Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin

Karga Tapsia Lionel; Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime; Noel Konai; Ndiwe Benoit; Tawe Laynde; Njom Abel; Danwe Raidandi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13

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Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin

Karga Tapsia Lionel, Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime, Noel Konai, Ndiwe Benoit, Tawe Laynde, Njom Abel, Danwe Raidandi

Published in Composite Materials (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 17 June 2023 Accepted: 10 July 2023 Published: 20 July 2023

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Abstract

The aim of this work is to valorize local materials and to replace synthetic resins in the wood industry with biodegradable resins made from renewable resources such as the dry stems of herbaceous plants. Klason extracted the gramineae stem’s lignins of Andropogon gayanus and Sorghum bicolor and then Soda methods then characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectra in the 4000 and 400 cm^-1 range. Their decompositions were studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis. Their yield from lignins extractions are respectively 19.26% and 24.9%. Guaiacyl, Syringyl, p-hydroxyphenylpropane, phenols and secondary alcohols are present in these lignins. The gel times of their adhesive using paraformaldehyde as hardener decreases as the pH increases. At pH=12, these gel time values are, respectively 6.6 and 7 minutes. These lignins begin to decompose at 291°C. The Modulus of elasticity was studied by thermomechanical analysis and wood particleboards were prepared bonded with these resins. The stiffness of Andropogon gayanus lignin resin is better than that of Sorghum bicolor (4339.08 > 3767.87MPa). The Internal Bond strength of Particleboards manufactured with 10% of total adhesive solids on dry wood particles are respectively 0.37 and 0.41 MPa. These two lignins are good for wood adhesives. The average MOR and MOE values for the manufactured Andropogon gayanus and Sorghum Bicolor particleboards are respectively 14.51MPa and 1850.6MPa and 16.5MPa and 2053.4MPa. The manufactured particleboards have a low resistance to humidity and that they can only be used in a dry environment.

Published in	Composite Materials (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13
Page(s)	19-27
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Andropogon Gayanus, Sorghum Bicolor, Lignin, Extract, Adhesives, Thermomechanical Analysis, Particleboards, Mechanical Characteristics

References

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[2]	Paola Navarrete., H. R. Mansouri, A. Pizzi et al. Wood Panel Adhesives from Low Molecular Mass Lignin and Tannin without Synthetic Resins. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology; 2010, 24: 8-10, 1597-1610.
[3]	Pizzi A. Recent development in eco – efficient bio – based adhesives for wood bonding: opportunities and issues. J Adhesion Scie Technol; 2006, 20 (8): 829-846.
[4]	Dereca Watkins, Md. Nuruddin, Mahesh Hosur, et al. Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources. Journal of materials research and technology; 2015, 4 (1): 26–32.
[5]	Xu Feng, Jin-Xia Sun, Run Cang Sun, et al. Comparative study of organosolv lignins from wheat straw. Industrial Crops and Products; 2006, 23 180–193.
[6]	Nuruddin M, Chowdhury A, Haque S, et al. Extraction and characterization of cellulose microfibrils from agricultural wastes in an integrated biorefinery initiative. Biomaterials; 2011, 3: 5–6.
[7]	El Hage, R.; Brosse, N.; Navarrete, P, et al. Extraction, characterization and utilization of Organosolv Miscanthus Lignin for the conception of Environmentally Friendly Mixed Tannin/Lignin Wood Resins. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol.; 2011, 25, 1549–1560.
[8]	Prajakta Dongre, Mark Driscoll, Thomas Amidon, et al. Lignin-Furfural Based Adhesives Energies; 2015, 8 (8), 7897–7914.
[9]	Constant S, Basset C, Dumas C, et al. Reactive organosolv lignin extraction from wheat straw: Influence of Lewis acid catalysts on structural and chemical properties of lignins. Ind. Crops Prod.; 2015, 65, 180–189.
[10]	Bernard Monties. Dosage de la lignine insoluble en milieu acide: influence du pretraitement par hydrolyse acide sur la lignine Klason de bois et de paille. Agronomie, EDP Sciences; 1984, 4 (4), pp. 387–392.
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[13]	Nadji H., P. N. Diouf, A. Benaboura, et al. Comparative study of lignins isolated from Alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima L.); 2009, Bioresource Technology 100; 3585–3592.
[14]	BS EN 317 (993) Particleboards and fibreboards. Determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in water. ISBN: 0 580 21136 3.
[15]	BS EN 310 (1993) Wood-based panels-Determination of modulus of elasticity in bending and of bending strength. ISBN: 0 580 21056 1.
[16]	Abdul Awal, Mohini Sain. Spectroscopic Studies and Evaluation of thermorheological properties of softwood and hard wood Lignin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science; 2011, 956-963.
[17]	Tejado A, Pena C, Labidi J, et al. Physico-chemicalcharacterization of lignins from different sources for use in phenol–formaldehyde resin synthesis. Bioresource Technology; 2007, 98, 1655–1663.
[18]	El Hage Roland, Nicolas Brosse, Laurent Chrusciel, et al. Characterization of milled wood lignin and ethanol organosolv lignin from miscanthus. Polymer Degradation and Stability; 2009, volume 94Pages 1632-16381632-1638.
[19]	Amine Moubarik, Nabil Grimi, Nadia Boussetta, et al. Isolation and characterization of lignin from Moroccan sugar cane bagasse: Production of lignin–phenol-formaldehyde wood adhesive Industrial. Crops and Products; 2013, 45 296 – 302.
[20]	Faix O. Classification of Lignins from Different Botanical Origins by FT-IR Spectroscopy. International Journal of the Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Technology of Wood; 1991, 45. s1.21.
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APA Style

Karga Tapsia Lionel, Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime, Noel Konai, Ndiwe Benoit, Tawe Laynde, et al. (2023). Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin. Composite Materials, 7(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13

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ACS Style

Karga Tapsia Lionel; Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime; Noel Konai; Ndiwe Benoit; Tawe Laynde, et al. Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin. Compos. Mater. 2023, 7(1), 19-27. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13

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AMA Style

Karga Tapsia Lionel, Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime, Noel Konai, Ndiwe Benoit, Tawe Laynde, et al. Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin. Compos Mater. 2023;7(1):19-27. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13

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@article{10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13,
  author = {Karga Tapsia Lionel and Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime and Noel Konai and Ndiwe Benoit and Tawe Laynde and Njom Abel and Danwe Raidandi},
  title = {Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20230701.13},
  abstract = {The aim of this work is to valorize local materials and to replace synthetic resins in the wood industry with biodegradable resins made from renewable resources such as the dry stems of herbaceous plants. Klason extracted the gramineae stem’s lignins of Andropogon gayanus and Sorghum bicolor and then Soda methods then characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectra in the 4000 and 400 cm-1 range. Their decompositions were studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis. Their yield from lignins extractions are respectively 19.26% and 24.9%. Guaiacyl, Syringyl, p-hydroxyphenylpropane, phenols and secondary alcohols are present in these lignins. The gel times of their adhesive using paraformaldehyde as hardener decreases as the pH increases. At pH=12, these gel time values are, respectively 6.6 and 7 minutes. These lignins begin to decompose at 291°C. The Modulus of elasticity was studied by thermomechanical analysis and wood particleboards were prepared bonded with these resins. The stiffness of Andropogon gayanus lignin resin is better than that of Sorghum bicolor (4339.08 > 3767.87MPa). The Internal Bond strength of Particleboards manufactured with 10% of total adhesive solids on dry wood particles are respectively 0.37 and 0.41 MPa. These two lignins are good for wood adhesives. The average MOR and MOE values for the manufactured Andropogon gayanus and Sorghum Bicolor particleboards are respectively 14.51MPa and 1850.6MPa and 16.5MPa and 2053.4MPa. The manufactured particleboards have a low resistance to humidity and that they can only be used in a dry environment.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin
AU - Karga Tapsia Lionel
AU - Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime
AU - Noel Konai
AU - Ndiwe Benoit
AU - Tawe Laynde
AU - Njom Abel
AU - Danwe Raidandi
Y1 - 2023/07/20
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13
DO - 10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13
T2 - Composite Materials
JF - Composite Materials
JO - Composite Materials
SP - 19
EP - 27
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2994-7103
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13
AB - The aim of this work is to valorize local materials and to replace synthetic resins in the wood industry with biodegradable resins made from renewable resources such as the dry stems of herbaceous plants. Klason extracted the gramineae stem’s lignins of Andropogon gayanus and Sorghum bicolor and then Soda methods then characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectra in the 4000 and 400 cm-1 range. Their decompositions were studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis. Their yield from lignins extractions are respectively 19.26% and 24.9%. Guaiacyl, Syringyl, p-hydroxyphenylpropane, phenols and secondary alcohols are present in these lignins. The gel times of their adhesive using paraformaldehyde as hardener decreases as the pH increases. At pH=12, these gel time values are, respectively 6.6 and 7 minutes. These lignins begin to decompose at 291°C. The Modulus of elasticity was studied by thermomechanical analysis and wood particleboards were prepared bonded with these resins. The stiffness of Andropogon gayanus lignin resin is better than that of Sorghum bicolor (4339.08 > 3767.87MPa). The Internal Bond strength of Particleboards manufactured with 10% of total adhesive solids on dry wood particles are respectively 0.37 and 0.41 MPa. These two lignins are good for wood adhesives. The average MOR and MOE values for the manufactured Andropogon gayanus and Sorghum Bicolor particleboards are respectively 14.51MPa and 1850.6MPa and 16.5MPa and 2053.4MPa. The manufactured particleboards have a low resistance to humidity and that they can only be used in a dry environment.
VL - 7
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Karga Tapsia Lionel

Department of Mechanical Petroleum and Gas Engineering, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime

Department of Mechanical Petroleum and Gas Engineering, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Noel Konai

Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Ndiwe Benoit

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higher Technical Teacher Training College Douala (ENSET), University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Tawe Laynde

Department of Wood Construction, University Institute for Wood Technology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Njom Abel

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higher Technical Teacher Training College Douala (ENSET), University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Danwe Raidandi

Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Karga Tapsia Lionel, Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime, Noel Konai, Ndiwe Benoit, Tawe Laynde, et al. (2023). Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin. Composite Materials, 7(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13

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ACS Style

Karga Tapsia Lionel; Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime; Noel Konai; Ndiwe Benoit; Tawe Laynde, et al. Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin. Compos. Mater. 2023, 7(1), 19-27. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13

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AMA Style

Karga Tapsia Lionel, Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime, Noel Konai, Ndiwe Benoit, Tawe Laynde, et al. Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin. Compos Mater. 2023;7(1):19-27. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13

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@article{10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13,
  author = {Karga Tapsia Lionel and Dawoua Kaoutoing Maxime and Noel Konai and Ndiwe Benoit and Tawe Laynde and Njom Abel and Danwe Raidandi},
  title = {Mechanical Potential of Adhesives Elaborated with the Gramineae Stem Lignin},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20230701.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20230701.13},
  abstract = {The aim of this work is to valorize local materials and to replace synthetic resins in the wood industry with biodegradable resins made from renewable resources such as the dry stems of herbaceous plants. Klason extracted the gramineae stem’s lignins of Andropogon gayanus and Sorghum bicolor and then Soda methods then characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectra in the 4000 and 400 cm-1 range. Their decompositions were studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis. Their yield from lignins extractions are respectively 19.26% and 24.9%. Guaiacyl, Syringyl, p-hydroxyphenylpropane, phenols and secondary alcohols are present in these lignins. The gel times of their adhesive using paraformaldehyde as hardener decreases as the pH increases. At pH=12, these gel time values are, respectively 6.6 and 7 minutes. These lignins begin to decompose at 291°C. The Modulus of elasticity was studied by thermomechanical analysis and wood particleboards were prepared bonded with these resins. The stiffness of Andropogon gayanus lignin resin is better than that of Sorghum bicolor (4339.08 > 3767.87MPa). The Internal Bond strength of Particleboards manufactured with 10% of total adhesive solids on dry wood particles are respectively 0.37 and 0.41 MPa. These two lignins are good for wood adhesives. The average MOR and MOE values for the manufactured Andropogon gayanus and Sorghum Bicolor particleboards are respectively 14.51MPa and 1850.6MPa and 16.5MPa and 2053.4MPa. The manufactured particleboards have a low resistance to humidity and that they can only be used in a dry environment.},
 year = {2023}
}

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