Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings

Britta Hørdam; Kim Petersen; Heidi Næsted Stuhaug; Rikke Volmer Brandsen; Merete Watt Boolsen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23

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Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings

Britta Hørdam, Kim Petersen, Heidi Næsted Stuhaug, Rikke Volmer Brandsen, Merete Watt Boolsen

Published in American Journal of Nursing Science (Volume 7, Issue 6)

Received: 19 November 2018 Accepted: 17 December 2018 Published: 16 January 2019

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Abstract

Background: A study carried out in a public homecare setting aimed at determining older adults’ satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene by comparing a traditional bath with soap and water to a bath in which prepacked disposable washcloths were used. Based on the results, the purpose of this subsequent study was to refine our methodology in order to compare and identify older adults’ needs and choice of bathing procedure. Methodology: Twenty older adults completed two questionnaires and were interviewed before and after the bathing procedure just like the nurses. Baseline data regarding age, gender, type of housing, bath facilities, activities of daily living and self-rated health were obtained from one questionnaire and questions regarding the older adults' satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene from another. Nurses completed a questionnaire regarding their satisfaction with the two types of personal hygiene. Data regarding nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath and prepacked disposable washcloths were obtained from another two questionnaires. On the original questionnaires satisfaction were rated using three possible answers. Questions regarding the number of minutes spent for the individual personal hygiene, description of the conditions under which the bath took place, and an evaluation of the ethical dimension were asked. Two questions clarified the bath recommended by nurses and patients, two questions were used to evaluate skin reactions to soap and water and prepacked disposable washcloths. In the refining process the rating of satisfaction was expanded as well as the evaluation of skin condition, the recommendation of either types of bathing procedure was specified. Ideas from the Most Significant Change model were incorporated into the nurses' questionnaire, and self-determination was incorporated in the revised questionnaire. Outcome: Overall, the older adults preferred to have their own individual choice of daily bathing procedure. The nurses’ choice and recommendation of prepacked washcloths was significant and motivated by concern for the older adults’ efforts, time spent and personal wellbeing. The questionnaires containing baseline data, nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath, and prepacked disposable washcloths were considered sufficient for future studies. Specification of questions, expansions, more balanced scales and incorporation of older adults' self-determination increased the quality of the two questionnaires for future investigations. Conclusion: As this is the first and only study of nurses' and older adults’ attitude and experiences with two types of nurse-assisted baths in a homecare setting improved questionnaires have been prepared for further studies.

Published in	American Journal of Nursing Science (Volume 7, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23
Page(s)	296-303
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Older Adults, Personal Hygiene, Prepacked Disposable Washcloths, Questionnaires, Clinical Research

References

[1]	Hørdam B, Brandsen RV, Frandsen TK, Bing A, Stuhaug HN, Petersen K. Nurse-assisted personal hygiene to older adults 65+ in home care setting. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 2018. Vol. 8, No. 2 (23-29).
[2]	Andersen, J., Bilfeldt, A., & Jørgensen, M. S. (2014). Action research and empowerment in Denmark: Experiences from three different contexts. In M. Kristiansen, & J. Jørgen Bloch-Poulsen (Eds.), Participation and Power: In Participatory Research and Action Research (Open Access ed., pp. 99-122). Aalborg: Aalborg Universitetsforlag. Serie om lærings-, forandrings- og organisationsudviklingsprocesser, No. 1, Vol. 3.
[3]	Andersen J, Sliim B. (2004) Politics of inclusion and empowerment. Palgrave Macmillan/UK (pp. 280).
[4]	Lauritzen J. Notes on nursing: Florence Nightingale og victoria tidens arbejderkvinde. Sygepleje & historie 2004; 7 (22):4-10.
[5]	Henderson V. Sygeplejens grundlæggende principper. In: International Council of Nurses, Dansk Sygeplejeråd, editors. 7th ed. Copenhagen: Dansk Sygeplejeråd; Nyt Nordisk Forlag; 2012. p. 61 sider-s. 13-16, 60-61.
[6]	Skewes SM. No more bed baths. RN 1994 Jan; 57 (1):34-35.
[7]	Kvale S. Interviews: an introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 1996.
[8]	Boolsen MW. Kvalitative analyser. 2017, 2ed (pp. 231). Hans Reitzels Forlag/Denmark.
[9]	Boolsen MW. Spørgeskemaundersøgelser (Questionnaires). 2008, 1ed (pp. 228) Hans Reitzels Forlag/Denmark.
[10]	Hørdam B, Boolsen MW. Patientinvolvement in own rehabilitation after early discharge. I: doi: 10.1111/scs. 12407
[11]	Noddeskou LH, Hemmingsen LE, Hordam B. Elderly patients' and nurses' assessment of traditional bed bath compared to prepacked single units--randomised controlled trial. I: Scand J Caring Sci 2015 Jun; 29 (2):347-352.
[12]	Noddeskou LN, Tugvustein N, Marjunardottir IG, Hemmingsen L, Hordam B. Assessement of bed bathing methods in the Faroe Islands. I: American Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2018, Vol. 7, No 3., pp. 109-114.
[13]	Sheppard CM, Brenner PS. The effects of bathing and skin care practices on skin quality and satisfaction with an innovative product. J Gerontol Nurs 2000 Oct; 26 (10):36-45; quiz 55-6.
[14]	Carruth AK, Ricks D, Pullen P. Bag baths: an alternative to the bed bath. Nurs Manage 1995 Sep; 26 (9):75-6, 78.
[15]	Collins F, Hampton S. BagBath: the value of simplistic care in the community. Br J Community Nurs 2003 Oct; 8 (10):470-475.
[16]	Gillis K, Tency I, Roelant E, Laureys S, Devriendt H, Lips D. Skin hydration in nursing home residents using disposable bed baths. Geriatr Nurs 2016 May-Jun; 37 (3):175-179.
[17]	Cowdell F, Steventon K. Skin cleansing practices for older people: a systematic review. Int J Older People Nurs 2015 Mar; 10 (1):3-13.
[18]	Larson EL, Ciliberti T, Chantler C, Abraham J, Lazaro EM, Venturanza M, et al. Comparison of traditional and disposable bed baths in critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care 2004 May; 13 (3):235-241.
[19]	Lawler J. Behind the screens: nursing, somology, and the problem of the body. Melbourne; New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1994.
[20]	Dart J, Ricks D. A dialogical, story-based evaluation tool: The Most Significant Change Technique. American Journal of Evaluation, Vol. 24, No 2 (2003), PP. 137-155.

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APA Style

Britta Hørdam, Kim Petersen, Heidi Næsted Stuhaug, Rikke Volmer Brandsen, Merete Watt Boolsen. (2019). Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings. American Journal of Nursing Science, 7(6), 296-303. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23

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ACS Style

Britta Hørdam; Kim Petersen; Heidi Næsted Stuhaug; Rikke Volmer Brandsen; Merete Watt Boolsen. Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings. Am. J. Nurs. Sci. 2019, 7(6), 296-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23

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AMA Style

Britta Hørdam, Kim Petersen, Heidi Næsted Stuhaug, Rikke Volmer Brandsen, Merete Watt Boolsen. Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings. Am J Nurs Sci. 2019;7(6):296-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23

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@article{10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23,
  author = {Britta Hørdam and Kim Petersen and Heidi Næsted Stuhaug and Rikke Volmer Brandsen and Merete Watt Boolsen},
  title = {Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings},
  journal = {American Journal of Nursing Science},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {296-303},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajns.20180706.23},
  abstract = {Background: A study carried out in a public homecare setting aimed at determining older adults’ satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene by comparing a traditional bath with soap and water to a bath in which prepacked disposable washcloths were used. Based on the results, the purpose of this subsequent study was to refine our methodology in order to compare and identify older adults’ needs and choice of bathing procedure. Methodology: Twenty older adults completed two questionnaires and were interviewed before and after the bathing procedure just like the nurses. Baseline data regarding age, gender, type of housing, bath facilities, activities of daily living and self-rated health were obtained from one questionnaire and questions regarding the older adults' satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene from another. Nurses completed a questionnaire regarding their satisfaction with the two types of personal hygiene. Data regarding nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath and prepacked disposable washcloths were obtained from another two questionnaires. On the original questionnaires satisfaction were rated using three possible answers. Questions regarding the number of minutes spent for the individual personal hygiene, description of the conditions under which the bath took place, and an evaluation of the ethical dimension were asked. Two questions clarified the bath recommended by nurses and patients, two questions were used to evaluate skin reactions to soap and water and prepacked disposable washcloths. In the refining process the rating of satisfaction was expanded as well as the evaluation of skin condition, the recommendation of either types of bathing procedure was specified. Ideas from the Most Significant Change model were incorporated into the nurses' questionnaire, and self-determination was incorporated in the revised questionnaire. Outcome: Overall, the older adults preferred to have their own individual choice of daily bathing procedure. The nurses’ choice and recommendation of prepacked washcloths was significant and motivated by concern for the older adults’ efforts, time spent and personal wellbeing. The questionnaires containing baseline data, nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath, and prepacked disposable washcloths were considered sufficient for future studies. Specification of questions, expansions, more balanced scales and incorporation of older adults' self-determination increased the quality of the two questionnaires for future investigations. Conclusion: As this is the first and only study of nurses' and older adults’ attitude and experiences with two types of nurse-assisted baths in a homecare setting improved questionnaires have been prepared for further studies.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings
AU  - Britta Hørdam
AU  - Kim Petersen
AU  - Heidi Næsted Stuhaug
AU  - Rikke Volmer Brandsen
AU  - Merete Watt Boolsen
Y1  - 2019/01/16
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23
T2  - American Journal of Nursing Science
JF  - American Journal of Nursing Science
JO  - American Journal of Nursing Science
SP  - 296
EP  - 303
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23
AB  - Background: A study carried out in a public homecare setting aimed at determining older adults’ satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene by comparing a traditional bath with soap and water to a bath in which prepacked disposable washcloths were used. Based on the results, the purpose of this subsequent study was to refine our methodology in order to compare and identify older adults’ needs and choice of bathing procedure. Methodology: Twenty older adults completed two questionnaires and were interviewed before and after the bathing procedure just like the nurses. Baseline data regarding age, gender, type of housing, bath facilities, activities of daily living and self-rated health were obtained from one questionnaire and questions regarding the older adults' satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene from another. Nurses completed a questionnaire regarding their satisfaction with the two types of personal hygiene. Data regarding nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath and prepacked disposable washcloths were obtained from another two questionnaires. On the original questionnaires satisfaction were rated using three possible answers. Questions regarding the number of minutes spent for the individual personal hygiene, description of the conditions under which the bath took place, and an evaluation of the ethical dimension were asked. Two questions clarified the bath recommended by nurses and patients, two questions were used to evaluate skin reactions to soap and water and prepacked disposable washcloths. In the refining process the rating of satisfaction was expanded as well as the evaluation of skin condition, the recommendation of either types of bathing procedure was specified. Ideas from the Most Significant Change model were incorporated into the nurses' questionnaire, and self-determination was incorporated in the revised questionnaire. Outcome: Overall, the older adults preferred to have their own individual choice of daily bathing procedure. The nurses’ choice and recommendation of prepacked washcloths was significant and motivated by concern for the older adults’ efforts, time spent and personal wellbeing. The questionnaires containing baseline data, nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath, and prepacked disposable washcloths were considered sufficient for future studies. Specification of questions, expansions, more balanced scales and incorporation of older adults' self-determination increased the quality of the two questionnaires for future investigations. Conclusion: As this is the first and only study of nurses' and older adults’ attitude and experiences with two types of nurse-assisted baths in a homecare setting improved questionnaires have been prepared for further studies.
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Britta Hørdam
Kim Petersen

Department of Nursing Education, University College Diakonissestiftelsen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Heidi Næsted Stuhaug
Rikke Volmer Brandsen

Department of Homecare Setting, Municipality of Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Merete Watt Boolsen

Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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APA Style

Britta Hørdam, Kim Petersen, Heidi Næsted Stuhaug, Rikke Volmer Brandsen, Merete Watt Boolsen. (2019). Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings. American Journal of Nursing Science, 7(6), 296-303. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23

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ACS Style

Britta Hørdam; Kim Petersen; Heidi Næsted Stuhaug; Rikke Volmer Brandsen; Merete Watt Boolsen. Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings. Am. J. Nurs. Sci. 2019, 7(6), 296-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23

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AMA Style

Britta Hørdam, Kim Petersen, Heidi Næsted Stuhaug, Rikke Volmer Brandsen, Merete Watt Boolsen. Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings. Am J Nurs Sci. 2019;7(6):296-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23

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@article{10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23,
  author = {Britta Hørdam and Kim Petersen and Heidi Næsted Stuhaug and Rikke Volmer Brandsen and Merete Watt Boolsen},
  title = {Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings},
  journal = {American Journal of Nursing Science},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {296-303},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajns.20180706.23},
  abstract = {Background: A study carried out in a public homecare setting aimed at determining older adults’ satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene by comparing a traditional bath with soap and water to a bath in which prepacked disposable washcloths were used. Based on the results, the purpose of this subsequent study was to refine our methodology in order to compare and identify older adults’ needs and choice of bathing procedure. Methodology: Twenty older adults completed two questionnaires and were interviewed before and after the bathing procedure just like the nurses. Baseline data regarding age, gender, type of housing, bath facilities, activities of daily living and self-rated health were obtained from one questionnaire and questions regarding the older adults' satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene from another. Nurses completed a questionnaire regarding their satisfaction with the two types of personal hygiene. Data regarding nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath and prepacked disposable washcloths were obtained from another two questionnaires. On the original questionnaires satisfaction were rated using three possible answers. Questions regarding the number of minutes spent for the individual personal hygiene, description of the conditions under which the bath took place, and an evaluation of the ethical dimension were asked. Two questions clarified the bath recommended by nurses and patients, two questions were used to evaluate skin reactions to soap and water and prepacked disposable washcloths. In the refining process the rating of satisfaction was expanded as well as the evaluation of skin condition, the recommendation of either types of bathing procedure was specified. Ideas from the Most Significant Change model were incorporated into the nurses' questionnaire, and self-determination was incorporated in the revised questionnaire. Outcome: Overall, the older adults preferred to have their own individual choice of daily bathing procedure. The nurses’ choice and recommendation of prepacked washcloths was significant and motivated by concern for the older adults’ efforts, time spent and personal wellbeing. The questionnaires containing baseline data, nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath, and prepacked disposable washcloths were considered sufficient for future studies. Specification of questions, expansions, more balanced scales and incorporation of older adults' self-determination increased the quality of the two questionnaires for future investigations. Conclusion: As this is the first and only study of nurses' and older adults’ attitude and experiences with two types of nurse-assisted baths in a homecare setting improved questionnaires have been prepared for further studies.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Empowerment Improves Older Adults’ Rehabilitation in Homecare Settings
AU  - Britta Hørdam
AU  - Kim Petersen
AU  - Heidi Næsted Stuhaug
AU  - Rikke Volmer Brandsen
AU  - Merete Watt Boolsen
Y1  - 2019/01/16
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23
T2  - American Journal of Nursing Science
JF  - American Journal of Nursing Science
JO  - American Journal of Nursing Science
SP  - 296
EP  - 303
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20180706.23
AB  - Background: A study carried out in a public homecare setting aimed at determining older adults’ satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene by comparing a traditional bath with soap and water to a bath in which prepacked disposable washcloths were used. Based on the results, the purpose of this subsequent study was to refine our methodology in order to compare and identify older adults’ needs and choice of bathing procedure. Methodology: Twenty older adults completed two questionnaires and were interviewed before and after the bathing procedure just like the nurses. Baseline data regarding age, gender, type of housing, bath facilities, activities of daily living and self-rated health were obtained from one questionnaire and questions regarding the older adults' satisfaction with, evaluation of and attitudes toward personal hygiene from another. Nurses completed a questionnaire regarding their satisfaction with the two types of personal hygiene. Data regarding nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath and prepacked disposable washcloths were obtained from another two questionnaires. On the original questionnaires satisfaction were rated using three possible answers. Questions regarding the number of minutes spent for the individual personal hygiene, description of the conditions under which the bath took place, and an evaluation of the ethical dimension were asked. Two questions clarified the bath recommended by nurses and patients, two questions were used to evaluate skin reactions to soap and water and prepacked disposable washcloths. In the refining process the rating of satisfaction was expanded as well as the evaluation of skin condition, the recommendation of either types of bathing procedure was specified. Ideas from the Most Significant Change model were incorporated into the nurses' questionnaire, and self-determination was incorporated in the revised questionnaire. Outcome: Overall, the older adults preferred to have their own individual choice of daily bathing procedure. The nurses’ choice and recommendation of prepacked washcloths was significant and motivated by concern for the older adults’ efforts, time spent and personal wellbeing. The questionnaires containing baseline data, nurses' preferences and recommendations on traditional bath, and prepacked disposable washcloths were considered sufficient for future studies. Specification of questions, expansions, more balanced scales and incorporation of older adults' self-determination increased the quality of the two questionnaires for future investigations. Conclusion: As this is the first and only study of nurses' and older adults’ attitude and experiences with two types of nurse-assisted baths in a homecare setting improved questionnaires have been prepared for further studies.
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
ER  -

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