Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad

Mayanna Habkreo; Ali Mahamat Moussa; Djerabet Franckly; Gong Zoua; Tahir Mahamat Saleh; Maire Dehainssala; Adama Ngare; Mahamat Ali Hachim

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12

Research Article |

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad

Mayanna Habkreo^*, Ali Mahamat Moussa, Djerabet Franckly, Gong Zoua, Tahir Mahamat Saleh, Maire Dehainssala, Adama Ngare, Mahamat Ali Hachim

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 6)

Received: 6 November 2023 Accepted: 21 November 2023 Published: 6 December 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Introduction: infection with the hepatitis C virus is a public health problem that is often underestimated compared with its alter ego, viral hepatitis B, in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for viral hepatitis C in Chad. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study covering a period of 2 years and 9 months. Patients of all sexes with PCR-confirmed viral hepatitis C were included. The hepatology unit of the day hospital and the gastroenterology department of teaching hospital “Reference Nationale “in N'Djamena served as the setting. Results: A total of 203 patients were included. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.6, with a mean age of 47 ± 12 years, a median of 46 years and extremes of 20 and 76 years. The 40 to 59 age group was the most represented. The mean APRI score was 0.42±0.29, with extremes of 0.019 and 1.84. Over 80% of the population came from the southern part of the country. In 57.6% of cases, HCV carriage was discovered incidentally during voluntary screening, compared with 42.4% during the course of an illness. In terms of risk factors, mass vaccination was found in 85.7% of cases. Surgery was incriminated in 20.2% of cases. Notification of blood transfusion was found in 14.8% of cases. Conclusion: HCV infection tends to affect the elderly, although all age groups can be affected. The risk factors are multiple and dominated in our context by mass vaccination.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12
Page(s)	108-112
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Infection, HCV, Risk Factors, Chad

References

[1]	Petruzziolo A, Margliano S, Loquercio G and al. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: an up-date of the distribution and circulation of hepatitis C virus genotypes. World J Gastroenterol 201614; 22(34): 7824-40.
[2]	World Health Organization. Key hepatitis C benchmarks, June 2022.
[3]	Leroy V. "Hepatitis C treatment in 2016," 2016.
[4]	World Health Organization in Africa/ Chad, World Hepatitis Day: WHO calls for permanent control and prevention actions; July 28, 2022.
[5]	Jones Ct, Murray Cl, Eastman Dk and al Hepatitis C virus p7 and NS2 proteins are essential for production of infectious virus Journal of virology 2007; 81(16): 8374-83.
[6]	Pfaender S, Helfritz FA, Siddharta A and al. Environmental Stability and Infectivity of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Different Human Body Fluids. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9: 504.
[7]	Diarra MT, Konate A, Diakite Y and al. Hepatitis C virus infection in diabetic patients treated at CHU Gabriel Toure and the Bamako diabetes center. J Afr Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2013; 7: 188-91.
[8]	Attia KA, Lawson-Ananissoh LM, Bathaix YFM and al. Treatment of viral hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals in Côte d'Ivoire: a multicenter observational study. Oral communication XVIII Journees de Gastroenterologie d'Afrique Francophone. December 15-17, 2016; Algiers, Algeria. Book of abstracts.
[9]	Eloumou Bagnaka SAF, Tachouanka A, Dang BI and al. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes in Cameroon. Poster JFHOD. 2018; P253.
[10]	Dijoux E, Mouterde A, Alloui C and al. Patients treated for hepatitis C in a disadvantaged catchment area: what particularities? Med Mal Infect. 2019; 49 (4): S35.
[11]	Meda N, Tuaillon E, Kania D and al. Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence, Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study. Bull World Health Organ. 2018; 96: 750-6.
[12]	Mohd Hanafiah K, Groeger J, Flaxman AD and al. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence. Hepatol. 2013; 57 (4): 1333-42.
[13]	Nicot T, Rogez S, Denis F. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Africa. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1997; 21: 596-606.
[14]	Kandeel A, Genedy M, El-Refai S et al. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt in 2015: implications for future policy on prevention and treatment. Liver Int. 2017; 37: 45-53.
[15]	Talaat M, El-Sayed N, Kandeel A et al. Sentinel surveillance for patients with acute hepatitis in Egypt, 2001-2004. East Mediterr Health J. 2010; 16: 134-40.
[16]	Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Establishment of a viral hepatitis surveillance system in Pakistan, 2009-2011. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011; 60: 1385-90.
[17]	Nde H, Robbins S, Schmelzer J and al. Modeling the impact of hepatitis C in 7 African countries. Oral communication XVIII Journees de Gastroenterologie d'Afrique Francophone. December 15-17, 2016; Algiers, Algeria. Books of abstracts.
[18]	Zeba M, Sanou M, Bisseye C and al. Characterization of hepatitis C virus genotype among blood donors at the regional blood transfusion center of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Blood Transfus. 2014; 12 (1): s54-s57. DOI: 10.2450/2013.0089-12.
[19]	Radi S. Press debates, scandal and the implementation of a prevention policy. About hepatitis C in Egypt Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2006; 54: 1S45-1S52.
[20]	Delarocque-Astagneau E, Pillonel J, De Valk H and al. Les modes de transmission du virus de l'hepatite C: approches methodologiques Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2006; 54: 1S5-1S14.
[21]	Mele A, Spada E, Sagliocca L and al. Risk of parenterally transmitted hepatitis following exposure to surgery or other invasive procedures: results from the hepatitis surveillance system in Italy Journal of Hepatology 2001; 35: 284-9.
[22]	Yazdanpanah Y, De Carli G, Migueres B and al. Risk factors for accidental HCV transmission to healthcare workers following a blood-exposure accident: a European case-control study Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2006; 54: 1S23-1S31.
[23]	Abiteboul D. Risques infectieux professionnels pour le personnel de sante EMC Toxicologie - Pathologie professionnelle 2006; 16-546-A-10.
[24]	Delluc C, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Leroux G and al. Liver pathologies and pregnancy La Revue de medecine interne 2008.
[25]	Barjoan Em, Bongain A, Laffont C, and al. HCV infection and pregnancy Medecine et maladies infectieuses 2005; 35: S20-S21.
[26]	Ngo Y, Maugat S, Duong Qt and al. Hepatitis C risk linked to traditional practices: a case-control study in HoChi-Minh-Ville, Vietnam Revue d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique 2007; 55: 107-12.
[27]	Medhat A, Shehata Ma, Magder Ls, et al. Hepatitis C in a community in upper Egypt: risk factors for infection Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2002; 66(5): 633-8.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Habkreo, M., Mahamat Moussa, A., Franckly, D., Zoua, G., Mahamat Saleh, T., et al. (2023). Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 9(6), 108-112. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Habkreo, M.; Mahamat Moussa, A.; Franckly, D.; Zoua, G.; Mahamat Saleh, T., et al. Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2023, 9(6), 108-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Habkreo M, Mahamat Moussa A, Franckly D, Zoua G, Mahamat Saleh T, et al. Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2023;9(6):108-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12,
  author = {Mayanna Habkreo and Ali Mahamat Moussa and Djerabet Franckly and Gong Zoua and Tahir Mahamat Saleh and Maire Dehainssala and Adama Ngare and Mahamat Ali Hachim},
  title = {Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {108-112},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20230906.12},
  abstract = {Introduction: infection with the hepatitis C virus is a public health problem that is often underestimated compared with its alter ego, viral hepatitis B, in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for viral hepatitis C in Chad. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study covering a period of 2 years and 9 months. Patients of all sexes with PCR-confirmed viral hepatitis C were included. The hepatology unit of the day hospital and the gastroenterology department of teaching hospital “Reference Nationale “in N'Djamena served as the setting. Results: A total of 203 patients were included. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.6, with a mean age of 47 ± 12 years, a median of 46 years and extremes of 20 and 76 years. The 40 to 59 age group was the most represented. The mean APRI score was 0.42±0.29, with extremes of 0.019 and 1.84. Over 80% of the population came from the southern part of the country. In 57.6% of cases, HCV carriage was discovered incidentally during voluntary screening, compared with 42.4% during the course of an illness. In terms of risk factors, mass vaccination was found in 85.7% of cases. Surgery was incriminated in 20.2% of cases. Notification of blood transfusion was found in 14.8% of cases. Conclusion: HCV infection tends to affect the elderly, although all age groups can be affected. The risk factors are multiple and dominated in our context by mass vaccination.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad
AU - Mayanna Habkreo
AU - Ali Mahamat Moussa
AU - Djerabet Franckly
AU - Gong Zoua
AU - Tahir Mahamat Saleh
AU - Maire Dehainssala
AU - Adama Ngare
AU - Mahamat Ali Hachim
Y1 - 2023/12/06
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12
T2 - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JF - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JO - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
SP - 108
EP - 112
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2469-8032
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12
AB - Introduction: infection with the hepatitis C virus is a public health problem that is often underestimated compared with its alter ego, viral hepatitis B, in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for viral hepatitis C in Chad. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study covering a period of 2 years and 9 months. Patients of all sexes with PCR-confirmed viral hepatitis C were included. The hepatology unit of the day hospital and the gastroenterology department of teaching hospital “Reference Nationale “in N'Djamena served as the setting. Results: A total of 203 patients were included. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.6, with a mean age of 47 ± 12 years, a median of 46 years and extremes of 20 and 76 years. The 40 to 59 age group was the most represented. The mean APRI score was 0.42±0.29, with extremes of 0.019 and 1.84. Over 80% of the population came from the southern part of the country. In 57.6% of cases, HCV carriage was discovered incidentally during voluntary screening, compared with 42.4% during the course of an illness. In terms of risk factors, mass vaccination was found in 85.7% of cases. Surgery was incriminated in 20.2% of cases. Notification of blood transfusion was found in 14.8% of cases. Conclusion: HCV infection tends to affect the elderly, although all age groups can be affected. The risk factors are multiple and dominated in our context by mass vaccination.

VL - 9
IS - 6
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Mayanna Habkreo

Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine Department, Teaching Hospital “la Reference Nationale”, N'Djamena, Chad

Contact Email
Ali Mahamat Moussa

Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine Department, Teaching Hospital “la Reference Nationale”, N'Djamena, Chad
Djerabet Franckly

Department of Medicine, Chad-China Friendship Hospital, N'Djamena, Chad
Gong Zoua

Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine Department, Teaching Hospital “la Reference Nationale”, N'Djamena, Chad
Tahir Mahamat Saleh

Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Internal Medicine Department of the Teaching Hospital «la Renaissance», N'Djamena, Chad
Maire Dehainssala

Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine Department, Teaching Hospital “la Reference Nationale”, N'Djamena, Chad
Adama Ngare

Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine Department, Teaching Hospital “la Reference Nationale”, N'Djamena, Chad
Mahamat Ali Hachim

Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine Department, Teaching Hospital “la Reference Nationale”, N'Djamena, Chad

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Habkreo, M., Mahamat Moussa, A., Franckly, D., Zoua, G., Mahamat Saleh, T., et al. (2023). Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 9(6), 108-112. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Habkreo, M.; Mahamat Moussa, A.; Franckly, D.; Zoua, G.; Mahamat Saleh, T., et al. Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2023, 9(6), 108-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Habkreo M, Mahamat Moussa A, Franckly D, Zoua G, Mahamat Saleh T, et al. Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2023;9(6):108-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12,
  author = {Mayanna Habkreo and Ali Mahamat Moussa and Djerabet Franckly and Gong Zoua and Tahir Mahamat Saleh and Maire Dehainssala and Adama Ngare and Mahamat Ali Hachim},
  title = {Evaluation of Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Chad},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {108-112},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20230906.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20230906.12},
  abstract = {Introduction: infection with the hepatitis C virus is a public health problem that is often underestimated compared with its alter ego, viral hepatitis B, in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for viral hepatitis C in Chad. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study covering a period of 2 years and 9 months. Patients of all sexes with PCR-confirmed viral hepatitis C were included. The hepatology unit of the day hospital and the gastroenterology department of teaching hospital “Reference Nationale “in N'Djamena served as the setting. Results: A total of 203 patients were included. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.6, with a mean age of 47 ± 12 years, a median of 46 years and extremes of 20 and 76 years. The 40 to 59 age group was the most represented. The mean APRI score was 0.42±0.29, with extremes of 0.019 and 1.84. Over 80% of the population came from the southern part of the country. In 57.6% of cases, HCV carriage was discovered incidentally during voluntary screening, compared with 42.4% during the course of an illness. In terms of risk factors, mass vaccination was found in 85.7% of cases. Surgery was incriminated in 20.2% of cases. Notification of blood transfusion was found in 14.8% of cases. Conclusion: HCV infection tends to affect the elderly, although all age groups can be affected. The risk factors are multiple and dominated in our context by mass vaccination.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

VL - 9
IS - 6
ER -

Copy | Download