Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report

Zhu Wenfang; Zhang Yiwen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14

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Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report

Zhu Wenfang, Zhang Yiwen

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 24 July 2021 Accepted: 9 August 2021 Published: 18 August 2021

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Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary infection is a common disease in respiratory department. Different pathogens may lead to the same clinical symptoms and imaging changes, and the same pathogen may also lead to different clinical symptoms and imaging changes. It is often difficult to identify specific pathogens in pulmonary infection. Sometimes the patient’s condition is delayed due to the doctor’s inability to judge the specific pathogen well and the failure to carry out targeted treatment. We share this case and hope that doctors can enhance their understanding of this disease, minimize misdiagnosis and enhance the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Case report: This case reported a patient with recurrent fever, which was misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and developed high fever after diagnostic anti-tuberculosis treatment. The posterior pleural effusion next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that the patient was empyema caused by streptococcus pharyngitis combined with anaerobic infection. After anti-infection with teicoplanin and levofloxacin, the patient's body temperature was normal, lung shadow and pleural effusion were completely absorbed. Discussion/Conclusions: In clinical work, we should be vigilant against false positive T cell spot test (T-SPOT.TB), make rational use of NGS and other detection methods, identify specific pathogens as soon as possible, and carry out reasonable targeted treatment.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14
Page(s)	116-118
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Streptococcus Pharyngitis, Anaerobes, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Empyema, Case Report

References

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[2]	Jiang, B., Ding, H., Zhou, L., et al. (2016), Evaluation of interferon-gamma release assay (T-SPOT.TB^™) for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in rheumatic disease patients. Int J Rheum Dis, 19: 38-42.
[3]	Di, L, Li, Y. The risk factor of false-negative and false-positive for T-SPOT.TB in active tuberculosis. J Clin Lab Anal. 2018; 32: e22273.
[4]	Whiley, R. A., Hardie, J. M. (2015). Steptococcus. In Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (eds M. E. Trujillo, S. Dedysh, P. DeVos, B. Hedlund, P. Kämpfer, F. A. Rainey and W. B. Whitman.
[5]	Kobo O, Nikola S, Geffen Y, et al. The pyogenic potential of the different Streptococcus anginosus group bacterial species: retrospective cohort study. Epidemiol Infect. 2017; 145 (14): 3065-3069.
[6]	Horio, Y., Shiraishi, Y., Watanabe, N., et al. (2017) Empyema associated with Campylobacter curvus infection. Respirology Case Reports, 5 (4), e00234.
[7]	Kobashi Y, Mouri K, Yagi S, et al. Clinical analysis of cases of empyema due to Streptococcus milleri group. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008; 61 (6): 484-486.
[8]	Wong CA, Donald F, Macfarlane JT. Streptococcus milleri pulmonary disease: a review and clinical description of 25 patients. Thorax. 1995; 50 (10): 1093-1096.
[9]	Hata R, Kawanami T, Noguchi S, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with bacterial pleuritis in the presence of Streptococcus anginosus group and obligate anaerobes detected by clone library analysis. Clin Respir J. 2020; 14 (3): 267-276.
[10]	Shinzato T, Uema H, Inadome J, et al. Bacteriological and clinical studies in 23 cases of thoracic empyema--the role of oral streptococci and anaerobes [J]. Nihon Kyōbu Shikkan Gakkai zasshi, 1993, 31 (4): 486-491.
[11]	Mukae H, Noguchi S, Naito K, et al. The Importance of Obligate Anaerobes and the Streptococcus anginosus Group in Pulmonary Abscess: A Clone Library Analysis Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid. Respiration. 2016; 92 (2): 80-89.
[12]	Noguchi Shingo, Yatera Kazuhiro, Kawanami Toshinori, et al. Association between obligatory anaerobes and empyema caused by Streptococcus anginosus group bacteria [J]. Respiratory investigation, 2021; S2212-5345 (21) 00079-4.
[13]	Chapman, S. J., Davies, R. J. O. (2004), The management of pleural space infections. Respirology, 9: 4-11.
[14]	Chan, P., Crawford, O., Wallis, C., et al. (2000), Treatment of pleural empyema. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 36: 375-377.
[15]	Khakoo, G. A., Goldstraw, P., Hansell, D. M. and Bush, A. (1996), Surgical treatment of parapneumonic empyema. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 22: 348-356.

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APA Style

Zhu Wenfang, Zhang Yiwen. (2021). Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 6(3), 116-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14

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ACS Style

Zhu Wenfang; Zhang Yiwen. Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2021, 6(3), 116-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14

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AMA Style

Zhu Wenfang, Zhang Yiwen. Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2021;6(3):116-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14,
  author = {Zhu Wenfang and Zhang Yiwen},
  title = {Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {116-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20210603.14},
  abstract = {Introduction: Pulmonary infection is a common disease in respiratory department. Different pathogens may lead to the same clinical symptoms and imaging changes, and the same pathogen may also lead to different clinical symptoms and imaging changes. It is often difficult to identify specific pathogens in pulmonary infection. Sometimes the patient’s condition is delayed due to the doctor’s inability to judge the specific pathogen well and the failure to carry out targeted treatment. We share this case and hope that doctors can enhance their understanding of this disease, minimize misdiagnosis and enhance the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Case report: This case reported a patient with recurrent fever, which was misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and developed high fever after diagnostic anti-tuberculosis treatment. The posterior pleural effusion next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that the patient was empyema caused by streptococcus pharyngitis combined with anaerobic infection. After anti-infection with teicoplanin and levofloxacin, the patient's body temperature was normal, lung shadow and pleural effusion were completely absorbed. Discussion/Conclusions: In clinical work, we should be vigilant against false positive T cell spot test (T-SPOT.TB), make rational use of NGS and other detection methods, identify specific pathogens as soon as possible, and carry out reasonable targeted treatment.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report
AU  - Zhu Wenfang
AU  - Zhang Yiwen
Y1  - 2021/08/18
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 116
EP  - 118
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14
AB  - Introduction: Pulmonary infection is a common disease in respiratory department. Different pathogens may lead to the same clinical symptoms and imaging changes, and the same pathogen may also lead to different clinical symptoms and imaging changes. It is often difficult to identify specific pathogens in pulmonary infection. Sometimes the patient’s condition is delayed due to the doctor’s inability to judge the specific pathogen well and the failure to carry out targeted treatment. We share this case and hope that doctors can enhance their understanding of this disease, minimize misdiagnosis and enhance the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Case report: This case reported a patient with recurrent fever, which was misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and developed high fever after diagnostic anti-tuberculosis treatment. The posterior pleural effusion next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that the patient was empyema caused by streptococcus pharyngitis combined with anaerobic infection. After anti-infection with teicoplanin and levofloxacin, the patient's body temperature was normal, lung shadow and pleural effusion were completely absorbed. Discussion/Conclusions: In clinical work, we should be vigilant against false positive T cell spot test (T-SPOT.TB), make rational use of NGS and other detection methods, identify specific pathogens as soon as possible, and carry out reasonable targeted treatment.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Zhu Wenfang

Departments of Respiratory Medicine [Branch 3], Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
Zhang Yiwen

Departments of Respiratory Medicine [Branch 3], Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China

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APA Style

Zhu Wenfang, Zhang Yiwen. (2021). Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 6(3), 116-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14

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ACS Style

Zhu Wenfang; Zhang Yiwen. Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2021, 6(3), 116-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14

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AMA Style

Zhu Wenfang, Zhang Yiwen. Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2021;6(3):116-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14,
  author = {Zhu Wenfang and Zhang Yiwen},
  title = {Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {116-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20210603.14},
  abstract = {Introduction: Pulmonary infection is a common disease in respiratory department. Different pathogens may lead to the same clinical symptoms and imaging changes, and the same pathogen may also lead to different clinical symptoms and imaging changes. It is often difficult to identify specific pathogens in pulmonary infection. Sometimes the patient’s condition is delayed due to the doctor’s inability to judge the specific pathogen well and the failure to carry out targeted treatment. We share this case and hope that doctors can enhance their understanding of this disease, minimize misdiagnosis and enhance the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Case report: This case reported a patient with recurrent fever, which was misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and developed high fever after diagnostic anti-tuberculosis treatment. The posterior pleural effusion next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that the patient was empyema caused by streptococcus pharyngitis combined with anaerobic infection. After anti-infection with teicoplanin and levofloxacin, the patient's body temperature was normal, lung shadow and pleural effusion were completely absorbed. Discussion/Conclusions: In clinical work, we should be vigilant against false positive T cell spot test (T-SPOT.TB), make rational use of NGS and other detection methods, identify specific pathogens as soon as possible, and carry out reasonable targeted treatment.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Streptococcus Pharyngitis with Anaerobes Infection Misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report
AU  - Zhu Wenfang
AU  - Zhang Yiwen
Y1  - 2021/08/18
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 116
EP  - 118
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20210603.14
AB  - Introduction: Pulmonary infection is a common disease in respiratory department. Different pathogens may lead to the same clinical symptoms and imaging changes, and the same pathogen may also lead to different clinical symptoms and imaging changes. It is often difficult to identify specific pathogens in pulmonary infection. Sometimes the patient’s condition is delayed due to the doctor’s inability to judge the specific pathogen well and the failure to carry out targeted treatment. We share this case and hope that doctors can enhance their understanding of this disease, minimize misdiagnosis and enhance the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Case report: This case reported a patient with recurrent fever, which was misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and developed high fever after diagnostic anti-tuberculosis treatment. The posterior pleural effusion next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that the patient was empyema caused by streptococcus pharyngitis combined with anaerobic infection. After anti-infection with teicoplanin and levofloxacin, the patient's body temperature was normal, lung shadow and pleural effusion were completely absorbed. Discussion/Conclusions: In clinical work, we should be vigilant against false positive T cell spot test (T-SPOT.TB), make rational use of NGS and other detection methods, identify specific pathogens as soon as possible, and carry out reasonable targeted treatment.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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