Maize common smut assessment survey was conducted in the five districts of west and kellem Wollega zones namely Dale Sadi, Gimbi, Haru, Homa and Lalo Kile in 2015 during crop season. Among all cereals, maize is second to tef in area coverage in Ethiopia, but first in productivity and total production. Maize smut was seen as an outbreak at Kellam Wollega although it was not well known so before. The survey was conducted in 36 peasant associations (PA) and 67 fields in the five districts of the two zones. Stratified sampling technique was applied in the survey. Peasant association were randomly selected from all Districts and was based on randomly selected maize farm fields. The locations in each Peasant association were at least 4 km (by car speedometer) apart depend on the topography and the relative importance of maize production. The common smut surveyed was moved diagonally “X” shape from one angle to other angle points using 3m x 3m (9 m2) quadrates. Prevalence of maize common smut was 100% in all the districts and the exotic disease species have recently been introduced to the two Zones. This common maize smut was how to introduce not well known. The lowest and highest disease incidence recorded in Haru and Dale Sadi 14.65% and 22.99%, respectively. Dale sadi was recorded the highest average severity of 23.55%, followed by Lalo Kile District with an average severity of 21.7% and the Haru District with lowest disease severity record of 16.21%. The linear regression showed that highly significant different (p<0.01) and for each 100 m decrease in altitude disease incidence and severity of maize smut at (dough stage) increase by 0.212% and 0.232% respectively. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of maize common smut species in two Zones.
| Published in | European Journal of Biophysics (Volume 9, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11 |
| Page(s) | 48-54 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Ustilago maydis, Maize Common Smut, Distribution, Status
| [1] | FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization/Statistics). 2012. Statistical Database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org [Online]. |
| [2] | Dredge, R. D. 2004. Assessment of current economic and physical environment of agriculture. Executive Summary. http://www.nda.agric.za. Accessed: 24/07/2005. |
| [3] | CSA (Central Statistics Agency). 2014. Agricultural Sample Survey 2013/2014 (2006 E. C.). Volume I. Report on Area and Production of Major Crops (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season). Statistical Bulletin 532, Addis Ababa. |
| [4] | CSA (Centeral Statistical Agency), 2010. Report on area and production of major crops (privat peasant holdings, meher season). Statistical Bulletin, 1 (528): 10-14. |
| [5] | CSA (Central Statistics Agency), 2018 Agricultural sampling survey. Report on area and production for major crops. Private peasant holdings (Meher season) statical bulletins no 586 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
| [6] | Abu Tefera (2013). Annual report of grain and feed. USDA Foreign Agricultural service. Global Agricultural information network. 15 march 2013, reported no. 1301 Ethiopia. |
| [7] | Mosisa Werku, Legese Welde, Prafina, WendeAbera D, Birhanu 2001. Proceeding of the National maize workshop of Ethiopia 12-16 Nov. 2001 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
| [8] | Wolfe T K. and Kipps M S. (2004). field crop, reprint publication G-432, Nehru colony Dehrandu-248001 (INDIA). |
| [9] | Johnson IJ, Christensen JJ (1935) Relation between number, size and location of smut infections to reduction in yield of corn. Phytopathology 25: 223-233. |
| [10] | Wheeler, B. E. J. 1969. An Introduction to plant diseases. Wiley and Sons, London. 374 pp. |
| [11] | K. Starr Chester (2006). Nature and prevention of plant disease. Jodhpur-342 001 (India) second edition. |
| [12] | Agrios GN (2004) Plant Pathology. 5th ed. Burlington, USA: Academic Press. |
APA Style
Abay Guta, Urgessa Tilahun. (2021). Distribution and Status of Maize Common Smut (Ustilago maydis) at West Wollega, Ethiopia. European Journal of Biophysics, 9(2), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11
ACS Style
Abay Guta; Urgessa Tilahun. Distribution and Status of Maize Common Smut (Ustilago maydis) at West Wollega, Ethiopia. Eur. J. Biophys. 2021, 9(2), 48-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11
AMA Style
Abay Guta, Urgessa Tilahun. Distribution and Status of Maize Common Smut (Ustilago maydis) at West Wollega, Ethiopia. Eur J Biophys. 2021;9(2):48-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11,
author = {Abay Guta and Urgessa Tilahun},
title = {Distribution and Status of Maize Common Smut (Ustilago maydis) at West Wollega, Ethiopia},
journal = {European Journal of Biophysics},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {48-54},
doi = {10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejb.20210902.11},
abstract = {Maize common smut assessment survey was conducted in the five districts of west and kellem Wollega zones namely Dale Sadi, Gimbi, Haru, Homa and Lalo Kile in 2015 during crop season. Among all cereals, maize is second to tef in area coverage in Ethiopia, but first in productivity and total production. Maize smut was seen as an outbreak at Kellam Wollega although it was not well known so before. The survey was conducted in 36 peasant associations (PA) and 67 fields in the five districts of the two zones. Stratified sampling technique was applied in the survey. Peasant association were randomly selected from all Districts and was based on randomly selected maize farm fields. The locations in each Peasant association were at least 4 km (by car speedometer) apart depend on the topography and the relative importance of maize production. The common smut surveyed was moved diagonally “X” shape from one angle to other angle points using 3m x 3m (9 m2) quadrates. Prevalence of maize common smut was 100% in all the districts and the exotic disease species have recently been introduced to the two Zones. This common maize smut was how to introduce not well known. The lowest and highest disease incidence recorded in Haru and Dale Sadi 14.65% and 22.99%, respectively. Dale sadi was recorded the highest average severity of 23.55%, followed by Lalo Kile District with an average severity of 21.7% and the Haru District with lowest disease severity record of 16.21%. The linear regression showed that highly significant different (p<0.01) and for each 100 m decrease in altitude disease incidence and severity of maize smut at (dough stage) increase by 0.212% and 0.232% respectively. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of maize common smut species in two Zones.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and Status of Maize Common Smut (Ustilago maydis) at West Wollega, Ethiopia AU - Abay Guta AU - Urgessa Tilahun Y1 - 2021/08/18 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11 T2 - European Journal of Biophysics JF - European Journal of Biophysics JO - European Journal of Biophysics SP - 48 EP - 54 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2329-1737 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20210902.11 AB - Maize common smut assessment survey was conducted in the five districts of west and kellem Wollega zones namely Dale Sadi, Gimbi, Haru, Homa and Lalo Kile in 2015 during crop season. Among all cereals, maize is second to tef in area coverage in Ethiopia, but first in productivity and total production. Maize smut was seen as an outbreak at Kellam Wollega although it was not well known so before. The survey was conducted in 36 peasant associations (PA) and 67 fields in the five districts of the two zones. Stratified sampling technique was applied in the survey. Peasant association were randomly selected from all Districts and was based on randomly selected maize farm fields. The locations in each Peasant association were at least 4 km (by car speedometer) apart depend on the topography and the relative importance of maize production. The common smut surveyed was moved diagonally “X” shape from one angle to other angle points using 3m x 3m (9 m2) quadrates. Prevalence of maize common smut was 100% in all the districts and the exotic disease species have recently been introduced to the two Zones. This common maize smut was how to introduce not well known. The lowest and highest disease incidence recorded in Haru and Dale Sadi 14.65% and 22.99%, respectively. Dale sadi was recorded the highest average severity of 23.55%, followed by Lalo Kile District with an average severity of 21.7% and the Haru District with lowest disease severity record of 16.21%. The linear regression showed that highly significant different (p<0.01) and for each 100 m decrease in altitude disease incidence and severity of maize smut at (dough stage) increase by 0.212% and 0.232% respectively. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of maize common smut species in two Zones. VL - 9 IS - 2 ER -
Information
Email: