Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review

Mansour Awad M.; Al Shalahi Mohammed H.; Al Johani Abdulrahman; Rami M. Al Mutairi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11

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Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review

Mansour Awad M., Al Shalahi Mohammed H., Al Johani Abdulrahman, Rami M. Al Mutairi

Published in International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 28 January 2017 Accepted: 13 February 2017 Published: 2 March 2017

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Abstract

Poor glycemic control is a major public health problem. In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of poor glycemic control was high among patients with diabetes mellitus. Good glycemic control is a major objective for the prevention or postponement of long-term complications from diabetes. Marker of diabetes control is the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has designated an HbA1c level of <7% as a goal for optimal blood glucose control. The majority of the population today has poorly understood the implication of statistics in the field of medicine. People often refer to statistics as merely as the science of numbers and that its relationship to another field of sciences is far beyond their knowledge and comprehension. Albeit the fact that absolute certainty in medicine is rare, statistics is still utilized to interpret data. In fact, scientists used different statistical methods to improve medicine. For many years, medicine had evolved and reached its present advancement through studies that used the statistical technique for data analysis. However, in this study, logistic regression analysis, the predictors of poor glycemic control were only positive family history of diabetes (OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.29-9.18) and on oral hypoglycemic agents (OR=78.14, 95% CI=8.88-687.69), and on insulin/combination treatment (OR=37.57, 95% CI: 4.07-346.55) than diet alone. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients.

Published in	International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11
Page(s)	1-4
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Forward LR, Backward LR, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Physical Activities, Logistic Regression Analysis

References

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[2]	World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry: report of WHO Expert Committee (No. 854). Technical report series.
[3]	American Diabetes Association. (2007). Standards of medical care in diabetes--2007. Diabetes care, 30, S4.‏
[4]	Norris, S. L., Nichols, P. J., Caspersen, C. J., Glasgow, R. E., Engelgau, M. M., Jack, L. &Briss, P. (2002). Increasing diabetes self-management education in community settings: a systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine, 22 (4), 39-66.‏
[5]	Cheyette C (2006) A young person’s perspective of type 1 diabetes: development of an innovative DVD. Practical Diabetes International 23: 212–6.
[6]	Weltman, A. and Gaesser, GA. (2006). Is a generic exercise program enough for weight loss in all situations? The International Association for the Study of Obesity. obesity reviews 7 (Suppl. 2) 1–34.
[7]	Ali Al-Tuwijri, M Hasan Al-Doghether, Z Akturk. (2007). Quality of life of people with diabetes attending primary care health centres in Riyadh, Quality in Primary Care; 15: 307–14.
[8]	Xu, Z. Hwee, W. Kevin, T. Julian, T. Shu, L. (2009). A preliminary cross sectional convenience sampling survey study among English speaking diabetic subjects in Singapore. Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine vol. (4) 3.
[9]	Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. (2007). http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Pages/Default.aspx.
[10]	Koro, C. E., Bowlin, S. J., Bourgeois, N., &Fedder, D. O. (2004). Glycemic control from 1988 to 2000 among US adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes a preliminary report. Diabetes care, 27 (1), 17-20.‏
[11]	Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. (1993). The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine, 329 (14), 977-986.‏
[12]	Fox, K. M., Bolinder, B., Chen, J., & Kumar, S. (2006). Prevalence of inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom general practice research database: a series of retrospective analyses of data from 1998 through 2002. Clinical therapeutics, 28 (3), 388-395.‏
[13]	Khattab, M., Khader, Y. S., Al-Khawaldeh, A., &Ajlouni, K. (2010). Factors associated with poor glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of diabetes and its complications, 24 (2), 84-89.‏
[14]	Habib, S. S., & Aslam, M. (2003). Risk factors, knowledge and health status in diabetic patients. Saudi medical journal, 24 (11), 1219-1224.‏
[15]	Al-Sultan, F. A., & Al-Zanki, N. (2005). Clinical epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kuwait. Kuwait Medical Journal, 37 (2), 98.‏
[16]	Akbar, D. H. (2001). Low rates of diabetic patients reaching good control targets. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 7 (4-5), 671−678.
[17]	Garber, A., Henry, R., Ratner, R., Garcia-Hernandez, P. A., Rodriguez-Pattzi, H., Olvera-Alvarez, I., & LEAD-3 (Mono) Study Group. (2009). Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. The Lancet, 373 (9662), 473-481.‏
[18]	Khattab, M. S., Abolfotouh, M. A., Alakija, W., al-Humaidi, M. A., al-Wahat, S., (1999) Risk factors of coronary heart disease: attitude and behaviour in family practice in Saudi Arabia. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 5, 35–45.
[19]	Osaimi, S., & AL-Gelban, K. S. (2007). Diabetes Mellitus-Prevalence and associated cardiovascular risk factors in a Saudi sub-urban community. Biomed Res, 18, 147-53.‏
[20]	Wallace, T. M., & Matthews, D. R. (2000). Poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a conspiracy of disease, suboptimal therapy and attitude. Qjm, 93 (6), 369-374.‏
[21]	Jhingan, A. K. (2005). Diets and Diabetes. New Delhi. Concept Publishing Company. 1st ed. KK-50246.

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Mansour Awad M., Al Shalahi Mohammed H., Al Johani Abdulrahman, Rami M. Al Mutairi. (2017). Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11

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ACS Style

Mansour Awad M.; Al Shalahi Mohammed H.; Al Johani Abdulrahman; Rami M. Al Mutairi. Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017, 2(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11

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AMA Style

Mansour Awad M., Al Shalahi Mohammed H., Al Johani Abdulrahman, Rami M. Al Mutairi. Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;2(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11,
  author = {Mansour Awad M. and Al Shalahi Mohammed H. and Al Johani Abdulrahman and Rami M. Al Mutairi},
  title = {Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20170201.11},
  abstract = {Poor glycemic control is a major public health problem. In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of poor glycemic control was high among patients with diabetes mellitus. Good glycemic control is a major objective for the prevention or postponement of long-term complications from diabetes. Marker of diabetes control is the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has designated an HbA1c level of <7% as a goal for optimal blood glucose control. The majority of the population today has poorly understood the implication of statistics in the field of medicine. People often refer to statistics as merely as the science of numbers and that its relationship to another field of sciences is far beyond their knowledge and comprehension. Albeit the fact that absolute certainty in medicine is rare, statistics is still utilized to interpret data. In fact, scientists used different statistical methods to improve medicine. For many years, medicine had evolved and reached its present advancement through studies that used the statistical technique for data analysis. However, in this study, logistic regression analysis, the predictors of poor glycemic control were only positive family history of diabetes (OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.29-9.18) and on oral hypoglycemic agents (OR=78.14, 95% CI=8.88-687.69), and on insulin/combination treatment (OR=37.57, 95% CI: 4.07-346.55) than diet alone. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review
AU - Mansour Awad M.
AU - Al Shalahi Mohammed H.
AU - Al Johani Abdulrahman
AU - Rami M. Al Mutairi
Y1 - 2017/03/02
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11
T2 - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JF - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JO - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
SP - 1
EP - 4
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-1371
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11
AB - Poor glycemic control is a major public health problem. In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of poor glycemic control was high among patients with diabetes mellitus. Good glycemic control is a major objective for the prevention or postponement of long-term complications from diabetes. Marker of diabetes control is the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has designated an HbA1c level of <7% as a goal for optimal blood glucose control. The majority of the population today has poorly understood the implication of statistics in the field of medicine. People often refer to statistics as merely as the science of numbers and that its relationship to another field of sciences is far beyond their knowledge and comprehension. Albeit the fact that absolute certainty in medicine is rare, statistics is still utilized to interpret data. In fact, scientists used different statistical methods to improve medicine. For many years, medicine had evolved and reached its present advancement through studies that used the statistical technique for data analysis. However, in this study, logistic regression analysis, the predictors of poor glycemic control were only positive family history of diabetes (OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.29-9.18) and on oral hypoglycemic agents (OR=78.14, 95% CI=8.88-687.69), and on insulin/combination treatment (OR=37.57, 95% CI: 4.07-346.55) than diet alone. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients.
VL - 2
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Mansour Awad M.

Private Sector Management, General Directorate of Health Affairs, (MOH), Medina, Saudi Arabia
Al Shalahi Mohammed H.

Planning and Training Management, General Directorate of Health Affairs, (MOH), Medina, Saudi Arabia
Al Johani Abdulrahman

Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
Rami M. Al Mutairi

General Medical Complex, General Directorate of Health Affairs, (MOH), Medina, Saudi Arabia

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APA Style

Mansour Awad M., Al Shalahi Mohammed H., Al Johani Abdulrahman, Rami M. Al Mutairi. (2017). Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11

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ACS Style

Mansour Awad M.; Al Shalahi Mohammed H.; Al Johani Abdulrahman; Rami M. Al Mutairi. Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017, 2(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11

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AMA Style

Mansour Awad M., Al Shalahi Mohammed H., Al Johani Abdulrahman, Rami M. Al Mutairi. Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;2(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11,
  author = {Mansour Awad M. and Al Shalahi Mohammed H. and Al Johani Abdulrahman and Rami M. Al Mutairi},
  title = {Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20170201.11},
  abstract = {Poor glycemic control is a major public health problem. In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of poor glycemic control was high among patients with diabetes mellitus. Good glycemic control is a major objective for the prevention or postponement of long-term complications from diabetes. Marker of diabetes control is the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has designated an HbA1c level of <7% as a goal for optimal blood glucose control. The majority of the population today has poorly understood the implication of statistics in the field of medicine. People often refer to statistics as merely as the science of numbers and that its relationship to another field of sciences is far beyond their knowledge and comprehension. Albeit the fact that absolute certainty in medicine is rare, statistics is still utilized to interpret data. In fact, scientists used different statistical methods to improve medicine. For many years, medicine had evolved and reached its present advancement through studies that used the statistical technique for data analysis. However, in this study, logistic regression analysis, the predictors of poor glycemic control were only positive family history of diabetes (OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.29-9.18) and on oral hypoglycemic agents (OR=78.14, 95% CI=8.88-687.69), and on insulin/combination treatment (OR=37.57, 95% CI: 4.07-346.55) than diet alone. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients.},
 year = {2017}
}

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