Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier

Nzihou Jean Fidele; Hamidou Salou; Imbga Kossi; Segda Bila Gerard; Ouattara Frederic; Tiemtore Hamadou

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12

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Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier

Nzihou Jean Fidele, Hamidou Salou, Imbga Kossi, Segda Bila Gerard, Ouattara Frederic, Tiemtore Hamadou

Published in American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 3)

Received: 9 June 2023 Accepted: 10 July 2023 Published: 20 July 2023

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Abstract

Gasification, a thermochemical process that takes place in gasifiers, is now understood as a process of transforming the solid components of biomass into combustible gases essentially consisting of carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2). This technology is relatively old and was widely used during the Second World War to deal with the shortage of fossil fuels in Europe. Although gasification was abandoned in favor of oil after the Second World War, this process is experiencing a great revival of interest today for the decentralized production of energy and for covering the energy needs of the disadvantaged strata in the developing countries. We aim to experiment with small-scale gasifiers with three objectives: to produce electrical energy, to improve the energy efficiency of biomass gasifiers and to do so essentially with materials accessible on the market in developing countries at affordable costs. In this study, we successfully designed, fabricated and tested a heat recovery system from a downdraft gasifier fueled with wood chunks. The gasifier use material finds at an affordable cost. Our downdraft gasifiers have a throat which is the hottest part of the apparatus. Almost all designers insulate the throat mainly for safety, environmental protection and efficiency considerations. Instead of insulating the throat, we designed a heat recovery system surrounding the throat and generated electrical power from high pressure water vapor produced from that throat. This recovered energy is a bonus energy from a downdraft gasifier and should be added to the gasifier energy balance, thus increase the overall efficiency This led us to supplemental electrical power generation from this type of gasifiers.

Published in	American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12
Page(s)	133-140
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Downdraft Gasifier, Heat Recovery, Electrical Power

References

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[2]	T. B Reed and A Das, Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems, Solar Energy Research Institute p. 33, 1950. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/3022.pdf, accessed 06 january 2023.
[3]	Hasan, J., Keshwani, D. R., Carter, S. F., Treasure, T. H., 2010. Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Power and Fuels. In Cheng J. (Ed.), Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 437-489.
[4]	A. Demirbas, “Combustion characteristics of different biomass fuels,” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 219–230, 2004.
[5]	T. A. Milne, N. Abatzoglou, R. J. Evans, Biomass Gasifier “Tars”: Their Nature, Formation, and conversion. NREL/TP-570- 255357 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Colorado, USA November 1998.
[6]	T. B Reed and A Das, Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems, Solar Energy Research Institute, p. 122, 1950. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/3022.pdf, accessed 06 January 2023.
[7]	P. E. Akhator, A. I. Obanor and E. G. Sadjere, Design and development of a small-scale biomass downdraft gasifier, Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH) Vol. 38, No. 4, October 2019, pp. 922–930 Print ISSN: 0331-8443, Electronic ISSN: 2467-8821 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v38i4.15
[8]	H. S. Mukunda, S. Dasappa, P. J. Paul, N. K. S. Rajan, and U. Shrinivasa, “Gasifiers and combustors for biomass - technology and field studies,” Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 27-38, 1994.
[9]	Alexandre LALEYE et Cheick O. SANOU, «Modélisation et régulation d'une turbine à vapeur dans une centrale thermique», d’ingénieur de conception, UNIVERSITE CHEIKH ANTA DIOP, 128p, 2005.
[10]	MAZIGHI SIDALI ET HOCINE MOHAMED, «Etude et Simulation des défauts d’excitation d’un groupe turbine-alternateur 32 MVA», mémoire de master, Université SAAD DAHLAB de BLIDA, (2018), P21-22.
[11]	François J., Abdelouahed L., Mauviel G., Feidt M., Rogaume C., Mirgaux O., Patisson F. and Dufour A., (2012), Estimation of the energy efficiency of a wood gasification CHP plant using Aspen Plus, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 29, 769-774.
[12]	Le Minh Nhut, Young-Sub Moon, Youn Cheol Park. A Study on Energy Optimization of Heat Exchangers in a Gasification System. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications. Vol. 4, No. 3, 2016, pp. 123-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20160403.14.
[13]	Henriksen, U. B., Ahrenfeldt, J., Jensen, T. K., Gøbel, B., Bentzen, J. D., Hindsgaul, C., & Sørensen, L. H. (2003). The Design, Construction and Operation of a 75 kW Two-Stage Gasifier. In The 16. International Conference of Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation, and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, ECOS 2003 (pp. 1081-1088). Technical University of Denmark.
[14]	Abubakar A. Bukar, M. Ben Oumarou2, Babagana M. Tela, Abubakar M. Eljummah Assessment of Biomass Gasification: A Review of Basic Design Considerations American Journal of Energy Research, 2019, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1-14.
[15]	Moriconia N., Larancia P., D’Amicoa M., Bartocci P., D'Alessandroa B., Cintib G., Baldinellib A., Discepolib G., Bidinic G., Desideric U., Cotanaa F. and Fantozzic F. Design and Preliminary Operation of a Gasification Plant for Micro-CHP with Internal Combustion Engine and SOFC. ELSEVIER, 69th Conference of the Italian Thermal Engineering Association. Energy Procedia 81, Pp. 298-308, 2014.
[16]	M. A. Chawdhurya and K. Mahkamovb. Development of a Small Downdraft Biomass Gasifier for Developing Countries. JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 51-64 (2011) www.banglajol.info/index.php/JSR

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APA Style

Nzihou Jean Fidele, Hamidou Salou, Imbga Kossi, Segda Bila Gerard, Ouattara Frederic, et al. (2023). Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12

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ACS Style

Nzihou Jean Fidele; Hamidou Salou; Imbga Kossi; Segda Bila Gerard; Ouattara Frederic, et al. Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2023, 8(3), 133-140. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12

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AMA Style

Nzihou Jean Fidele, Hamidou Salou, Imbga Kossi, Segda Bila Gerard, Ouattara Frederic, et al. Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2023;8(3):133-140. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12,
  author = {Nzihou Jean Fidele and Hamidou Salou and Imbga Kossi and Segda Bila Gerard and Ouattara Frederic and Tiemtore Hamadou},
  title = {Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier},
  journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {133-140},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20230803.12},
  abstract = {Gasification, a thermochemical process that takes place in gasifiers, is now understood as a process of transforming the solid components of biomass into combustible gases essentially consisting of carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2). This technology is relatively old and was widely used during the Second World War to deal with the shortage of fossil fuels in Europe. Although gasification was abandoned in favor of oil after the Second World War, this process is experiencing a great revival of interest today for the decentralized production of energy and for covering the energy needs of the disadvantaged strata in the developing countries. We aim to experiment with small-scale gasifiers with three objectives: to produce electrical energy, to improve the energy efficiency of biomass gasifiers and to do so essentially with materials accessible on the market in developing countries at affordable costs. In this study, we successfully designed, fabricated and tested a heat recovery system from a downdraft gasifier fueled with wood chunks. The gasifier use material finds at an affordable cost. Our downdraft gasifiers have a throat which is the hottest part of the apparatus. Almost all designers insulate the throat mainly for safety, environmental protection and efficiency considerations. Instead of insulating the throat, we designed a heat recovery system surrounding the throat and generated electrical power from high pressure water vapor produced from that throat. This recovered energy is a bonus energy from a downdraft gasifier and should be added to the gasifier energy balance, thus increase the overall efficiency This led us to supplemental electrical power generation from this type of gasifiers.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier
AU  - Nzihou Jean Fidele
AU  - Hamidou Salou
AU  - Imbga Kossi
AU  - Segda Bila Gerard
AU  - Ouattara Frederic
AU  - Tiemtore Hamadou
Y1  - 2023/07/20
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12
T2  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
SP  - 133
EP  - 140
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8353
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12
AB  - Gasification, a thermochemical process that takes place in gasifiers, is now understood as a process of transforming the solid components of biomass into combustible gases essentially consisting of carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2). This technology is relatively old and was widely used during the Second World War to deal with the shortage of fossil fuels in Europe. Although gasification was abandoned in favor of oil after the Second World War, this process is experiencing a great revival of interest today for the decentralized production of energy and for covering the energy needs of the disadvantaged strata in the developing countries. We aim to experiment with small-scale gasifiers with three objectives: to produce electrical energy, to improve the energy efficiency of biomass gasifiers and to do so essentially with materials accessible on the market in developing countries at affordable costs. In this study, we successfully designed, fabricated and tested a heat recovery system from a downdraft gasifier fueled with wood chunks. The gasifier use material finds at an affordable cost. Our downdraft gasifiers have a throat which is the hottest part of the apparatus. Almost all designers insulate the throat mainly for safety, environmental protection and efficiency considerations. Instead of insulating the throat, we designed a heat recovery system surrounding the throat and generated electrical power from high pressure water vapor produced from that throat. This recovered energy is a bonus energy from a downdraft gasifier and should be added to the gasifier energy balance, thus increase the overall efficiency This led us to supplemental electrical power generation from this type of gasifiers.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Nzihou Jean Fidele

Analytical Chemistry, Spatial Physics and Energetic Laboratory, Norbert Zongo University, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
Hamidou Salou

Catholic University of West Africa, Academic University at Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Imbga Kossi

Analytical Chemistry, Spatial Physics and Energetic Laboratory, Norbert Zongo University, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
Segda Bila Gerard

Environnemental Physic and Chemistry Laboratory, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Ouattara Frederic

Analytical Chemistry, Spatial Physics and Energetic Laboratory, Norbert Zongo University, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
Tiemtore Hamadou

Analytical Chemistry, Spatial Physics and Energetic Laboratory, Norbert Zongo University, Koudougou, Burkina Faso

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APA Style

Nzihou Jean Fidele, Hamidou Salou, Imbga Kossi, Segda Bila Gerard, Ouattara Frederic, et al. (2023). Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12

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ACS Style

Nzihou Jean Fidele; Hamidou Salou; Imbga Kossi; Segda Bila Gerard; Ouattara Frederic, et al. Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2023, 8(3), 133-140. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12

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AMA Style

Nzihou Jean Fidele, Hamidou Salou, Imbga Kossi, Segda Bila Gerard, Ouattara Frederic, et al. Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2023;8(3):133-140. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12,
  author = {Nzihou Jean Fidele and Hamidou Salou and Imbga Kossi and Segda Bila Gerard and Ouattara Frederic and Tiemtore Hamadou},
  title = {Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier},
  journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {133-140},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20230803.12},
  abstract = {Gasification, a thermochemical process that takes place in gasifiers, is now understood as a process of transforming the solid components of biomass into combustible gases essentially consisting of carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2). This technology is relatively old and was widely used during the Second World War to deal with the shortage of fossil fuels in Europe. Although gasification was abandoned in favor of oil after the Second World War, this process is experiencing a great revival of interest today for the decentralized production of energy and for covering the energy needs of the disadvantaged strata in the developing countries. We aim to experiment with small-scale gasifiers with three objectives: to produce electrical energy, to improve the energy efficiency of biomass gasifiers and to do so essentially with materials accessible on the market in developing countries at affordable costs. In this study, we successfully designed, fabricated and tested a heat recovery system from a downdraft gasifier fueled with wood chunks. The gasifier use material finds at an affordable cost. Our downdraft gasifiers have a throat which is the hottest part of the apparatus. Almost all designers insulate the throat mainly for safety, environmental protection and efficiency considerations. Instead of insulating the throat, we designed a heat recovery system surrounding the throat and generated electrical power from high pressure water vapor produced from that throat. This recovered energy is a bonus energy from a downdraft gasifier and should be added to the gasifier energy balance, thus increase the overall efficiency This led us to supplemental electrical power generation from this type of gasifiers.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Electrical Power Generation from Heat Recovered at the Throat of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier
AU  - Nzihou Jean Fidele
AU  - Hamidou Salou
AU  - Imbga Kossi
AU  - Segda Bila Gerard
AU  - Ouattara Frederic
AU  - Tiemtore Hamadou
Y1  - 2023/07/20
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12
T2  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
SP  - 133
EP  - 140
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8353
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.12
AB  - Gasification, a thermochemical process that takes place in gasifiers, is now understood as a process of transforming the solid components of biomass into combustible gases essentially consisting of carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2). This technology is relatively old and was widely used during the Second World War to deal with the shortage of fossil fuels in Europe. Although gasification was abandoned in favor of oil after the Second World War, this process is experiencing a great revival of interest today for the decentralized production of energy and for covering the energy needs of the disadvantaged strata in the developing countries. We aim to experiment with small-scale gasifiers with three objectives: to produce electrical energy, to improve the energy efficiency of biomass gasifiers and to do so essentially with materials accessible on the market in developing countries at affordable costs. In this study, we successfully designed, fabricated and tested a heat recovery system from a downdraft gasifier fueled with wood chunks. The gasifier use material finds at an affordable cost. Our downdraft gasifiers have a throat which is the hottest part of the apparatus. Almost all designers insulate the throat mainly for safety, environmental protection and efficiency considerations. Instead of insulating the throat, we designed a heat recovery system surrounding the throat and generated electrical power from high pressure water vapor produced from that throat. This recovered energy is a bonus energy from a downdraft gasifier and should be added to the gasifier energy balance, thus increase the overall efficiency This led us to supplemental electrical power generation from this type of gasifiers.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download