Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO<sub>2</sub> and Mode Coupling

Tianrui Pan; Yuan Pei; Maosheng Wang; Xiaojuan Xie; Wanxia Huang

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO₂ and Mode Coupling

Tianrui Pan, Yuan Pei, Maosheng Wang, Xiaojuan Xie, Wanxia Huang

Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 11 July 2021 Accepted: 2 August 2021 Published: 12 August 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Metasurfaces in a metal–semiconductor–metal configuration have been studied in multiple contexts, including perfect absorption and phase modulation. Nevertheless, limit progress has been achieved in independent phase modulation. To study further in this work, a metasurface composed of an Au film/ VO₂ film/ Au patch array with square holes was proposed in this paper. Through simulating and analysing the optical properties, simulated results indicated that an extremely switchable function can be realized by modulating the phase transition of VO₂, when VO₂ was in the metal (semiconductor) phase, the whole structure represented as ON (OFF) state. Additionally, the efficient modulation depth is approximately 99.6% for the y-polarization at a wavelength of 2.019 µm. What’s more, by modulating symmetry-breaking of the structure or polarization, an extreme reflection phase change can been applied. As for the former, by adjusting the asymmetry degreed, the reflection phase can change from less than 180° to nearly 360°, and for the latter, the adjustment in polarization resulted in a phase change of nearly 180° for the x-polarization and nearly 360° for the y-polarization. While the amplitude remained almost constant at the corresponding wavelength. That is to say, an independent regulation of amplitude and phase was accomplished. And a two-mode one-port temporal coupled mode theory supported by full-wave simulations can explain the underlying physics of the designed independent phase modulation. The research findings mentioned above established the possibility for plasmonic integration as well as the design of multi-functional devices such as gradient metasurfaces and temperature-controlled switches.

Published in	American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13
Page(s)	88-93
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Metasurfaces, Temporal Coupled Mode Theory, Vanadium Dioxide, Optical Switching

References

[1]	Liu, M., Hwang, H. Y., Tao, H., Strikwerda, A. C., Fan, K., Keiser, G. R., Sternbach, A. J., West, K. G., Kittiwatanakul, S., Lu, J., Wolf, S. A., Omenetto, F. G., Zhang, X., Nelson, K. A., & Averitt, R. D. (2012) Terahertz-field-induced insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide metamaterial. Nature, 487, 345-348.
[2]	Aetukuri, N. B., Gray, A. X., Drouard, M., Cossale, M., Gao, L., Reid, A. H., Kukreja, R., Ohldag, H., Jenkins, C. A., Arenholz, E., Roche, K. P., Dürr, H. A., Samant, M. G., & Parkin, S. S. P. (2013) Control of the metal-insulator transition in vanadium dioxide by modifying orbital occupancy. Nat. Phys. 9, 661-666.
[3]	Budai, J. D., Hong, J., Manley, M. E., Specht, E. D., Li, C. W., Tischler, J. Z., Abernathy, D. L., Said, A. H., Leu, B. M., Boatner, L. A., McQueeney, R. J., & Delaire, O. (2014) Metallization of vanadium dioxide driven by large phonon entropy. Nature 515, 535-539.
[4]	Lee, S., Hippalgaonkar, K., Yang, F., Hong, J., Ko C., Suh, J., Liu, K., Wang, K., Urban, J. J., Zhang, X., Dames, C., Hartnoll, S. A., Delaire, O., & Wu, J. (2017) Anomalously low electronic thermal conductivity in metallic vanadium dioxide. Science 355, 371-374.
[5]	Xu, G., Chen, Y., Tazawa, M., & Jin, P. (2006) Surface Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanoparticles on Vanadium Dioxide. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 2051–2056.
[6]	Wei, J., Wang, Z., Chen, W., & Cobden, D. H. (2009) New aspects of the metal-insulator transition in single-domain vanadium dioxide nanobeams. Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 420-424.
[7]	Zhu, H., Zhang, Y., Ye, L., Li, Y., Xu, Y., & Xu, R. (2020) Switchable and tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber with broadband and multi-band absorption. Opt. Express 26: 38626.
[8]	Driscoll, T., Palit, S., Qazilbash, M. M., Brehm, M., Keilmann, F., Chae B., Yun, S., Kim, H., Cho, S. Y., Jokerst, N. M., Smith, D. R., & Basov, D. N. (2008) Dynamic tuning of an infrared hybrid-metamaterial resonance using vanadium dioxide. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 024101.
[9]	Huang, W., Yin, X., Huang, C., Wang, Q., Miao, T., & Zhu, Y. (2010) Optical switching of a metamaterial by temperature controlling. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 261908.
[10]	Ooi, K. J. A., Bai, P., Chu, H. S., & Ang, L. K. (2013) Ultracompact vanadium dioxide dual-mode plasmonic waveguide electroabsorption modulator. Nanophotonics 2, 13-19.
[11]	Nouman, M. T., Hwang, J. H., Faiyaz, M., Lee, K. J., Noh, D. Y., & Jang, J. H. (2018) Vanadium dioxide based frequency tunable metasurface filters for realizing reconfigurableterahertz optical phase and polarization control. Opt. Express 26, 12922-12929.
[12]	Wang, T., He, J., Guo, J., Wang, X., Feng, S., Kuhl, F., Becker, M., Polity, A., Klar, P. J., & Zhang, Y. (2019) Thermally switchable terahertz wavefront metasurface modulators based on the insulator-to-metal transition of vanadium dioxide. Opt. Express 27, 20347-20357.
[13]	Qu, C., Ma, S., Hao, J., Qiu, M., Li, X., Xiao, S., Miao, Z., Dai, N., He, Q., Sun, S., & Zhou, L. (2015) Tailor the Functionalities of Metasurfaces Based on a Complete Phase Diagram. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 235503.
[14]	Miao, Z., Wu, Q., Li, X., He, Q., Ding, K., An, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, L. (2015) Widely Tunable Terahertz Phase Modulation with Gate-Controlled Graphene Metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. X 5, 041027.
[15]	Ozbay, E. (2006) Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics at Nanoscale Dimensions. Science 311, 189-193.
[16]	Huang, W., Zhang, X., Wang, Q., Wang, M., Li, C., Li, K., Yang, X., & Shi J. (2019) Controllability of surface plasmon polariton far-field radiation using a metasurface. Photonics Res. 7, 728-733.
[17]	Verleur, H. W., Barker, A. S., & Berglund, C. N. (1968) Optical Properties of VO₂ between 0.25 and 5 eV. Phys. Rev. 172, 788-798.
[18]	Lv, T. T., Li, Y. X., Ma, H. F., Zhu, Z., Li, Z. P., Guan, C. Y., Shi, J. H., Zhang, H., & Cui, T. J. (2016) Hybrid metamaterial switching for manipulating chirality based on VO₂ phase transition. Sci. Rep. 6, 23186.
[19]	Agranovich, V. M., & Kravtsov, V. E. (1985) Notes on crystal optics of superlattices. Solid State Commun. 55, 85-90.
[20]	Huang, W., Lin, J., Qiu, M., Liu, T., He, Q., Xiao, S., & Zhou, L. (2020) A complete phase diagram for dark-bright coupled plasmonic systems: applicability of Fano’s formula. Nanophotonics 9, 3251-3262.
[21]	Miroshnichenko, A. E., Flach, S., & Kivshar, Y. S. (2010) Fano resonances in nanoscale structures. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2257-2298.
[22]	Fan, S., Suh W., & Joannopoulos, J. D. (2003) Temporal coupled-mode theory for the Fano resonance in optical resonators. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 569-572.
[23]	Lin, J., Qiu, M., Zhang, X., Guo, H., Cai, Q., Xiao, S., He, Q., & Zhou, L. (2020) Tailoring the lineshapes of coupled plasmonic systems based on a theory derived from first principles. Light Sci. Appl. 9, 158.
[24]	Huang, W., Zhao, G., Guo, J., Wang, M., & Shi, J. (2016) Nearly Perfect Absorbers Operating Associated with Fano Resonance in the Infrared Range. Chin. Phys. Lett. 33, 088103.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Tianrui Pan, Yuan Pei, Maosheng Wang, Xiaojuan Xie, Wanxia Huang. (2021). Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 9(4), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Tianrui Pan; Yuan Pei; Maosheng Wang; Xiaojuan Xie; Wanxia Huang. Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2021, 9(4), 88-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Tianrui Pan, Yuan Pei, Maosheng Wang, Xiaojuan Xie, Wanxia Huang. Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling. Am J Phys Appl. 2021;9(4):88-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13,
  author = {Tianrui Pan and Yuan Pei and Maosheng Wang and Xiaojuan Xie and Wanxia Huang},
  title = {Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {88-93},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20210904.13},
  abstract = {Metasurfaces in a metal–semiconductor–metal configuration have been studied in multiple contexts, including perfect absorption and phase modulation. Nevertheless, limit progress has been achieved in independent phase modulation. To study further in this work, a metasurface composed of an Au film/ VO2 film/ Au patch array with square holes was proposed in this paper. Through simulating and analysing the optical properties, simulated results indicated that an extremely switchable function can be realized by modulating the phase transition of VO2, when VO2 was in the metal (semiconductor) phase, the whole structure represented as ON (OFF) state. Additionally, the efficient modulation depth is approximately 99.6% for the y-polarization at a wavelength of 2.019 µm. What’s more, by modulating symmetry-breaking of the structure or polarization, an extreme reflection phase change can been applied. As for the former, by adjusting the asymmetry degreed, the reflection phase can change from less than 180° to nearly 360°, and for the latter, the adjustment in polarization resulted in a phase change of nearly 180° for the x-polarization and nearly 360° for the y-polarization. While the amplitude remained almost constant at the corresponding wavelength. That is to say, an independent regulation of amplitude and phase was accomplished. And a two-mode one-port temporal coupled mode theory supported by full-wave simulations can explain the underlying physics of the designed independent phase modulation. The research findings mentioned above established the possibility for plasmonic integration as well as the design of multi-functional devices such as gradient metasurfaces and temperature-controlled switches.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling
AU  - Tianrui Pan
AU  - Yuan Pei
AU  - Maosheng Wang
AU  - Xiaojuan Xie
AU  - Wanxia Huang
Y1  - 2021/08/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 88
EP  - 93
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13
AB  - Metasurfaces in a metal–semiconductor–metal configuration have been studied in multiple contexts, including perfect absorption and phase modulation. Nevertheless, limit progress has been achieved in independent phase modulation. To study further in this work, a metasurface composed of an Au film/ VO2 film/ Au patch array with square holes was proposed in this paper. Through simulating and analysing the optical properties, simulated results indicated that an extremely switchable function can be realized by modulating the phase transition of VO2, when VO2 was in the metal (semiconductor) phase, the whole structure represented as ON (OFF) state. Additionally, the efficient modulation depth is approximately 99.6% for the y-polarization at a wavelength of 2.019 µm. What’s more, by modulating symmetry-breaking of the structure or polarization, an extreme reflection phase change can been applied. As for the former, by adjusting the asymmetry degreed, the reflection phase can change from less than 180° to nearly 360°, and for the latter, the adjustment in polarization resulted in a phase change of nearly 180° for the x-polarization and nearly 360° for the y-polarization. While the amplitude remained almost constant at the corresponding wavelength. That is to say, an independent regulation of amplitude and phase was accomplished. And a two-mode one-port temporal coupled mode theory supported by full-wave simulations can explain the underlying physics of the designed independent phase modulation. The research findings mentioned above established the possibility for plasmonic integration as well as the design of multi-functional devices such as gradient metasurfaces and temperature-controlled switches.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Tianrui Pan

School of Physics and Electronic Information & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
Yuan Pei

School of Physics and Electronic Information & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
Maosheng Wang

School of Physics and Electronic Information & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
Xiaojuan Xie

School of Physics and Electronic Information & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
Wanxia Huang

School of Physics and Electronic Information & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Tianrui Pan, Yuan Pei, Maosheng Wang, Xiaojuan Xie, Wanxia Huang. (2021). Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 9(4), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Tianrui Pan; Yuan Pei; Maosheng Wang; Xiaojuan Xie; Wanxia Huang. Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2021, 9(4), 88-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Tianrui Pan, Yuan Pei, Maosheng Wang, Xiaojuan Xie, Wanxia Huang. Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling. Am J Phys Appl. 2021;9(4):88-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13,
  author = {Tianrui Pan and Yuan Pei and Maosheng Wang and Xiaojuan Xie and Wanxia Huang},
  title = {Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {88-93},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20210904.13},
  abstract = {Metasurfaces in a metal–semiconductor–metal configuration have been studied in multiple contexts, including perfect absorption and phase modulation. Nevertheless, limit progress has been achieved in independent phase modulation. To study further in this work, a metasurface composed of an Au film/ VO2 film/ Au patch array with square holes was proposed in this paper. Through simulating and analysing the optical properties, simulated results indicated that an extremely switchable function can be realized by modulating the phase transition of VO2, when VO2 was in the metal (semiconductor) phase, the whole structure represented as ON (OFF) state. Additionally, the efficient modulation depth is approximately 99.6% for the y-polarization at a wavelength of 2.019 µm. What’s more, by modulating symmetry-breaking of the structure or polarization, an extreme reflection phase change can been applied. As for the former, by adjusting the asymmetry degreed, the reflection phase can change from less than 180° to nearly 360°, and for the latter, the adjustment in polarization resulted in a phase change of nearly 180° for the x-polarization and nearly 360° for the y-polarization. While the amplitude remained almost constant at the corresponding wavelength. That is to say, an independent regulation of amplitude and phase was accomplished. And a two-mode one-port temporal coupled mode theory supported by full-wave simulations can explain the underlying physics of the designed independent phase modulation. The research findings mentioned above established the possibility for plasmonic integration as well as the design of multi-functional devices such as gradient metasurfaces and temperature-controlled switches.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Independent Modulation of the Phase and Amplitude of Electromagnetic Waves Based on the Phase Change of VO2 and Mode Coupling
AU  - Tianrui Pan
AU  - Yuan Pei
AU  - Maosheng Wang
AU  - Xiaojuan Xie
AU  - Wanxia Huang
Y1  - 2021/08/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 88
EP  - 93
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210904.13
AB  - Metasurfaces in a metal–semiconductor–metal configuration have been studied in multiple contexts, including perfect absorption and phase modulation. Nevertheless, limit progress has been achieved in independent phase modulation. To study further in this work, a metasurface composed of an Au film/ VO2 film/ Au patch array with square holes was proposed in this paper. Through simulating and analysing the optical properties, simulated results indicated that an extremely switchable function can be realized by modulating the phase transition of VO2, when VO2 was in the metal (semiconductor) phase, the whole structure represented as ON (OFF) state. Additionally, the efficient modulation depth is approximately 99.6% for the y-polarization at a wavelength of 2.019 µm. What’s more, by modulating symmetry-breaking of the structure or polarization, an extreme reflection phase change can been applied. As for the former, by adjusting the asymmetry degreed, the reflection phase can change from less than 180° to nearly 360°, and for the latter, the adjustment in polarization resulted in a phase change of nearly 180° for the x-polarization and nearly 360° for the y-polarization. While the amplitude remained almost constant at the corresponding wavelength. That is to say, an independent regulation of amplitude and phase was accomplished. And a two-mode one-port temporal coupled mode theory supported by full-wave simulations can explain the underlying physics of the designed independent phase modulation. The research findings mentioned above established the possibility for plasmonic integration as well as the design of multi-functional devices such as gradient metasurfaces and temperature-controlled switches.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download