Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana

Agyemang-Yeboah Francis; Debrah Oksana; Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy; Asmah Harry Richard; Seini Mustapha Mohammed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana

Agyemang-Yeboah Francis, Debrah Oksana, Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy, Asmah Harry Richard, Seini Mustapha Mohammed

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 30 August 2018 Accepted: 21 September 2018 Published: 23 October 2018

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Abstract

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common human viral infections worldwide and associated with increased risk for other sexually transmitted infections, such as HPV. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of population data on the joint epidemiology of HPV-HSV infections in Ghana. In order to determine the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 co-infection with HPV and associated risk factors, 317 asymptomatic women attending the Cervicare Centers in Ghana were invited to participate in cross-sectional study. Serum HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG were determined by ELISA method. Genomic DNA from cervical swabs was extracted using QIAamp Mini kit. HPV-DNA detection was carried out by nested multiplex PCR as was described by Sotlar et al., (2004). The mean age of study participants was 40.7 years (SD ± 11.2). Our result showed the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection among HPV positive women as 98.6% and 80.4% respectively. Among unscreened women participating in the study the co-infection of HSV-1/HPV and HSV-2/HPV was 42.9% and 35.0%, respectively. Age of coitache was associated with sero-prevalence of HSV-1 (p=0.010), HPV infection (p=0.016), and with co-infection HPV and HSV-1 (p=0.025), HPV and HSV-2 (p=0.011) and weakly with single HSV-2 infection (p=0.054). In conclusion, the high prevalence of co-infection was due to the endemicity and inadequate intervention in the study population. A woman’s age of sexual debut was a strong risk factor for co-infection of HPV and HSV-1 or HSV-2. The outcome of this novel observation stresses the urgent need to develop appropriate interventional strategies to manage and cancel patients presenting with asymptomatic genital herpes.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11
Page(s)	45-51
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Co-infection, Ghana, Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Papilloma Virus

References

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Agyemang-Yeboah Francis, Debrah Oksana, Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy, Asmah Harry Richard, Seini Mustapha Mohammed. (2018). Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 3(3), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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Agyemang-Yeboah Francis; Debrah Oksana; Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy; Asmah Harry Richard; Seini Mustapha Mohammed. Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2018, 3(3), 45-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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AMA Style

Agyemang-Yeboah Francis, Debrah Oksana, Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy, Asmah Harry Richard, Seini Mustapha Mohammed. Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2018;3(3):45-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11,
  author = {Agyemang-Yeboah Francis and Debrah Oksana and Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy and Asmah Harry Richard and Seini Mustapha Mohammed},
  title = {Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {45-51},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20180303.11},
  abstract = {Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common human viral infections worldwide and associated with increased risk for other sexually transmitted infections, such as HPV. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of population data on the joint epidemiology of HPV-HSV infections in Ghana. In order to determine the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 co-infection with HPV and associated risk factors, 317 asymptomatic women attending the Cervicare Centers in Ghana were invited to participate in cross-sectional study. Serum HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG were determined by ELISA method. Genomic DNA from cervical swabs was extracted using QIAamp Mini kit. HPV-DNA detection was carried out by nested multiplex PCR as was described by Sotlar et al., (2004). The mean age of study participants was 40.7 years (SD ± 11.2). Our result showed the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection among HPV positive women as 98.6% and 80.4% respectively. Among unscreened women participating in the study the co-infection of HSV-1/HPV and HSV-2/HPV was 42.9% and 35.0%, respectively. Age of coitache was associated with sero-prevalence of HSV-1 (p=0.010), HPV infection (p=0.016), and with co-infection HPV and HSV-1 (p=0.025), HPV and HSV-2 (p=0.011) and weakly with single HSV-2 infection (p=0.054). In conclusion, the high prevalence of co-infection was due to the endemicity and inadequate intervention in the study population. A woman’s age of sexual debut was a strong risk factor for co-infection of HPV and HSV-1 or HSV-2. The outcome of this novel observation stresses the urgent need to develop appropriate interventional strategies to manage and cancel patients presenting with asymptomatic genital herpes.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana
AU - Agyemang-Yeboah Francis
AU - Debrah Oksana
AU - Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy
AU - Asmah Harry Richard
AU - Seini Mustapha Mohammed
Y1 - 2018/10/23
PY - 2018
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11
T2 - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP - 45
EP - 51
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-966X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11
AB - Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common human viral infections worldwide and associated with increased risk for other sexually transmitted infections, such as HPV. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of population data on the joint epidemiology of HPV-HSV infections in Ghana. In order to determine the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 co-infection with HPV and associated risk factors, 317 asymptomatic women attending the Cervicare Centers in Ghana were invited to participate in cross-sectional study. Serum HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG were determined by ELISA method. Genomic DNA from cervical swabs was extracted using QIAamp Mini kit. HPV-DNA detection was carried out by nested multiplex PCR as was described by Sotlar et al., (2004). The mean age of study participants was 40.7 years (SD ± 11.2). Our result showed the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection among HPV positive women as 98.6% and 80.4% respectively. Among unscreened women participating in the study the co-infection of HSV-1/HPV and HSV-2/HPV was 42.9% and 35.0%, respectively. Age of coitache was associated with sero-prevalence of HSV-1 (p=0.010), HPV infection (p=0.016), and with co-infection HPV and HSV-1 (p=0.025), HPV and HSV-2 (p=0.011) and weakly with single HSV-2 infection (p=0.054). In conclusion, the high prevalence of co-infection was due to the endemicity and inadequate intervention in the study population. A woman’s age of sexual debut was a strong risk factor for co-infection of HPV and HSV-1 or HSV-2. The outcome of this novel observation stresses the urgent need to develop appropriate interventional strategies to manage and cancel patients presenting with asymptomatic genital herpes.
VL - 3
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Agyemang-Yeboah Francis

Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Debrah Oksana

Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy

Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Asmah Harry Richard

College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
Seini Mustapha Mohammed

Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

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APA Style

Agyemang-Yeboah Francis, Debrah Oksana, Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy, Asmah Harry Richard, Seini Mustapha Mohammed. (2018). Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 3(3), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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Agyemang-Yeboah Francis; Debrah Oksana; Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy; Asmah Harry Richard; Seini Mustapha Mohammed. Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2018, 3(3), 45-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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AMA Style

Agyemang-Yeboah Francis, Debrah Oksana, Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy, Asmah Harry Richard, Seini Mustapha Mohammed. Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2018;3(3):45-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11,
  author = {Agyemang-Yeboah Francis and Debrah Oksana and Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy and Asmah Harry Richard and Seini Mustapha Mohammed},
  title = {Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {45-51},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20180303.11},
  abstract = {Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common human viral infections worldwide and associated with increased risk for other sexually transmitted infections, such as HPV. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of population data on the joint epidemiology of HPV-HSV infections in Ghana. In order to determine the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 co-infection with HPV and associated risk factors, 317 asymptomatic women attending the Cervicare Centers in Ghana were invited to participate in cross-sectional study. Serum HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG were determined by ELISA method. Genomic DNA from cervical swabs was extracted using QIAamp Mini kit. HPV-DNA detection was carried out by nested multiplex PCR as was described by Sotlar et al., (2004). The mean age of study participants was 40.7 years (SD ± 11.2). Our result showed the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection among HPV positive women as 98.6% and 80.4% respectively. Among unscreened women participating in the study the co-infection of HSV-1/HPV and HSV-2/HPV was 42.9% and 35.0%, respectively. Age of coitache was associated with sero-prevalence of HSV-1 (p=0.010), HPV infection (p=0.016), and with co-infection HPV and HSV-1 (p=0.025), HPV and HSV-2 (p=0.011) and weakly with single HSV-2 infection (p=0.054). In conclusion, the high prevalence of co-infection was due to the endemicity and inadequate intervention in the study population. A woman’s age of sexual debut was a strong risk factor for co-infection of HPV and HSV-1 or HSV-2. The outcome of this novel observation stresses the urgent need to develop appropriate interventional strategies to manage and cancel patients presenting with asymptomatic genital herpes.},
 year = {2018}
}

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