Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Bianca Varda; Zaid Ansari; Syed Zaidi; Layth Al-Jashaami

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11

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Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Bianca Varda, Zaid Ansari, Syed Zaidi, Layth Al-Jashaami

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 18 December 2020 Accepted: 5 January 2021 Published: 12 January 2021

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Abstract

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a bacterial infection in the peritoneum commonly seen in the setting of cirrhosis and ascites. SBP is typically caused by gram-negative bacteria. Pasteurella is an organism typically associated with skin and soft tissue infections secondary to bites or scratches from domestic animals. We performed a literature review of all cases of Pasteurella-associated SBP to date. Due to the rarity of this clinical finding, there are a limited number of reported SBP cases due to Pasteurella. Our review showed that most associated cases are secondary to an animal wound and often present with hemodynamic instability. Furthermore, Pasteurella SBP has a high mortality rate when compared to the typical causative organisms. Herein, we present a case of septic shock secondary to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Pasteurella multocida in a patient with no evidence of dog or cat wounds. The patient was treated with antibiotics, but unfortunately required multiple pressors while in the hospital and he ultimately succumbed to his disease. This case not only demonstrates the importance of avoiding risk factors associated with Pasteurella SBP due to its high mortality rate, but also to maintain a high clinical suspicion for the infection in patients with seemingly no risk factors to initiate prompt treatment.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11
Page(s)	1-4
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis, Cirrhosis, Ascites, Pasteurella, Shock

References

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[2]	Kowdley, K. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2015; 11 (1), 70-72.
[3]	Marciano S, Diaz JM, Dirchwolf M, Gadano A. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis: incidence, outcomes, and treatment strategies. Hepat Med 2019; 11: 13-22.
[4]	Antony, S. J. & Oglesby, K. A. Peritonitis associated with Pasteurella multocida in peritoneal dialysis patients. Clinical Nephrology 2007; 68 (1), 52-55.
[5]	Hey P, Gow P, Torresi J, Testro A. Cirrhosis, cellulitis and cats: a “purrfect” combination for life-threatening spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from Pasteurella multocida. BMJ Case Reports 2012.
[6]	Santoniemma PP, Dakwar O, Angarone MP. A retrospective analaysis of cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis patients. PLoS ONE 2020; 15 (9).
[7]	Koch, C. A., Mabee, C. L., Robyn, J. A., Koletar, S. L., Metz, E. N. Exposure to domestic cats: risk factor for Pasteurella multocida peritonitis in liver cirrhosis? Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91 (7): 1447-9.
[8]	Tamaskar, I, & Ravakhah, K. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with Pasteurella mulcotida in cirrhosis. Southern Medical Journal 2004; 97 (11), 1113-1115.
[9]	Lutz P, Parcina M, Bekeredijian-Ding I, Hoerauf A, Strassburg CP, Spengler U. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by Pasteurella multocida under treatment with rifaximin. Infection 2014; 42: 175-177.
[10]	Samarkos M, Fanourgiakis P, Nemtzas I, Platsouka E, Paniara O, Skoutelis A. Pasteurella multocid bacteremia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and septic arthritis in a cirrhotic patient. Hippokratia 2010; 14, 4: 303.
[11]	Correia JP, Conn HO. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: endemic or epidemic? Med Clin North Am 1975, 59 (4): 963-81.
[12]	Wallace JA, Hussain J, Unzueta A, Morelli G. Pasteurella multocida bacteremia and peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis: a life-threatening case from a prick of a cactus. Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 2017: 1-3.
[13]	Antony SJ, Oglesby KA. Peritonitis associated with Pasteurella multocida in peritoneal dialysis patients – case report and review of the literature. Clinical Nephrology 2007; 68, 1, 52-56.
[14]	Gunathilake R, Verma A, Caffery M, Sowden S. Pasteurella multocida peritonitis after cat scratch in a patient with cirrhotic ascites. Infect Dis Resp 2015, 7 (2).
[15]	Ashley BD, Noone M, Dwarakanath AD, Malnick H. Fatal Pasteurell dagmatis peritonitis and septicaemia in a patient with cirrhosis: a case report and review of literature. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57: 210-212.
[16]	Beales IL. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Pasteurella multocida without animal exposure. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 1999, 94 (4): 1110-1111.
[17]	Honberg PZ, Frederiksen W. Isolation of Pasteurella multocida in a patient with spontaneous peritonitis and liver cirrhosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1986, 5 (3): 340-342.
[18]	Noble RC, Marek BJ, Overman SB. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Pasteurella ureae. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1987, 25 (2): 442-4444.
[19]	Jacobson JA, Miner P, Duffy O. Pasteurella multocida bacteremia associated with peritonitis and cirrhosis. Am J Gatroenterol 1977, 68 (5): 489-491.
[20]	Vakil N, Adiyody J, Treser G, Lue Y. Pasteurella multocida septicemia and peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis: case report and review of the literature. The American Journal of Gatroenterology 1985, 80 (7): 565.

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APA Style

Bianca Varda, Zaid Ansari, Syed Zaidi, Layth Al-Jashaami. (2021). Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 7(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11

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ACS Style

Bianca Varda; Zaid Ansari; Syed Zaidi; Layth Al-Jashaami. Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2021, 7(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11

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AMA Style

Bianca Varda, Zaid Ansari, Syed Zaidi, Layth Al-Jashaami. Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2021;7(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11,
  author = {Bianca Varda and Zaid Ansari and Syed Zaidi and Layth Al-Jashaami},
  title = {Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20210701.11},
  abstract = {Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a bacterial infection in the peritoneum commonly seen in the setting of cirrhosis and ascites. SBP is typically caused by gram-negative bacteria. Pasteurella is an organism typically associated with skin and soft tissue infections secondary to bites or scratches from domestic animals. We performed a literature review of all cases of Pasteurella-associated SBP to date. Due to the rarity of this clinical finding, there are a limited number of reported SBP cases due to Pasteurella. Our review showed that most associated cases are secondary to an animal wound and often present with hemodynamic instability. Furthermore, Pasteurella SBP has a high mortality rate when compared to the typical causative organisms. Herein, we present a case of septic shock secondary to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Pasteurella multocida in a patient with no evidence of dog or cat wounds. The patient was treated with antibiotics, but unfortunately required multiple pressors while in the hospital and he ultimately succumbed to his disease. This case not only demonstrates the importance of avoiding risk factors associated with Pasteurella SBP due to its high mortality rate, but also to maintain a high clinical suspicion for the infection in patients with seemingly no risk factors to initiate prompt treatment.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
AU  - Bianca Varda
AU  - Zaid Ansari
AU  - Syed Zaidi
AU  - Layth Al-Jashaami
Y1  - 2021/01/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8032
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11
AB  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a bacterial infection in the peritoneum commonly seen in the setting of cirrhosis and ascites. SBP is typically caused by gram-negative bacteria. Pasteurella is an organism typically associated with skin and soft tissue infections secondary to bites or scratches from domestic animals. We performed a literature review of all cases of Pasteurella-associated SBP to date. Due to the rarity of this clinical finding, there are a limited number of reported SBP cases due to Pasteurella. Our review showed that most associated cases are secondary to an animal wound and often present with hemodynamic instability. Furthermore, Pasteurella SBP has a high mortality rate when compared to the typical causative organisms. Herein, we present a case of septic shock secondary to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Pasteurella multocida in a patient with no evidence of dog or cat wounds. The patient was treated with antibiotics, but unfortunately required multiple pressors while in the hospital and he ultimately succumbed to his disease. This case not only demonstrates the importance of avoiding risk factors associated with Pasteurella SBP due to its high mortality rate, but also to maintain a high clinical suspicion for the infection in patients with seemingly no risk factors to initiate prompt treatment.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Bianca Varda

Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, the United States
Zaid Ansari

Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, the United States
Syed Zaidi

Department of Internal Medicine, Valleywise Health Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, the United States
Layth Al-Jashaami

Department of Gastroenterology, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, the United States

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APA Style

Bianca Varda, Zaid Ansari, Syed Zaidi, Layth Al-Jashaami. (2021). Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 7(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11

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ACS Style

Bianca Varda; Zaid Ansari; Syed Zaidi; Layth Al-Jashaami. Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2021, 7(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11

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AMA Style

Bianca Varda, Zaid Ansari, Syed Zaidi, Layth Al-Jashaami. Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2021;7(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11,
  author = {Bianca Varda and Zaid Ansari and Syed Zaidi and Layth Al-Jashaami},
  title = {Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20210701.11},
  abstract = {Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a bacterial infection in the peritoneum commonly seen in the setting of cirrhosis and ascites. SBP is typically caused by gram-negative bacteria. Pasteurella is an organism typically associated with skin and soft tissue infections secondary to bites or scratches from domestic animals. We performed a literature review of all cases of Pasteurella-associated SBP to date. Due to the rarity of this clinical finding, there are a limited number of reported SBP cases due to Pasteurella. Our review showed that most associated cases are secondary to an animal wound and often present with hemodynamic instability. Furthermore, Pasteurella SBP has a high mortality rate when compared to the typical causative organisms. Herein, we present a case of septic shock secondary to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Pasteurella multocida in a patient with no evidence of dog or cat wounds. The patient was treated with antibiotics, but unfortunately required multiple pressors while in the hospital and he ultimately succumbed to his disease. This case not only demonstrates the importance of avoiding risk factors associated with Pasteurella SBP due to its high mortality rate, but also to maintain a high clinical suspicion for the infection in patients with seemingly no risk factors to initiate prompt treatment.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Septic Shock Secondary to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
AU  - Bianca Varda
AU  - Zaid Ansari
AU  - Syed Zaidi
AU  - Layth Al-Jashaami
Y1  - 2021/01/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8032
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210701.11
AB  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a bacterial infection in the peritoneum commonly seen in the setting of cirrhosis and ascites. SBP is typically caused by gram-negative bacteria. Pasteurella is an organism typically associated with skin and soft tissue infections secondary to bites or scratches from domestic animals. We performed a literature review of all cases of Pasteurella-associated SBP to date. Due to the rarity of this clinical finding, there are a limited number of reported SBP cases due to Pasteurella. Our review showed that most associated cases are secondary to an animal wound and often present with hemodynamic instability. Furthermore, Pasteurella SBP has a high mortality rate when compared to the typical causative organisms. Herein, we present a case of septic shock secondary to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Pasteurella multocida in a patient with no evidence of dog or cat wounds. The patient was treated with antibiotics, but unfortunately required multiple pressors while in the hospital and he ultimately succumbed to his disease. This case not only demonstrates the importance of avoiding risk factors associated with Pasteurella SBP due to its high mortality rate, but also to maintain a high clinical suspicion for the infection in patients with seemingly no risk factors to initiate prompt treatment.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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