Photonics properties of glasses can be designed by controlling their complex Kerr nonlinearity. Chemical structure and bonding properties are considered as the origin of glass third-order susceptibilities. Investigation of the role of orbital hybridization on the glass electronic polarizability and third-order susceptibility is carried out. Thus, series of heavy metal lead borate glass of the composition 0.25B2O3–0.75PbO is prepared by melt quenching technique. Orbital hybridization, as a linear combination for valence electron wave functions of p- and d-block elements, is obtained through structural co-substitution of very small contents of Cr2O3 and/or SeO2, by B2O3. It get succeed to tune the glass nonlinear optical characteristics such as; the complex components of third-order susceptibility. Scaling roles describing the relations between oxide ion polarizability and index of refraction and between imaginary part of third-order susceptibility and band gap energy are proposed. The glasses exhibit zero-dispersion wavelength at 1.55 μm band which is needed for telecommunication devices. The polarizability approach is applied to analyze and explain the obtained glass properties.
| Published in | American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 2, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12 |
| Page(s) | 54-64 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Glass, Susceptibility, Polarizability, Orbital Hybridization
| [1] | F. El-Diasty, F. A. Abdel Wahab, and M. Abdel-Baki, “Optical band gap studies on lithium aluminum silicate glasses doped with Cr3+ ions,” J. Appl. Phys. 100 (2006) 093511-17. |
| [2] | G. L. Flower, M. S. Reddy, G. S. Baskaran, and N. Veeraiah, "The structural influence of chromium ions in lead gallium phosphate glasses by means of spectroscopic studies," Opt. Mater.30 (2007) 357-363. |
| [3] | V. Petricevic, S. K. Gayen, and R. R. Alfano, "Laser action in chromium‐activated forsterite for near‐infrared excitation: Is Cr4 + the lasing ion?" Appl. Phys. Lett. 53 (1988) 2590-2592. |
| [4] | G. Tang, Z. Yang, L. Luo, and W. Chen, "Dy3+-doped chalcohalide glass for 1.3 μm optical fiber amplifiers," J. Mater. Res. 23 (2008) 954–961. |
| [5] | G. Tang, H. Xiong, W. Chen, and L. Luo, "The study of Sm3+-doped low-phonon-energy chalcohalide glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 357 (2011) 2463–2467. |
| [6] | J. A. Savage, "Optical-Properties of Chalcogenide Glasses," J. Non-Cryst Solids 47 (1982) 101-116. |
| [7] | A. B. Seddon, "Chalcogenide Glasses - a Review of Their Preparation, Properties and Applications," J. Non-Cryst Solids 184 (1995) 44-50. |
| [8] | V. G. Ta’eed, N. J. Baker, L. Fu, K. Finsterbusch, M. R.E. Lamont, D. J. Moss, H. C. Nguyen, B. J. Eggleton, D. Y. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, "Ultrafast all-optical chalcogenide glass photonic circuits," Opt. Express 15 (2007) 9205-9221. |
| [9] | M. Abdel-Baki, and F. El-Diasty, "Glasses for photonic technologies," Int. J. Opt. Appl. 3 (2013) 125-137. |
| [10] | A. Zakery, and S.R. Elliott, "Optical Nonlinearities in Chalcogenide Glasses and Their Applications," Springer 2007. |
| [11] | R. E. Youngman, and J. W. Zwanziger, "Multiple boron sites in borate glass detected with dynamic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance," J. Non-Crystal. Solids 168 (1994) 293-297. |
| [12] | P. Becker, "Borate Materials in Nonlinear Optics," Adv. Mater. 10 (1998) 979-992. |
| [13] | N. M. Bobkova, and S. A. Khot’ko, "Structure of zinc-borate low-melting glasses derived from IR spectroscopy data," J. Appl. Spectro. 72 (2005) 853-857. |
| [14] | C. B. Layne W. H. Lowdermilk, and M. J. Weber, “Multiphonon relaxation of rare earth ions in oxide glasses”, Phys. Rev. B 16 (1977) 10-20. |
| [15] | Z. Burshtein, “Radiative, nonradiative, and mixed-decay transitions of rare-earth ions in dielectric media”, Opt. Eng. 49 (2010) 091005. |
| [16] | Z. L. Wang, and Z. C. Kang, "Functional and Smart Materials — Structural Evolution and Structure Analysis," New York: Plenum Press, 1998. |
| [17] | S. Şimşek, "A novel method for designing one dimensional photonic crystals with given bandgap characteristics," AEU – Inter. J. Electron. Commun. 67 (2013) 827-832. |
| [18] | F. El-Diasty, “Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the modal field-shift and the associated transition loss in perturbed index-profile single-mode optical fiber applying Fizeau interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21 (2004) 1496-1502. |
| [19] | F. El-Diasty, “Evaluation of some GRIN fiber parameters and associated fraction mode loss due to mechanically induced optical anisotropy,” Appl. Opt. 42 (2003) 5263-5273. |
| [20] | F. El-Diasty, A. Amichi, “Evanescent-wave in perturbed optical fibers,” Opt. Commun. 281 (2008) 4329-4333. |
| [21] | F. El-Diasty, H. A. El-Hennawi, “Nonlinearity in bent optical fibers,” Appl. Opt. 48 (2009) 3818-3822. |
| [22] | D. H. Heiman, R. W. Hellwarth, D. S. Hamilton, "Raman scattering and nonlinear refractive index measurements of optical glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 34 (1979) 63-79. |
| [23] | F. El-Diasty, F. A. Moustafa, F. A. Abdel-Wahab, M. Abdel-Baki, and A. M. Fayad, "Role of 4p-3d orbital hybridization on band gap engineering of heavy metal glass for optoelectronic applications" J. Alloy. Comp. 605 (2014) 157-163. |
| [24] | R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, 2nd ed. (Academic, 2003). |
| [25] | R. C. Miller, “Optical second harmonic generation in piezoelectric crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 5 (1964) 17–19. |
| [26] | E. M. Vogel, M. J. Weber, and D. M. Krol, "Nonlinear optical phenomena in glass," Phys. Chem. Glasses 32 (1991) 231-254. |
| [27] | T. Cassano, R. Tommasi, M. Ferrara, F. Babudri, G. M. Farimol, and F. Naso, “Substituent-dependence of the optical nonlinearities in poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylenevinylene) polymers investigated by the Z-scan technique,” Chem. Phys. 272 (2001) 111–118. |
| [28] | M. Sheik-Bahae, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Dispersion and band-gap scaling of the electronic Kerr effect in solids associated with two-photon absorption,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 96–99. |
| [29] | M. Sheik-Bahae, and E. W. Van Stryland, in: E. Garmire, A. Kost, eds., Semiconductors and Semimetals (Academic, 1999), Vol. 58, Chap. 4. |
| [30] | M. Weiler, “Nonparabolicity and exciton effects in two-photon absorption in zincblende semiconductors,” Solid State Commun. 39 (1981) 937–940. |
| [31] | B. S. Wherrett, “Scaling rules for multiphoton interband absorption in semiconductors,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1 (1984) 67–72. |
| [32] | V. Dimitrov, and S. Sakka, “Linear and nonlinear optical properties of simple oxides. II,” J. Appl. Phys. 79 (1996) 1741–1745. |
| [33] | H. Ticha´, and L. Tichy´, “Semiempirical relation between nonlinear susceptibility (refractive index), linear refractive index and optical gap and its application to amorphous chalcogenides,” J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 4 (2002) 381–386. |
| [34] | N. L. Böling, A. J. Glass, and A. Owyoung, “Empirical relationships for predicting nonlinear refractive index changes in optical solids,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 14 (1978) 601–608. |
| [35] | K. Petkov, and P. J. S. Ewen, "Photoinduced changes in the linear and non-linear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 249 (1999) 150-159. |
| [36] | S. H. Wemple, and M. DiDomenico, "Behavior of the electronic dielectric constant in covalent and ionic materials," Phys. Rev. B 3 (1971) 1338-1351. |
| [37] | S. H. Wemple, "Material dispersion in optical fibers," Appl. Opt. 18 (1979) 31-35. |
| [38] | C. Gautam, A. K. Yadav, and A. K. Singh, "A Review on infrared spectroscopy of borate glasses with effects of different additives," ISRN Ceramics 2012 (2012) 1-17. |
| [39] | M. Abdel-Baki, F. A. Abdel Wahab, A. Radi, and F. El-Diasty, “Factors affecting optical dispersion in borate glass systems,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids 68 (2007) 1457-1470. |
| [40] | F. A. Moustafa, M. Abdel-Baki, A. M. Fayad, and F. El-Diasty, "Role of mixed valence effect and orbital hybridization on molar volume of heavy metal glass for ionic conduction pathways augmentation," Am. J. Mater. Sci. 4 (2014) 119-126. |
| [41] | K. Fajans, "Struktur und deformation der elektronenhüllen in ihrer bedeutung für die chemischen und optischen eigenschaften anorganischer verbindungen". Naturwiss. 11 (1923) 165–72. |
| [42] | V. Dimitrov, and S. Sakka, "Electronic oxide polarizability and optical basicity of simple oxides," J. Appl. Phys. 79 (1996) 1736-1740. |
| [43] | V. Dimitrov, and T. Komatsu, "Classification of oxide glasses: a polarizability approach," J. Solid State Chem. 178 (2005) 831-846. |
| [44] | J. R. Tessman, A. H. Kahn, and W. Shockley, "Electronic Polarizabilities of Ions in Crystals," Phys. Rev. 92 (1953) 890-895. |
| [45] | V. Dimitrov, and T. Komatsu, "An interpretation of optical properties of oxides and oxide glasses in terms of the electronic ion polarizability and average single bond strength," J. Univ. Chem. Tech. Metallurgy, 45 (2010) 219-250. |
| [46] | L. F. Mollenauer, R. H. Stolen, and J. P. Gordon, "Experimental observation of picosecond pulse narrowing and solitons in optical fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 45 (1980) 1095-1097. |
| [47] | G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear fiber optics, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995. |
| [48] | D. E. Spence, P. N. Kean, and W. Sibbett, "60-Fsec pulse generation from a self-mode-locked Ti-sapphire laser," Opt. Lett. 16 (1991) 42-44. |
| [49] | H. M. Gibbs, Optical Bistability: Controlling Light with Light," Orlando: Academic Press, 1985. |
| [50] | M. N. Islam, "Ultrafast Fiber Switching Devices and Systems," Cambridge England; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 1992. |
| [51] | U. Häussermann, M. Boström, P. Viklund, Ö. Rapp, and T. Björnängen, "FeGa3 and RuGa3: Semiconducting Intermetallic Compounds," J. Solid State Chem. 165 (2002) 94–99. |
| [52] | S. T. Lim, T. W. Kim, S. G. Hur, S.-Ju Hwang, H. Park, W. Choi, and J.-Ho Choy," Effects of p- and d-block metal co-substitution on the electronic structure and physicochemical properties of InMO4 (M = Nb and Ta) semiconductors," Chem. Phys. Lett. 434 (2007) 251–255. |
| [53] | M. Kobayashi, Y. Ishida, J. I. Hwang, G. S. Song, M. Takizawa, A. Fujimori, Y. Takeda, T. Ohkochi, T. Okane, Y. Saitoh, H. Yamagami, Amita Gupta, H. T. Cao, and K. V. Rao, "Hybridization between the conduction band and 3d orbitals in the oxide-based diluted magnetic semiconductor In2−xVxO3," Phys. Rev. B 79 (2009) 205-203. |
| [54] | S. Kundua, N. Das, S. Chakrabortya, D. Bhattacharya, and P. K. Biswas, "Synthesis of sol–gel based nanostructured Cr(III)-doped indium tin oxide films on glass and their optical and magnetic characterizations," Opt. Mater. 35 (2013) 1029–1034. |
| [55] | J. B. Goodenough, "Descriptions of outer d electrons in thiospinels," J. Phys. Chem. Solids 30 (1969) 261–280. |
| [56] | M. Abdel-Baki, Fathy A. Abdel-Wahab, and Fouad El-Diasty, "One-photon band gap engineering of borate glass doped with ZnO for photonics applications," J. Appl. Phys. 111 (2012) 073506. |
| [57] | X. Liu, D. B. Hollis, and J. McDougall, "Ultraviolet absorption edge studies of heavy metal oxide glasses," Phys. Chem. Glasses 37 (1996) 160-168. |
| [58] | E. W. van Stryland, M. A. Woodall, H. Vanherzeele, and M. J. Soileau, "Energy band-gap dependence of two-photon absorption," Opt. Lett. 10 (1985) 490-492. |
| [59] | Y. Watanabe, S. Sakata, T. Watanabe, and T. Tsuchiya, "Two-photon absorption in binary Bi2O3-B2O3 glass at 532 nm," Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 240 (1998) 212-220. |
| [60] | F. El-Diasty, and M. Abdel-Baki, "One- and two-photon absorption in transition metal oxide glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 106 (2009) 053521. |
| [61] | X. Feng, F. Poletti, A. Camerlingo, F. Parmigiani, P. Petropoulos, P. Horak, G. M. Ponzo, M. Petrovich, J. Shi, W. H. Loh, and D. J. Richardson, "Dispersion controlled highly nonlinear fibers for all-optical processing at telecoms wavelengths," Opt. Fiber Technol. 16 (2010) 378–391. |
| [62] | J. M. Dudley, and J.R. Taylor (Eds.), Supercontinuum Generation in Optical Fibers, Cambridge University Press, 2010. |
| [63] | M. E. Marhic, N. Kagi, T. -K. Chiang, and L. G. Kazovsky, "Broadband fiber optical parametric amplifiers," 21 Opt. Lett. (1996) 573-575. |
| [64] | M. R. E. Lamont, C. M. de Sterke, and B. J. Eggleton, "Dispersion engineering of highly nonlinear As2S3 waveguides for parametric gain and wavelength conversion," Opt. Exp. 15 (2007) 9458-9463. |
| [65] | G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, and V. Marie, "High conversion-efficiency widely-tunable all fiber optical parametric oscillator," Opt. Exp. 15 (2007) 2947-2952. |
| [66] | K. Suzuki, M. Nakazawa, and H. A. Haus, "Parametric soliton laser," Opt. Lett. 15 (1989) 320-322. |
| [67] | N. Nishizawa, and T. Goto "Ultrafast all optical switching by use of pulse trapping across zero-dispersion wavelength," Opt. Exp. 11 (2003) 359-365. |
| [68] | S. Fujino, and K. Morinaga, "Material dispersion and its compositional parameter of oxide glasses," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 222 (1997) 316-320. |
APA Style
Fouad El-Diasty, Fathy A. Abdel-Wahab, Manal Abdel-Baki, Fouad A. Moustafa. (2014). Influence of Orbital Hybridization on Kerr Nonlinearity of a Heavy Metal Borate Glass: Scaling of Polarizability and the Imaginary Contribution of Optical Susceptibility. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 2(4), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12
ACS Style
Fouad El-Diasty; Fathy A. Abdel-Wahab; Manal Abdel-Baki; Fouad A. Moustafa. Influence of Orbital Hybridization on Kerr Nonlinearity of a Heavy Metal Borate Glass: Scaling of Polarizability and the Imaginary Contribution of Optical Susceptibility. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2014, 2(4), 54-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12
AMA Style
Fouad El-Diasty, Fathy A. Abdel-Wahab, Manal Abdel-Baki, Fouad A. Moustafa. Influence of Orbital Hybridization on Kerr Nonlinearity of a Heavy Metal Borate Glass: Scaling of Polarizability and the Imaginary Contribution of Optical Susceptibility. Am J Opt Photonics. 2014;2(4):54-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12,
author = {Fouad El-Diasty and Fathy A. Abdel-Wahab and Manal Abdel-Baki and Fouad A. Moustafa},
title = {Influence of Orbital Hybridization on Kerr Nonlinearity of a Heavy Metal Borate Glass: Scaling of Polarizability and the Imaginary Contribution of Optical Susceptibility},
journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {54-64},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20140204.12},
abstract = {Photonics properties of glasses can be designed by controlling their complex Kerr nonlinearity. Chemical structure and bonding properties are considered as the origin of glass third-order susceptibilities. Investigation of the role of orbital hybridization on the glass electronic polarizability and third-order susceptibility is carried out. Thus, series of heavy metal lead borate glass of the composition 0.25B2O3–0.75PbO is prepared by melt quenching technique. Orbital hybridization, as a linear combination for valence electron wave functions of p- and d-block elements, is obtained through structural co-substitution of very small contents of Cr2O3 and/or SeO2, by B2O3. It get succeed to tune the glass nonlinear optical characteristics such as; the complex components of third-order susceptibility. Scaling roles describing the relations between oxide ion polarizability and index of refraction and between imaginary part of third-order susceptibility and band gap energy are proposed. The glasses exhibit zero-dispersion wavelength at 1.55 μm band which is needed for telecommunication devices. The polarizability approach is applied to analyze and explain the obtained glass properties.},
year = {2014}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Orbital Hybridization on Kerr Nonlinearity of a Heavy Metal Borate Glass: Scaling of Polarizability and the Imaginary Contribution of Optical Susceptibility AU - Fouad El-Diasty AU - Fathy A. Abdel-Wahab AU - Manal Abdel-Baki AU - Fouad A. Moustafa Y1 - 2014/10/30 PY - 2014 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12 T2 - American Journal of Optics and Photonics JF - American Journal of Optics and Photonics JO - American Journal of Optics and Photonics SP - 54 EP - 64 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8494 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20140204.12 AB - Photonics properties of glasses can be designed by controlling their complex Kerr nonlinearity. Chemical structure and bonding properties are considered as the origin of glass third-order susceptibilities. Investigation of the role of orbital hybridization on the glass electronic polarizability and third-order susceptibility is carried out. Thus, series of heavy metal lead borate glass of the composition 0.25B2O3–0.75PbO is prepared by melt quenching technique. Orbital hybridization, as a linear combination for valence electron wave functions of p- and d-block elements, is obtained through structural co-substitution of very small contents of Cr2O3 and/or SeO2, by B2O3. It get succeed to tune the glass nonlinear optical characteristics such as; the complex components of third-order susceptibility. Scaling roles describing the relations between oxide ion polarizability and index of refraction and between imaginary part of third-order susceptibility and band gap energy are proposed. The glasses exhibit zero-dispersion wavelength at 1.55 μm band which is needed for telecommunication devices. The polarizability approach is applied to analyze and explain the obtained glass properties. VL - 2 IS - 4 ER -
Information
Email: