Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration

Ignatiev Sergei; Alekseev Igor; Nam Yuliya

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13

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Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration

Ignatiev Sergei, Alekseev Igor, Nam Yuliya

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 17 September 2018 Accepted: 24 October 2018 Published: 14 November 2018

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Abstract

Last years pathological processes of the retina became a worldwide problem among people of different ages and this group includes a various number of central retinal degenerations. There is a vivid tendency for these types of diseases to become younger last years. Such changes are the most common reasons of vision loss, especially age-related macular degeneration and its exudative form. Recent studies show that this form of AMD is linked not only with aging, weakness of the vessels and free radical oxidation, but also with non-specific immune stimulation and the potential role as a trigger of cytomegalovirus infection. No wonder, that chronic infection of endothelial cells leads to attracting to inflammation region of macrophages, their adhesion and synthesis of anti-inflammation cytokines and after all if stimulates formation or activation of CNV. Some pathogenetic peculiarities, methods of treatment and medical expertise are described in this article. Still, they are in the first rate in studies of ophthalmologists all over the world. Social meaning of this pathology is important due to the developing of disability in population and especially in military personnel. The article provides chronic, difficult curable or incurable diseases and outcomes of injuries and burns of the eyes. The matter is that in cases with a completed process or a progressing course with rare exacerbations (less than 2 times per year), the category of fitness for military service is determined depending on the eye functions strictly in accordance with the relevant articles of the disease schedule.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13
Page(s)	68-72
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Medical Expertise, Military Expetise

References

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[2]	M. M. Bikbov, R. R. Fajzrahmanov, A. L. Jarmukhametova. “Age-related macular degeneration”, Moscow: Aprel'; 2013.
[3]	N. D. Yushchuk, Y. Y. Vengerov. “Infectious diseases: national guidance”, Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009.
[4]	V. A. Isakov, S. B. Rybalkin., M. G. Romantsov, “Herpesviral infection”, Guidiance for doctors, St. Petersburg; 2006.
[5]	S. A. Korotkikh, E. S. Knyazeva, L. V. Spiridonova, “Combined revascularization in dystrophic retinal diseases”, Macula 2006: Thesis in collection of reports in the II All Russian seminar - "round table". Rostov-on-Don, 2006. pp. 337-339.
[6]	E. S. Liebman, P. A. Tolmachev, E. V. Shakhova, “Epidemiological characteristics of disability due to the main forms of maculopathies”, Macula 2006: Thesis in collection of reports in the II All Russian seminar - "round table". Rostov-on-Don, 2006. pp. 15-17.
[7]	D. K. Lvov, “A guide to virology”. Moscow: Medical Information Agency (MIA)"; 2013.
[8]	L. K. Moshetova, A. P. Nesterov, E. A. Egorov, eds, “Age-related macular degeneration. Clinical guidelines. Ophthalmology”, Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2006.
[9]	A. Rabson, A. Roit., P. Delves, “Fundamentals of Medical Immunology”. Moscow: Mir Publishing House; 2006.
[10]	G. Y. Stolyarenko, M. I. Tyurina, A. V. Khalaym, “Invasive therapy of the pathology of the macular area of the retina”, Macula 2006: Thesis in collection of reports in the II All Russian seminar - "round table". Rostov-on-Don, 2006. pp. 379-380.
[11]	V. K. Khavinson, S. V. Trofimova, “Peptide bioregulators in ophthalmology "; Saint Petersburg: Foliant, 2000.
[12]	C. M. Cebulla, D. M. Miller D. A. Knight, B. R. Briggs, V. McGaughy, D. D. Sedmak, “Cytomegalovirus induces sialyl Lewis(x) and Lewis(x) on human endothelial cells”, Transplantation.; vol. 69, N. 6, pp. 1202-1209. 2000.
[13]	G. Hahn, R. Jores, E. S. Mocarski, Cytomegalovirus remains latent in a common precursor of dendritic and myeloid cells”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol. 95, N. 7, pp. 3937-3942, 1998.
[14]	B. Slobedman, E. S. Mocarski, A. M. Arvin, E. D. Mellins, A. Abendroth, “Latent cytomegalovirus down-regulates major histocompatibility complex class II expression on myeloid progenitors”, Blood. Vol. 100, N.8, pp. 2867-2873, 2002.

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APA Style

Ignatiev Sergei, Alekseev Igor, Nam Yuliya. (2018). Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 4(4), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13

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ACS Style

Ignatiev Sergei; Alekseev Igor; Nam Yuliya. Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2018, 4(4), 68-72. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13

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AMA Style

Ignatiev Sergei, Alekseev Igor, Nam Yuliya. Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2018;4(4):68-72. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13,
  author = {Ignatiev Sergei and Alekseev Igor and Nam Yuliya},
  title = {Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {68-72},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20180404.13},
  abstract = {Last years pathological processes of the retina became a worldwide problem among people of different ages and this group includes a various number of central retinal degenerations. There is a vivid tendency for these types of diseases to become younger last years. Such changes are the most common reasons of vision loss, especially age-related macular degeneration and its exudative form. Recent studies show that this form of AMD is linked not only with aging, weakness of the vessels and free radical oxidation, but also with non-specific immune stimulation and the potential role as a trigger of cytomegalovirus infection. No wonder, that chronic infection of endothelial cells leads to attracting to inflammation region of macrophages, their adhesion and synthesis of anti-inflammation cytokines and after all if stimulates formation or activation of CNV. Some pathogenetic peculiarities, methods of treatment and medical expertise are described in this article. Still, they are in the first rate in studies of ophthalmologists all over the world. Social meaning of this pathology is important due to the developing of disability in population and especially in military personnel. The article provides chronic, difficult curable or incurable diseases and outcomes of injuries and burns of the eyes. The matter is that in cases with a completed process or a progressing course with rare exacerbations (less than 2 times per year), the category of fitness for military service is determined depending on the eye functions strictly in accordance with the relevant articles of the disease schedule.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration
AU  - Ignatiev Sergei
AU  - Alekseev Igor
AU  - Nam Yuliya
Y1  - 2018/11/14
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
SP  - 68
EP  - 72
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8032
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13
AB  - Last years pathological processes of the retina became a worldwide problem among people of different ages and this group includes a various number of central retinal degenerations. There is a vivid tendency for these types of diseases to become younger last years. Such changes are the most common reasons of vision loss, especially age-related macular degeneration and its exudative form. Recent studies show that this form of AMD is linked not only with aging, weakness of the vessels and free radical oxidation, but also with non-specific immune stimulation and the potential role as a trigger of cytomegalovirus infection. No wonder, that chronic infection of endothelial cells leads to attracting to inflammation region of macrophages, their adhesion and synthesis of anti-inflammation cytokines and after all if stimulates formation or activation of CNV. Some pathogenetic peculiarities, methods of treatment and medical expertise are described in this article. Still, they are in the first rate in studies of ophthalmologists all over the world. Social meaning of this pathology is important due to the developing of disability in population and especially in military personnel. The article provides chronic, difficult curable or incurable diseases and outcomes of injuries and burns of the eyes. The matter is that in cases with a completed process or a progressing course with rare exacerbations (less than 2 times per year), the category of fitness for military service is determined depending on the eye functions strictly in accordance with the relevant articles of the disease schedule.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ignatiev Sergei

Department of Diagnostics, City Clinical Hospital Named by S. P. Botkin of the Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
Alekseev Igor

4^th Surgical Department of Branch № 1 of the City Clinical Hospital named by S. P. Botkin of the Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
Nam Yuliya

Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Budgetary State Educational Institution of the Additional Professional Education Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Post-Graduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation

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APA Style

Ignatiev Sergei, Alekseev Igor, Nam Yuliya. (2018). Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 4(4), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13

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ACS Style

Ignatiev Sergei; Alekseev Igor; Nam Yuliya. Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2018, 4(4), 68-72. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13

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AMA Style

Ignatiev Sergei, Alekseev Igor, Nam Yuliya. Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2018;4(4):68-72. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13,
  author = {Ignatiev Sergei and Alekseev Igor and Nam Yuliya},
  title = {Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {68-72},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20180404.13},
  abstract = {Last years pathological processes of the retina became a worldwide problem among people of different ages and this group includes a various number of central retinal degenerations. There is a vivid tendency for these types of diseases to become younger last years. Such changes are the most common reasons of vision loss, especially age-related macular degeneration and its exudative form. Recent studies show that this form of AMD is linked not only with aging, weakness of the vessels and free radical oxidation, but also with non-specific immune stimulation and the potential role as a trigger of cytomegalovirus infection. No wonder, that chronic infection of endothelial cells leads to attracting to inflammation region of macrophages, their adhesion and synthesis of anti-inflammation cytokines and after all if stimulates formation or activation of CNV. Some pathogenetic peculiarities, methods of treatment and medical expertise are described in this article. Still, they are in the first rate in studies of ophthalmologists all over the world. Social meaning of this pathology is important due to the developing of disability in population and especially in military personnel. The article provides chronic, difficult curable or incurable diseases and outcomes of injuries and burns of the eyes. The matter is that in cases with a completed process or a progressing course with rare exacerbations (less than 2 times per year), the category of fitness for military service is determined depending on the eye functions strictly in accordance with the relevant articles of the disease schedule.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Military and Medical Expertise in Patients with Central Retinal Degeneration
AU  - Ignatiev Sergei
AU  - Alekseev Igor
AU  - Nam Yuliya
Y1  - 2018/11/14
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
SP  - 68
EP  - 72
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8032
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180404.13
AB  - Last years pathological processes of the retina became a worldwide problem among people of different ages and this group includes a various number of central retinal degenerations. There is a vivid tendency for these types of diseases to become younger last years. Such changes are the most common reasons of vision loss, especially age-related macular degeneration and its exudative form. Recent studies show that this form of AMD is linked not only with aging, weakness of the vessels and free radical oxidation, but also with non-specific immune stimulation and the potential role as a trigger of cytomegalovirus infection. No wonder, that chronic infection of endothelial cells leads to attracting to inflammation region of macrophages, their adhesion and synthesis of anti-inflammation cytokines and after all if stimulates formation or activation of CNV. Some pathogenetic peculiarities, methods of treatment and medical expertise are described in this article. Still, they are in the first rate in studies of ophthalmologists all over the world. Social meaning of this pathology is important due to the developing of disability in population and especially in military personnel. The article provides chronic, difficult curable or incurable diseases and outcomes of injuries and burns of the eyes. The matter is that in cases with a completed process or a progressing course with rare exacerbations (less than 2 times per year), the category of fitness for military service is determined depending on the eye functions strictly in accordance with the relevant articles of the disease schedule.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download