Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria

Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon; Matur Bernard Malau; Malann Yoila David; Njab Jean Emile

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11

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Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria

Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon, Matur Bernard Malau, Malann Yoila David, Njab Jean Emile

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 27 August 2020 Accepted: 14 September 2020 Published: 7 October 2020

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Abstract

The study on the performance of four rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits (Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart kits) in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum was carried in North Central Nigeria for a period of twelve months to evaluate the performance of the kits using samples of symptomatic patients attending clinic. The performance of the kits was compared with that of microscopy as standard. Result of the sensitivity of the four RDT kits revealed that Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart recorded 86.50%, 84.90%, 86.50% and 83.70% respectively while their level of specificity was 95.40%, 95.30%, 95.80% and 96.00% respectively. The four kits recorded no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity (p>0.005). SD Bioline, however, demonstrated the highest accuracy of 92.90% while LabAcon had the lowest accuracy (92.10%). The positive predictive values and negative predictive values of the four kits were; Global (87.80% and 94.10%), SD Bioline (87.80% and 94.30%), LabAcon (86.20% and 94.10%) and CareStart (85.00% and 94.60%). There was no significant difference in either the accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four kits (p >0.005). The overall performance of the four kits was also insignificantly different (p>0.005). The performance of the four kits was statistically different compared with microscopy test (p<0.005), so the RDT kits cannot replace microscopy, being the gold standard but can, however, be used for malaria diagnoses for ease of analysis.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11
Page(s)	106-111
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sensitivity, Specificity, Malaria, Accuracy, Predictive Value

References

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[2]	Harchut, K., Standly, C., Dobson, A., Klaasen, B., Rambaud-Althaus, C., Althaus, F. and Nowak, K., (2013). Over-diagnosis of malaria by microscopy in the Kilombero valley, Southern Tanzania: an evaluation of the utility and cost effectiveness of the rapid diagnostic tests. Malar J., 12: 159-10.1186/1475-2875-12-159.
[3]	Oguonu, T., Shu, E., Ezeonwu, B. U., Lige, B., Derrick, A., Umeh, R. E. and Agbo, E. (2014). The performance evaluation of a urine malaria test (UMT) kit for the diagnosis of malaria in individuals with fever in south-east Nigeria: cross-sectional analytical study. Malaria Journal. 13: 403.
[4]	Chesbrough, M. (2005). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 1. Second edition. Cambridge low priced editions. Pp 239-258.
[5]	WHO (2004). Manual of basic techniques for a health laboratory. Pp 179-182.
[6]	Maltha, J., Gillet, P., Bottieau, E., Cnops, L., van Esbroeck, M. and Jacobs, J. (2010). Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test (CareStart Malaria HRP-2/pLDH (Pf/pan) Combo Test) for the diagnosis of malaria in a reference setting. Malar J.; 9: 171.
[7]	Djalle, D., Gody, J. C., Moyen, J. M., Tekpa, G., Ipero, J. and Madji, N. (2014). Performance of Paracheck-Pf, SD Bioline malaria Ag-Pf and SD Bioline malaria Ag-Pf/pan for diagnosis of falciparum malaria in the Central African Republic. BMC Infect Dis.; 14: 109.
[8]	Gasser, R. A., Ruebush, T. K., Miller, R. S., Sirichaisinthop, J., Forney, J. R. and Bautista, C. T. (2005). Malaria diagnosis: Performance of NOW ICT malaria in large scale field trial. AJTMH; 54th Annual Meeting.
[9]	Pieroni, P., Mills, C. D., Ohrt, C., Harrington, M. A. and Kain, K. C. (1998). Comparison of the ParaSight F and the ICT malaria Pf test with the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of malaria in travelers. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92: 166-169.
[10]	WHO (2004a). WHO Informal consultation on Laboratory Methods for Quality Assurance of malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests. WHO Regional Office for Western Pacific. Manila, Philippines, 20-22 July, 2004.
[11]	Wongsrichanalai, C., Pornsilapatip, J., Namsiriponpun, V., Pansamdang and Wilde, H. (1991). Acridine orange fluorescent microscopy and the detection of malaria in population with low density parasitemia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44: 17-20.
[12]	Daniel, M. P., Rupam, T., Thomas, J. P., Richard, J. M., Chea, N., Jeremy, C., Pasathorn, S., Mallika, I., Lorenz von, S., Nicholas, J. W. and Arjan, M. D (2017). A multi- level spartial analysis of clinical malaria and subclinical Plasmodium infections in Pailin Province, Cambodia. Heliyon; 3 (11) e00447.
[13]	Elizabeth, W. W., Nickline, K., Collins, M., Mark, H., Jacob, D. J., Carolyne, M., Lalaine, A., Bernhards, O. and Colin, O. (2016). Field evaluation of diagnostic performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in western Kenya. Malaria Journal. 15: 456.

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APA Style

Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon, Matur Bernard Malau, Malann Yoila David, Njab Jean Emile. (2020). Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 5(4), 106-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11

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ACS Style

Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon; Matur Bernard Malau; Malann Yoila David; Njab Jean Emile. Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2020, 5(4), 106-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11

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AMA Style

Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon, Matur Bernard Malau, Malann Yoila David, Njab Jean Emile. Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2020;5(4):106-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11,
  author = {Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon and Matur Bernard Malau and Malann Yoila David and Njab Jean Emile},
  title = {Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {106-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20200504.11},
  abstract = {The study on the performance of four rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits (Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart kits) in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum was carried in North Central Nigeria for a period of twelve months to evaluate the performance of the kits using samples of symptomatic patients attending clinic. The performance of the kits was compared with that of microscopy as standard. Result of the sensitivity of the four RDT kits revealed that Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart recorded 86.50%, 84.90%, 86.50% and 83.70% respectively while their level of specificity was 95.40%, 95.30%, 95.80% and 96.00% respectively. The four kits recorded no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity (p>0.005). SD Bioline, however, demonstrated the highest accuracy of 92.90% while LabAcon had the lowest accuracy (92.10%). The positive predictive values and negative predictive values of the four kits were; Global (87.80% and 94.10%), SD Bioline (87.80% and 94.30%), LabAcon (86.20% and 94.10%) and CareStart (85.00% and 94.60%). There was no significant difference in either the accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four kits (p >0.005). The overall performance of the four kits was also insignificantly different (p>0.005). The performance of the four kits was statistically different compared with microscopy test (p<0.005), so the RDT kits cannot replace microscopy, being the gold standard but can, however, be used for malaria diagnoses for ease of analysis.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria
AU  - Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon
AU  - Matur Bernard Malau
AU  - Malann Yoila David
AU  - Njab Jean Emile
Y1  - 2020/10/07
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 106
EP  - 111
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11
AB  - The study on the performance of four rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits (Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart kits) in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum was carried in North Central Nigeria for a period of twelve months to evaluate the performance of the kits using samples of symptomatic patients attending clinic. The performance of the kits was compared with that of microscopy as standard. Result of the sensitivity of the four RDT kits revealed that Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart recorded 86.50%, 84.90%, 86.50% and 83.70% respectively while their level of specificity was 95.40%, 95.30%, 95.80% and 96.00% respectively. The four kits recorded no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity (p>0.005). SD Bioline, however, demonstrated the highest accuracy of 92.90% while LabAcon had the lowest accuracy (92.10%). The positive predictive values and negative predictive values of the four kits were; Global (87.80% and 94.10%), SD Bioline (87.80% and 94.30%), LabAcon (86.20% and 94.10%) and CareStart (85.00% and 94.60%). There was no significant difference in either the accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four kits (p >0.005). The overall performance of the four kits was also insignificantly different (p>0.005). The performance of the four kits was statistically different compared with microscopy test (p<0.005), so the RDT kits cannot replace microscopy, being the gold standard but can, however, be used for malaria diagnoses for ease of analysis.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon

National Malaria Elimination Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Matur Bernard Malau

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
Malann Yoila David

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
Njab Jean Emile

TQMLAB Project for Africa, Abuja, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon, Matur Bernard Malau, Malann Yoila David, Njab Jean Emile. (2020). Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 5(4), 106-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11

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ACS Style

Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon; Matur Bernard Malau; Malann Yoila David; Njab Jean Emile. Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2020, 5(4), 106-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11

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AMA Style

Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon, Matur Bernard Malau, Malann Yoila David, Njab Jean Emile. Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2020;5(4):106-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11,
  author = {Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon and Matur Bernard Malau and Malann Yoila David and Njab Jean Emile},
  title = {Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {106-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20200504.11},
  abstract = {The study on the performance of four rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits (Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart kits) in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum was carried in North Central Nigeria for a period of twelve months to evaluate the performance of the kits using samples of symptomatic patients attending clinic. The performance of the kits was compared with that of microscopy as standard. Result of the sensitivity of the four RDT kits revealed that Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart recorded 86.50%, 84.90%, 86.50% and 83.70% respectively while their level of specificity was 95.40%, 95.30%, 95.80% and 96.00% respectively. The four kits recorded no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity (p>0.005). SD Bioline, however, demonstrated the highest accuracy of 92.90% while LabAcon had the lowest accuracy (92.10%). The positive predictive values and negative predictive values of the four kits were; Global (87.80% and 94.10%), SD Bioline (87.80% and 94.30%), LabAcon (86.20% and 94.10%) and CareStart (85.00% and 94.60%). There was no significant difference in either the accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four kits (p >0.005). The overall performance of the four kits was also insignificantly different (p>0.005). The performance of the four kits was statistically different compared with microscopy test (p<0.005), so the RDT kits cannot replace microscopy, being the gold standard but can, however, be used for malaria diagnoses for ease of analysis.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Performance of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in the Diagnosis of Malaria in North Central Nigeria
AU  - Ijezie Ntomchukwu Simon
AU  - Matur Bernard Malau
AU  - Malann Yoila David
AU  - Njab Jean Emile
Y1  - 2020/10/07
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 106
EP  - 111
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.11
AB  - The study on the performance of four rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits (Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart kits) in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum was carried in North Central Nigeria for a period of twelve months to evaluate the performance of the kits using samples of symptomatic patients attending clinic. The performance of the kits was compared with that of microscopy as standard. Result of the sensitivity of the four RDT kits revealed that Global, LabAcon, SD Bioline and CareStart recorded 86.50%, 84.90%, 86.50% and 83.70% respectively while their level of specificity was 95.40%, 95.30%, 95.80% and 96.00% respectively. The four kits recorded no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity (p>0.005). SD Bioline, however, demonstrated the highest accuracy of 92.90% while LabAcon had the lowest accuracy (92.10%). The positive predictive values and negative predictive values of the four kits were; Global (87.80% and 94.10%), SD Bioline (87.80% and 94.30%), LabAcon (86.20% and 94.10%) and CareStart (85.00% and 94.60%). There was no significant difference in either the accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four kits (p >0.005). The overall performance of the four kits was also insignificantly different (p>0.005). The performance of the four kits was statistically different compared with microscopy test (p<0.005), so the RDT kits cannot replace microscopy, being the gold standard but can, however, be used for malaria diagnoses for ease of analysis.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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