Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects

Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam; Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan; Moinul Islam; Mohammad Asaduzzaman; Mohammad Rafiq Uddin; Shiropa Islam; Mohammed Fariduddin

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11

Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects

Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam, Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Moinul Islam, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Rafiq Uddin, Shiropa Islam, Mohammed Fariduddin

Published in International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 15 December 2018 Accepted: 28 December 2018 Published: 29 January 2019

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Abstract

Weight loss due to diuresis is an early clinical response of treatment with levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism. The objective of this study was to evaluate weight changes in patients with primary hypothyroidism after 6 weeks of initiation of treatment with levothyroxine. This prospective observational follow up study included 99 newly diagnosed primary hypothyroid patients of 18-60 years of age of both sexes. The weight and height of each patient were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated both at the time of enrollment and at the end of 6 weeks of treatment with levothyroxine, and variables at the baseline and at follow up were compared. 93 patients out of 99 completed follow-up at 6±1 weeks. There were significant reduction in TSH level (85.1±51.6 vs. 1.87±0.9 µIU/mL, mean±SD) and increase in FT4 level (0.49±0.19 vs. 1.4±0.78 ng/dL, mean±SD) at follow up in comparison to their baseline values. Among the participants, 90.3% lost body weight while 5.4% gained weight and 4.3% of subjects didn’t show any change in their weight at the end of the study. The mean body weight and mean BMI after levothyroxine replacement were significantly lower (weight 62.2±13.7 vs. 59.0±12.1 kg, BMI 25.1±4.6 vs. 23.8±4.1 Kg/M², mean±SD) than the pretreatment values. The mean changes in body weight and BMI were 3.19±0.32 Kg (mean±SEM) and 1.31±0.14 Kg/M² (mean±SEM) respectively. The mean changes in body weight and BMI did not differ significantly among subjects with different TSH categories. No statistically significant effect of any individual predictors like age, gender, and socioeconomic status, weight at baseline, baseline TSH, baseline FT4 and presence of thyroid autoimmunity was observed on weight change. Levothyroxine replacement was associated with a significant reduction of mean body weight and BMI at short-term follow up in our study, though not all patients experienced weight loss.

Published in	International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Body Weight, Body Mass Index, Primary Hypothyroidism, Levothyroxine Replacement

References

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[2]	Canaris, G. J., Manowitz, N. R., Mayor, G., & Ridgway, E. C. (2000). The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med, 160, 526-34.
[3]	Hollowell, J. G., Staehling, N. W., Flanders, W. D., Hannon, W. H., Gunter, E. W., Spencer, C. A., et al. (2002). Serum TSH, T (4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87, 489-99.
[4]	Hoogendoorn, E. H., Hermus, A. R., de Vegt. F., Ross, H. A., Verbeek, A. L., Kiemency, L. A., et al. (2006) Thyroid function and prevalence of anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies in a population with borderline sufficient iodine intake: Influences of age and sex. Clin Chem, 52, 104-11.
[5]	Unnikrishnan, A. G., Kalra, S., Sahay, R. K., Bantwal, G., John, M., & Tewari, N. (2013). Prevalence of hypothyroidism in adults: An epidemiological study in eight cities of India. Indian J Endocr Metab, 17, 647-52.
[6]	Fish, L. H., Schwartz, H. L., Cavanaugh, J., Steffes, M. W., Bantle, J. P., & Oppenheimer, J. H. (1987). Replacement dose, metabo¬lism, and bioavailability of levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Role of triiodothyronine in pituitary feedback in humans. N Engl J Med, 316, 764-70.
[7]	Roos, A., Linn-Rasker, S. P., van Domburg, R. T., Tijssen, J. P., & Berghout, A. (2005). The Starting Dose of Levothyroxine in Primary Hypothyroidism Treatment. A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind. Arch Intern Med, 2005, 165, 1714-20.
[8]	Karmisholt, J., Andersen, S., & Laurberg, P. (2011). Weight loss after therapy of hypothyroidism is mainly caused by excretion of excess body water associated with myxoedema. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011, 96, E99-103.
[9]	Sahu´n, M., Villabona, C., Rosel, P., Navarro, M. A., Ramo´n, J. M., Go´mez, J. M., & Soler, J. (2001). Water metabolism disturbances at different stages of primary thyroid failure. J Endocrinol, 168, 435-45.
[10]	Park, C. W., Shin, Y. S., Ahn, S. J., Kim, S. Y., Choi, E. J., Chang, Y. S., & Bang, B. K. (2001). Thyroxine treatment induces upregulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system due to decreasing effective plasma volume in patients with primary myxoedema. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 16, 1799-806.
[11]	Parving, H. H., Hansen, J. M., Nielsen, S. L., Rossing, N., Munck, O., & Lassen, N. A. (1979). Mechanisms of edema formation in myxedema: increased protein extravasation and relatively slow lymphatic drainage. N Engl J Med, 301, 460-5.
[12]	Plummer, W. A. (1940). Body weight in spontaneous myxedema. Trans Am Assoc Study Goiter, 88-98.
[13]	Hoogwerf, B. J., & Nuttall, F. Q. (1984). Long-term weight regulation in treated hyperthyroid and hypothyroid subjects. Am J Med, 76, 963-70.
[14]	Lee, S. Y., Braverman, L. E., & Pearce, E. N. (2014). Changes in body weight after treatment of primary hypothyroidism with levothyroxine. Endocr Pract, 20, 1122-8.
[15]	Lomenick, J. P., El-Sayyid, M., & Smith, W. J. (2008). Effect of levo-thyroxine treatment on weight and body mass index in children with acquired hypothyroidism. J Pediatr, 152, 96-100.

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Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam, Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Moinul Islam, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Rafiq Uddin, et al. (2019). Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 4(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11

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Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam; Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan; Moinul Islam; Mohammad Asaduzzaman; Mohammad Rafiq Uddin, et al. Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019, 4(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11

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AMA Style

Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam, Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Moinul Islam, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Rafiq Uddin, et al. Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;4(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11,
  author = {Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam and Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan and Moinul Islam and Mohammad Asaduzzaman and Mohammad Rafiq Uddin and Shiropa Islam and Mohammed Fariduddin},
  title = {Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20190401.11},
  abstract = {Weight loss due to diuresis is an early clinical response of treatment with levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism. The objective of this study was to evaluate weight changes in patients with primary hypothyroidism after 6 weeks of initiation of treatment with levothyroxine. This prospective observational follow up study included 99 newly diagnosed primary hypothyroid patients of 18-60 years of age of both sexes. The weight and height of each patient were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated both at the time of enrollment and at the end of 6 weeks of treatment with levothyroxine, and variables at the baseline and at follow up were compared. 93 patients out of 99 completed follow-up at 6±1 weeks. There were significant reduction in TSH level (85.1±51.6 vs. 1.87±0.9 µIU/mL, mean±SD) and increase in FT4 level (0.49±0.19 vs. 1.4±0.78 ng/dL, mean±SD) at follow up in comparison to their baseline values. Among the participants, 90.3% lost body weight while 5.4% gained weight and 4.3% of subjects didn’t show any change in their weight at the end of the study. The mean body weight and mean BMI after levothyroxine replacement were significantly lower (weight 62.2±13.7 vs. 59.0±12.1 kg, BMI 25.1±4.6 vs. 23.8±4.1 Kg/M2, mean±SD) than the pretreatment values. The mean changes in body weight and BMI were 3.19±0.32 Kg (mean±SEM) and 1.31±0.14 Kg/M2 (mean±SEM) respectively. The mean changes in body weight and BMI did not differ significantly among subjects with different TSH categories. No statistically significant effect of any individual predictors like age, gender, and socioeconomic status, weight at baseline, baseline TSH, baseline FT4 and presence of thyroid autoimmunity was observed on weight change. Levothyroxine replacement was associated with a significant reduction of mean body weight and BMI at short-term follow up in our study, though not all patients experienced weight loss.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects
AU - Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam
AU - Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
AU - Moinul Islam
AU - Mohammad Asaduzzaman
AU - Mohammad Rafiq Uddin
AU - Shiropa Islam
AU - Mohammed Fariduddin
Y1 - 2019/01/29
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11
T2 - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JF - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JO - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-1371
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11
AB - Weight loss due to diuresis is an early clinical response of treatment with levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism. The objective of this study was to evaluate weight changes in patients with primary hypothyroidism after 6 weeks of initiation of treatment with levothyroxine. This prospective observational follow up study included 99 newly diagnosed primary hypothyroid patients of 18-60 years of age of both sexes. The weight and height of each patient were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated both at the time of enrollment and at the end of 6 weeks of treatment with levothyroxine, and variables at the baseline and at follow up were compared. 93 patients out of 99 completed follow-up at 6±1 weeks. There were significant reduction in TSH level (85.1±51.6 vs. 1.87±0.9 µIU/mL, mean±SD) and increase in FT4 level (0.49±0.19 vs. 1.4±0.78 ng/dL, mean±SD) at follow up in comparison to their baseline values. Among the participants, 90.3% lost body weight while 5.4% gained weight and 4.3% of subjects didn’t show any change in their weight at the end of the study. The mean body weight and mean BMI after levothyroxine replacement were significantly lower (weight 62.2±13.7 vs. 59.0±12.1 kg, BMI 25.1±4.6 vs. 23.8±4.1 Kg/M2, mean±SD) than the pretreatment values. The mean changes in body weight and BMI were 3.19±0.32 Kg (mean±SEM) and 1.31±0.14 Kg/M2 (mean±SEM) respectively. The mean changes in body weight and BMI did not differ significantly among subjects with different TSH categories. No statistically significant effect of any individual predictors like age, gender, and socioeconomic status, weight at baseline, baseline TSH, baseline FT4 and presence of thyroid autoimmunity was observed on weight change. Levothyroxine replacement was associated with a significant reduction of mean body weight and BMI at short-term follow up in our study, though not all patients experienced weight loss.
VL - 4
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam

Department of Endocrinology, Colonel Abdul Malek Medical College, Manikganj, Bangladesh
Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan

Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Moinul Islam

Department of Endocrinology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Asaduzzaman

Medicine Outpatient Department, Shaheed Sheikh Abu Naser Specialized Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh
Mohammad Rafiq Uddin

Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Shiropa Islam

Department of Dermatology, Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammed Fariduddin

Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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APA Style

Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam, Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Moinul Islam, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Rafiq Uddin, et al. (2019). Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 4(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11

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ACS Style

Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam; Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan; Moinul Islam; Mohammad Asaduzzaman; Mohammad Rafiq Uddin, et al. Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019, 4(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11

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AMA Style

Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam, Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Moinul Islam, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Rafiq Uddin, et al. Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;4(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11,
  author = {Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam and Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul Hasan and Moinul Islam and Mohammad Asaduzzaman and Mohammad Rafiq Uddin and Shiropa Islam and Mohammed Fariduddin},
  title = {Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20190401.11},
  abstract = {Weight loss due to diuresis is an early clinical response of treatment with levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism. The objective of this study was to evaluate weight changes in patients with primary hypothyroidism after 6 weeks of initiation of treatment with levothyroxine. This prospective observational follow up study included 99 newly diagnosed primary hypothyroid patients of 18-60 years of age of both sexes. The weight and height of each patient were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated both at the time of enrollment and at the end of 6 weeks of treatment with levothyroxine, and variables at the baseline and at follow up were compared. 93 patients out of 99 completed follow-up at 6±1 weeks. There were significant reduction in TSH level (85.1±51.6 vs. 1.87±0.9 µIU/mL, mean±SD) and increase in FT4 level (0.49±0.19 vs. 1.4±0.78 ng/dL, mean±SD) at follow up in comparison to their baseline values. Among the participants, 90.3% lost body weight while 5.4% gained weight and 4.3% of subjects didn’t show any change in their weight at the end of the study. The mean body weight and mean BMI after levothyroxine replacement were significantly lower (weight 62.2±13.7 vs. 59.0±12.1 kg, BMI 25.1±4.6 vs. 23.8±4.1 Kg/M2, mean±SD) than the pretreatment values. The mean changes in body weight and BMI were 3.19±0.32 Kg (mean±SEM) and 1.31±0.14 Kg/M2 (mean±SEM) respectively. The mean changes in body weight and BMI did not differ significantly among subjects with different TSH categories. No statistically significant effect of any individual predictors like age, gender, and socioeconomic status, weight at baseline, baseline TSH, baseline FT4 and presence of thyroid autoimmunity was observed on weight change. Levothyroxine replacement was associated with a significant reduction of mean body weight and BMI at short-term follow up in our study, though not all patients experienced weight loss.},
 year = {2019}
}

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