Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study

Mike Wachata Siamondole

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15

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Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study

Mike Wachata Siamondole

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 8, Issue 1)

Received: 6 January 2023 Accepted: 27 January 2023 Published: 9 March 2023

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Abstract

Scabies is a parasitic infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis which is a microscopic mite that burrows into the skin and lays eggs. Prevalence of the condition range from 0.2% to 71% globally. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the suspected community scabies outbreak in Katondo Health Post of Kasenengwa District and bring out the significant associated factors. Unmatched case control study was conducted (1:2 case control ratio). Suspected outbreak was identified through weekly notifiable report. Desk review of the Out Patient Register (OPD) was done to determine additional suspected cases. Structured questionnaire was administered to collect risk factors data. Total study participants were therefore cases with clinical signs of symptoms unmatched to controls within the area. Frequency tables were used to present demographic variables. Attack rate was used to measure morbidity. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine risk factors. Total of 64 clinical scabies cases were recorded giving an attack rate of 1/100 people. Mandondo zone which was the index case zone recorded the highest attack rate of 3/100 people. Mean age of the cases was 18 with range of 11-56 years. Statistically significant factors associated with the outbreak were Low education ((OR=4.9, 95% CI=1.34-6.45, P-Value=0.014), record of exchanging clothes (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.45-5.34, P value 0.001), Skin contact with suspected case (OR=2.5, 95% CI=0.74-8.68, P Value=0.012), bathing less than 3 times per week (OR=5.4, 95% CI=2.38-14.43, P value: 0.000). Protective factors were, use of soap for bathing (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.21-2.71, P value=0.003), family member less than 5 (OR=0.12, 95% CI= 0.12-0.06, P Value=0.000). From the results, it can be deduced that scabies outbreak occurred in Katondo Health Facility. Low education, record of exchanging clothes, bathing less than 3 times per week, and skin contact with the suspected case were the risk factors associated with outbreak. Epidemic protective factors were, use of soap for bathing and belonging to a household with family members less than 5. Providing risk factors-based health education on prevention and controls especially, at health facility and community level were recommended.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15
Page(s)	39-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Community Scabies, Outbreak Investigation, Kasenengwa District

References

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[12]	Maryland Department of Health (Scabies Control). Maryland.org. [Online].; 2018 [cited 2022 November 12. Available from: https://health.maryland.gov/phpa/Pages/scabies-guidelines.aspx#:~:text=Case%3A%20A%20confirmed%20case%20of,of%20a%20persistent%20pruritic%20rash.
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[15]	Santos MMd, Amaral S, Harmen SP, Joseph HM, Fernandes JL, Counahan ML. The prevalence of common skin infections in four districts in Timor-Leste: a cross sectional survey. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2010 March; 10 (61) (2010)).
[16]	Wochebo W, Asnake YHS. Scabies outbreak investigation and risk factors in Kechabira district, Southern Ethiopia: unmatched case control study. BMC Research Notes. 2019 May 18; 12 (305).
[17]	Kaburi BB, Donne Kofi Ameme GAA, Dadzie D, Tender EK, Addeh SV, Aryyee T, et al. Outbreak of scabies among preschool children, Accra, Ghana, 2017. BMC Public Health. 2019 June; 19 (756) (2019)).
[18]	Feldmeier H, Heukelbach J. Epidermal parasitic skin diseases: a neglected category of poverty-associated plagues. Bull World Health Organ. 2009 February; 87 (2) (152-9).
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Mike Wachata Siamondole. (2023). Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 8(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15

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ACS Style

Mike Wachata Siamondole. Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2023, 8(1), 39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15

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Mike Wachata Siamondole. Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2023;8(1):39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15,
  author = {Mike Wachata Siamondole},
  title = {Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20230801.15},
  abstract = {Scabies is a parasitic infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis which is a microscopic mite that burrows into the skin and lays eggs. Prevalence of the condition range from 0.2% to 71% globally. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the suspected community scabies outbreak in Katondo Health Post of Kasenengwa District and bring out the significant associated factors. Unmatched case control study was conducted (1:2 case control ratio). Suspected outbreak was identified through weekly notifiable report. Desk review of the Out Patient Register (OPD) was done to determine additional suspected cases. Structured questionnaire was administered to collect risk factors data. Total study participants were therefore cases with clinical signs of symptoms unmatched to controls within the area. Frequency tables were used to present demographic variables. Attack rate was used to measure morbidity. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine risk factors. Total of 64 clinical scabies cases were recorded giving an attack rate of 1/100 people. Mandondo zone which was the index case zone recorded the highest attack rate of 3/100 people. Mean age of the cases was 18 with range of 11-56 years. Statistically significant factors associated with the outbreak were Low education ((OR=4.9, 95% CI=1.34-6.45, P-Value=0.014), record of exchanging clothes (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.45-5.34, P value 0.001), Skin contact with suspected case (OR=2.5, 95% CI=0.74-8.68, P Value=0.012), bathing less than 3 times per week (OR=5.4, 95% CI=2.38-14.43, P value: 0.000). Protective factors were, use of soap for bathing (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.21-2.71, P value=0.003), family member less than 5 (OR=0.12, 95% CI= 0.12-0.06, P Value=0.000). From the results, it can be deduced that scabies outbreak occurred in Katondo Health Facility. Low education, record of exchanging clothes, bathing less than 3 times per week, and skin contact with the suspected case were the risk factors associated with outbreak. Epidemic protective factors were, use of soap for bathing and belonging to a household with family members less than 5. Providing risk factors-based health education on prevention and controls especially, at health facility and community level were recommended.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study
AU - Mike Wachata Siamondole
Y1 - 2023/03/09
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15
DO - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15
T2 - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP - 39
EP - 45
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-966X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15
AB - Scabies is a parasitic infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis which is a microscopic mite that burrows into the skin and lays eggs. Prevalence of the condition range from 0.2% to 71% globally. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the suspected community scabies outbreak in Katondo Health Post of Kasenengwa District and bring out the significant associated factors. Unmatched case control study was conducted (1:2 case control ratio). Suspected outbreak was identified through weekly notifiable report. Desk review of the Out Patient Register (OPD) was done to determine additional suspected cases. Structured questionnaire was administered to collect risk factors data. Total study participants were therefore cases with clinical signs of symptoms unmatched to controls within the area. Frequency tables were used to present demographic variables. Attack rate was used to measure morbidity. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine risk factors. Total of 64 clinical scabies cases were recorded giving an attack rate of 1/100 people. Mandondo zone which was the index case zone recorded the highest attack rate of 3/100 people. Mean age of the cases was 18 with range of 11-56 years. Statistically significant factors associated with the outbreak were Low education ((OR=4.9, 95% CI=1.34-6.45, P-Value=0.014), record of exchanging clothes (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.45-5.34, P value 0.001), Skin contact with suspected case (OR=2.5, 95% CI=0.74-8.68, P Value=0.012), bathing less than 3 times per week (OR=5.4, 95% CI=2.38-14.43, P value: 0.000). Protective factors were, use of soap for bathing (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.21-2.71, P value=0.003), family member less than 5 (OR=0.12, 95% CI= 0.12-0.06, P Value=0.000). From the results, it can be deduced that scabies outbreak occurred in Katondo Health Facility. Low education, record of exchanging clothes, bathing less than 3 times per week, and skin contact with the suspected case were the risk factors associated with outbreak. Epidemic protective factors were, use of soap for bathing and belonging to a household with family members less than 5. Providing risk factors-based health education on prevention and controls especially, at health facility and community level were recommended.
VL - 8
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Mike Wachata Siamondole

Department of Public Health, Kasenengwa District Health Office, Kasenengwa, Zambia

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APA Style

Mike Wachata Siamondole. (2023). Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 8(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15

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ACS Style

Mike Wachata Siamondole. Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2023, 8(1), 39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15

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AMA Style

Mike Wachata Siamondole. Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2023;8(1):39-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15,
  author = {Mike Wachata Siamondole},
  title = {Community Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in Katondo Health Post, Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province: Unmatched Case Control Study},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20230801.15},
  abstract = {Scabies is a parasitic infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis which is a microscopic mite that burrows into the skin and lays eggs. Prevalence of the condition range from 0.2% to 71% globally. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the suspected community scabies outbreak in Katondo Health Post of Kasenengwa District and bring out the significant associated factors. Unmatched case control study was conducted (1:2 case control ratio). Suspected outbreak was identified through weekly notifiable report. Desk review of the Out Patient Register (OPD) was done to determine additional suspected cases. Structured questionnaire was administered to collect risk factors data. Total study participants were therefore cases with clinical signs of symptoms unmatched to controls within the area. Frequency tables were used to present demographic variables. Attack rate was used to measure morbidity. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine risk factors. Total of 64 clinical scabies cases were recorded giving an attack rate of 1/100 people. Mandondo zone which was the index case zone recorded the highest attack rate of 3/100 people. Mean age of the cases was 18 with range of 11-56 years. Statistically significant factors associated with the outbreak were Low education ((OR=4.9, 95% CI=1.34-6.45, P-Value=0.014), record of exchanging clothes (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.45-5.34, P value 0.001), Skin contact with suspected case (OR=2.5, 95% CI=0.74-8.68, P Value=0.012), bathing less than 3 times per week (OR=5.4, 95% CI=2.38-14.43, P value: 0.000). Protective factors were, use of soap for bathing (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.21-2.71, P value=0.003), family member less than 5 (OR=0.12, 95% CI= 0.12-0.06, P Value=0.000). From the results, it can be deduced that scabies outbreak occurred in Katondo Health Facility. Low education, record of exchanging clothes, bathing less than 3 times per week, and skin contact with the suspected case were the risk factors associated with outbreak. Epidemic protective factors were, use of soap for bathing and belonging to a household with family members less than 5. Providing risk factors-based health education on prevention and controls especially, at health facility and community level were recommended.},
 year = {2023}
}

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