Saudi Arabian women: Case study control study. The American Journal of clinical Nutrition, 98 (1), 105-110. |
[21] | Jesneck, J. L., Lo, J. Y., Baker, J. A. (2007). Breast mass lesions: Computer-aided diagnosis models with mammographic and sonographic descriptors. Radiology, 244 (2), 390–398. |
[22] | Alamoudi, O. S. (2010). Lung cancer at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia: A four-year prospective study of clinical, pathological, radiological, bronchoscopic, and biochemical parameters. Annuls of Thoracic Medicine, 5 (1), 30-36. |
[23] | Roche, H. (2014). Educating healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. http://www.roche.com/sustainability/for_patients/access_to_healthcare/making_inovationaccessible/athsaudiar.htm. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[24] | Almostadi, D. A. (2012). The relationship between death depression and death anxiety among cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Graduate School Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5143&context=etd/. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[25] | Al-Mahmoud, S., Mullen, P., Spurgeon, P. (2012). Saudisation of the nursing workforce: Reality and myths about planning nurse trainings in Saudi Arabia. Journal of American Science, 8 (4), 369-379. |
[26] | Dandash, K. F., Al-Mohaimeed, A. (2007). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding breast cancer and screening in female teachers of Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Health Science, 1 (1), 61–71. |
[27] | Alshammary, S. A., Abdullah, A., Duraisamy, B. P., Anba, M. (2014). Palliative care in Saudi Arabia: Two decades of progress and going strong. Journal of Health Specialties, 2 (2), 59-60. |
[28] | Ravichandran, K., Al-Hamdan, N. A., Mohamed, G. (2011). Knowledge, attitude, and behavior among Saudis toward cancer preventive practice. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 18 (3), 135-142. |
[29] | Abu Zeinah, G. F., Al-Kindi, S. S., Hassan, A. A. (2013). Middle East experience in palliative care. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 30 (1), 94-99. |
[30] | World Health Organization. (2011). Progress report on cancer prevention and control. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/122957/1/RC_technical_papers_2011_in_doc_5_13998.pdf. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[31] | Alkurashi, N. Y. (2006). Home health care team members. Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 148, 4196. |
[32] | Tumulty, G. (2001). Professional development of nursing in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33 (3), 285-290. |
[33] | Saudi Commission for Health Specialists. (2005). Licensed health institutes and training centers. Health Forum, 63, 50–51. |
[34] | Al-Thagafi, H. H. (2006). Change of attitudes towards the nursing profession for a sample of Saudi youth through a counselling program: Experimental study on a sample of students. Riyadh, KSA, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences. |
[35] | Alamri, A. S., Rasheed, M. F., Alfawzan, N. M. (2006). Reluctance of Saudi youth towards the nursing profession and the high rate of unemployment in Saudi Arabia: Causes and effects. Riyadh, KSA, King Saud University. |
[36] | Abu-Zinadah, S. (2004). The situation of Saudi nursing. Health Forum, 52, 42–43. |
[37] | Saudi Commission for Health Specialties. (2007). Classification of academic certification. http://eng.scfhs.org/Registration/Registration_1.php. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[38] | Alsaqri, S. H. (2014). A survey of intention to leave, job stress, burnout, and job satisfaction among nurses employed in the Ha’il region’s hospitals in Saudi Arabia. http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:160699/ Alsaqri.pdf. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[39] | Gazzaz, L. A. (2009). Saudi nurses' perceptions of nursing as an occupational choice: A qualitative interview study. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/1863/1/LG_PhDThesis2.pdf. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[40] | AlGhamdi, M. G., Urden, L. D. (2015). Transforming the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Nursing Management. 24 (1), E95-E100. |
[41] | Ministry of Health. (2012). Annual statistics book. http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Pages/Default.aspx. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[42] | Miligi, E, Selim, A. (2013). Saudi nursing students’ attitudes towards the nursing profession. European Journal of Business and Management, 6 (29), 197-208. |
[43] | World Health Organization. (2017). Country profiles: Saudi Arabia. http://www.emro.who.int/emrinfo/index.aspx?Ctry=saa. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[44] | Alshmemri, M. S. (2014). Job satisfaction of Saudi nurses working in Saudi Arabian public hospitals. http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:23815. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[45] | Al-Mahmoud, S., Mullen, P., Spurgeon, P. (2012). Saudisation of the nursing workforce: Reality and myths about planning nurse trainings in Saudi Arabia. Journal of American Science, 8 (4), 369-379. |
[46] | Al-Turki, H., Al-Turki, R., Al-Dardas, H., Al-Gazal, M., Al-Maghrabi, G., Al-Enizi, N. H., & Ghareeb, B. A. (2010). Burnout syndrome among multinational nurses working in Saudi Arabia. Annals of African Medicine, 9 (4), 226-229. |
[47] | ASCO Connection. (2013). Cancer care in Saudi Arabia. https://connection.asco.org/magazine/features/cancer-care-saudi-arabia. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[48] | Al-Shahri, M. Z, Eldali, A. M., Al-Zahrani, O. (2012). Non-pain symptoms of new and follow up cancer patients attending a palliative care outpatient clinic in Saudi Arabia. Indian Journal of Palliative care, 18 (2), 98-102. |
[49] | Al-Shahri, M. Z. (2005). Palliative care for Muslim patients. The Journal of Supportive Oncology, 3 (6), 432-436. |
[50] | Al-Shahri, M. Z. (2002). Culturally sensitive caring for Saudi patients. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13 (2), 133-138. |
[51] | Younge, D., Moreau, P., Ezzat, A., Grey, A. (1997). Communicating with cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 809, 309-313. |
[52] | Halligan, P. (2006). Caring for patients of Islamic denomination: Critical care nurses’ experiences in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15 (12), 1565–1573. |
[53] | Al-Amri, A. M. (2010). Saudi cancer patients’ attitudes towards disclosure of cancer information. Middle East Journal of Cancer, 1 (4), 175-180. |
[54] | Bishara, E., Loew, F., Forest, M. I., Fabre, J., Rapin, C. H. (1997). Is there a relationship between psychological well-being and patient–careers consensus? A clinical pilot study. Journal of palliative care, 13 (4), 14–22. |
[55] | Hebert, P. C., Hoffmaster, B., Glass, K. C., Singer, P. A. (1997). Bioethics for clinicians: Truth telling. Canadian Medical Association journal, 156 (2), 225–228. |
[56] | Mitchell, J. E. (2009). Job satisfaction and burnout among foreign-trained nurses in Saudi Arabia: A mixed-method study. http://gradworks.umi.com/ 357443.pdf. Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[57] | Van Rooyen, D. V, Telford-Smith, C. D., Strümpher, J. (20100. Nursing in Saudi Arabia: Reflections on the experiences of South African nurses. Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, 15 (1), 9. |
[58] | Simpson, E., Butler, M., Al-Somali, S., Courtney, M. D. (2006). Guiding the transition of nursing practice from an inpatient to a community-care setting: A Saudi Arabian experience. Nursing and Health Sciences, 8 (2), 120-124. |
[59] | Wyk, L. V. (2012). An exploration of the need among nurses from diverse cultures for a teaching program on cultural sensitivity. scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/.../vanwyk_exploration_2012.pdf? Accessed at 21st March 2017. |
[60] | Mebrouk, J. (2008). Perception of nursing care: Views of Saudi Arabian female nurses. Contemporary Nurse, 28 (1-2), 149-61. |
[61] | Al-Ahmadi, H. (2009). Factors affecting performance of hospital nurses in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 22 (1), 40-54. |
[62] | Al-Dossary, R., Vail, J., Macfarlane, F. (2012). Job satisfaction of nurses in a Saudi Arabian university teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study. International Nursing Review, 59 (3), 424–430. |
[63] | Zaghloul, A. A., Al-Hussaini, M. F., Al-Bassam, N. K. (2008). Intention to stay and nurses’ satisfaction dimensions. Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 1, 51–58. |
APA Style
Dhuha Youssef Wazqar, Mickey Kerr, Sandra Regan, Carole Orchard. (2017). Overview of Cancer Care and Oncology Nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Nursing Science, 6(4), 324-332. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17
ACS Style
Dhuha Youssef Wazqar; Mickey Kerr; Sandra Regan; Carole Orchard. Overview of Cancer Care and Oncology Nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Am. J. Nurs. Sci. 2017, 6(4), 324-332. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17
AMA Style
Dhuha Youssef Wazqar, Mickey Kerr, Sandra Regan, Carole Orchard. Overview of Cancer Care and Oncology Nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Am J Nurs Sci. 2017;6(4):324-332. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17
@article{10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17, author = {Dhuha Youssef Wazqar and Mickey Kerr and Sandra Regan and Carole Orchard}, title = {Overview of Cancer Care and Oncology Nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}, journal = {American Journal of Nursing Science}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {324-332}, doi = {10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajns.20170604.17}, abstract = {Cancer prevalence is increasing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. While the exact etiology of this trend is unknown, it can perhaps be partially attributed to an increased life expectancy and changes in lifestyle habits. One of the main challenges to the provision of appropriate cancer and palliative care is the critical shortage of oncology healthcare professionals, including nurses. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is characterized by its Islamic faith, culture, and unique traditions that may contribute to uniquely stressful situations for oncology nurses working in Saudi oncology care settings. This article provides an overview of cancer care and oncology nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia based on literature reporting challenges experienced by nurses delivering this care within the Saudi Arabian healthcare system and its cancer care services. Published literature written in English on cancer care and oncology nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were identified through a search of publicly available databases such as Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar as well as government sources. Reference lists were hand searched. Search terms used were Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabian healthcare system, nursing education, nursing, Saudi nurses, oncology nursing, cancer, and cancer care. Common challenges facing oncology nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are related to high job demands, staff shortages, communication and language barriers, and cultural differences that may lead to stressful work environments and reduce the quality of care provided to their patients. While many steps have been undertaken by the Saudi Ministry of Health to reform the healthcare system, a number of challenges remain. The need for greater availability of cancer care and palliative care settings in all Saudi regions is strongly indicated. Nursing administrators/managers should take these factors into consideration to enhance the Saudi oncology care nursing work environment and to improve the quality of nursing care for patients with cancer and their families.}, year = {2017} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of Cancer Care and Oncology Nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia AU - Dhuha Youssef Wazqar AU - Mickey Kerr AU - Sandra Regan AU - Carole Orchard Y1 - 2017/07/13 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17 DO - 10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17 T2 - American Journal of Nursing Science JF - American Journal of Nursing Science JO - American Journal of Nursing Science SP - 324 EP - 332 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5753 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.17 AB - Cancer prevalence is increasing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. While the exact etiology of this trend is unknown, it can perhaps be partially attributed to an increased life expectancy and changes in lifestyle habits. One of the main challenges to the provision of appropriate cancer and palliative care is the critical shortage of oncology healthcare professionals, including nurses. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is characterized by its Islamic faith, culture, and unique traditions that may contribute to uniquely stressful situations for oncology nurses working in Saudi oncology care settings. This article provides an overview of cancer care and oncology nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia based on literature reporting challenges experienced by nurses delivering this care within the Saudi Arabian healthcare system and its cancer care services. Published literature written in English on cancer care and oncology nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were identified through a search of publicly available databases such as Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar as well as government sources. Reference lists were hand searched. Search terms used were Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabian healthcare system, nursing education, nursing, Saudi nurses, oncology nursing, cancer, and cancer care. Common challenges facing oncology nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are related to high job demands, staff shortages, communication and language barriers, and cultural differences that may lead to stressful work environments and reduce the quality of care provided to their patients. While many steps have been undertaken by the Saudi Ministry of Health to reform the healthcare system, a number of challenges remain. The need for greater availability of cancer care and palliative care settings in all Saudi regions is strongly indicated. Nursing administrators/managers should take these factors into consideration to enhance the Saudi oncology care nursing work environment and to improve the quality of nursing care for patients with cancer and their families. VL - 6 IS - 4 ER -