Improved Detection of <i>Shigella</i> Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique

Susan Afua Damanka; Michael Ofori; Adi Behar; Shiri Meron Sudai; Anya Bialik; George Enyimah Armah; Dani Cohen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14

| Peer-Reviewed

Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique

Susan Afua Damanka, Michael Ofori, Adi Behar, Shiri Meron Sudai, Anya Bialik, George Enyimah Armah, Dani Cohen

Published in International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 21 November 2019 Accepted: 11 December 2019 Published: 24 December 2019

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Shigella species play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of children <5 years of age in low and middle-income countries. Previous surveillance studies to evaluate the burden of Shigella disease in Ghana involved conventional culture method which most probably resulted in underestimated prevalence. As efforts are being made globally to introduce vaccines against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), this study sought to establish Shigella burden of disease in children <5 years of age for the implementation of appropriate public health measures to control diarrheal disease in Ghana. The study reports data of a collaborative research between Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana and Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel, under the STOPENTERICS FP7 programme. STOPENTERICS FP7 programme aims to provide novel prophylactic solutions by imposing a two-fold paradigm switch in the development of vaccine candidates against Shigella and ETEC. Bloody diarrheal stool samples were collected from children (cases) (n=269) and from healthy children (controls) (n=38) aged <5 years and tested by traditional culture method in the department of Bacteriology, NMIMR. Samples were shipped and tested using invasion plasmid antigen H-based (ipaH-based) molecular method in TAU. All cases and controls tended Shigella culture-negative at NMIMR. Retesting by ipaH PCR assay in TAU identified Shigella in 31.2% (n=84) of 269 cases and 2.6% (n=1) of 38 controls. The males represented 63.1% (n=53) whilst females represented 36.9% (n=32) of cases (p=0.009). The single asymptomatic carrier (n=1) of the 38 controls, was a 3-month old male child. The asymptomatic carrier in the control group may be regarded as a potential transmitter of disease to vulnerable children of the household. Sanger sequencing confirmed ipaH in 10% of the positive samples. The prevalence of >30% of shigellosis indicates a substantial contribution of Shigella to diarrheal burden in children <5 years in Ghana. The most appropriate diagnosis of shigellosis should be PCR which is capable of detecting small amounts of nucleic acid. Furthermore, molecular screening for the detection of Shigella must be carried out in conjunction with the traditional culture method since isolation alone, may underestimate the prevalence of Shigella. Continuous surveillance will be useful in making evidence-based decisions on the introduction of vaccines against Shigella and ETEC in Ghana.

Published in	International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14
Page(s)	133-136
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Shigella, Children, Diarrhea, Ghana, Invasive Plasmid Antigen H (IpaH)

References

[1]	WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (MCEE) estimates 2015, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.ChildMort?lang=en. Accessed 6th October 2016.
[2]	Vesikari, T., Karvonen, A., Prymula, R., Schuster, V., Tejedor, J. C., et al (2007). Efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in European infants: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet, 370: 1757-1763.
[3]	Armah, G., Pringle, K., Enweronu-Laryea, C. C., Ansong, D., Mwenda, J. M., et al (2016). Impact and Effectiveness of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Against Severe Rotavirus Diarrhea in Ghana. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 62 (Suppl 2): S200-S207.
[4]	Kotloff, K. L., Nataro, J. P., Blackwelder, W. C., Nasrin, D., Farag, T. H., et al (2013). Burden and aetiology of diarrheal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet, 382: 209-222.
[5]	Khalil, I., A., Troeger, C., Blacker, B. F., Rao, P. C., Brown, A., et al (2018). Morbidity and mortality due to Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18: 1229-1240.
[6]	Echeverria, P., Sethabutr, O., and Pitarangsi, C. (1991). Microbiology and diagnosis of infections with Shigella and Enteroinvasive Escherichia Coli. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 13 (Suppl 4): S220-S225.
[7]	Naravaneni, R. and Jami, l. K. (2005). Rapid detection of food-borne pathogens by using molecular techniques. Journal of Medical Microbiology 5: 51-54.
[8]	Aranda, K. R., Fagundes-Neto, U., and Scaletsky, I. C., (2004). Evaluation of multiplex PCRs for diagnosis of infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 4: 5849-5853.
[9]	Ashie, G. K., Mutocheluh, M., Owusu, M., Kwofie, T. B., Akonor, S., et al (2017). Microbial pathogens associated with acute childhood diarrhoea in Kumasi, Ghana. Biomed Central Research Notes, 10: 264.
[10]	Newman, M. J. (2001). Serotypes and antibiogram of Shigella species isolated in Accra, Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal, 35: 1.
[11]	Riddle, M. S., Chen, W. H., Kirkwood, C. D. and MacLennan, C. A. (2018). Update on vaccines for enteric pathogens. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 24: 1039-1045.
[12]	Sethabutr O., Venkatesan, M., Murphy, G. S., Eampokalap, B., Hoge, C. W., et al (1993). Detection of Shigella and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by amplification of the invasion plasmid antigen H DNA sequence in patients with dysentery. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 167: 458-461.
[13]	Rosapep, L., Sanders, E., and Banke, K. (2017). The influence of customer-medicine seller transactional dynamics on childhood diarrhoea management: a qualitative study in Ghana. Health Policy Plan, 32: 527-37.
[14]	Dutta, S., Chatterjee, A., Dutta, P., Rajendran, K., Roy, S., et al (2001). Sensitivity and performance characteristics of a direct PCR with stool samples in comparison to conventional techniques for diagnosis of Shigella and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection in children with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 5: 667-674.
[15]	Shah, M. S., Ahmad, A., Khalique, N., Afzal, S., Ansari, M. A., et al (2012). Home-based management of acute diarrheal disease in an urban slum of Aligarh, India. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 6: 137-142.
[16]	Fish, E. N. (2008). The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses, Nature Reviews Immunology, 8 (9): 737-744.
[17]	A Global Network for the Study of Malnutrition and Enteric Diseases. The MAL-ED study (2014a): a multinational and multidisciplinary approach to understand the relationship between enteric pathogens, malnutrition, gut physiology, physical growth, cognitive development, and immune responses in infants and children up to 2 years of age in resource-poor environments. Clinical. Infectious Diseases, 59: S193-S206.
[18]	Bellan, S. E., Pulliam, J. R. C., Dushoff, J. and Meyers, L. A. (2014). Ebola control: effect of asymptomatic infection and acquired immunity. Lancet, 384: 1499–1500.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Susan Afua Damanka, Michael Ofori, Adi Behar, Shiri Meron Sudai, Anya Bialik, et al. (2019). Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 4(4), 133-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Susan Afua Damanka; Michael Ofori; Adi Behar; Shiri Meron Sudai; Anya Bialik, et al. Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique. Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2019, 4(4), 133-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Susan Afua Damanka, Michael Ofori, Adi Behar, Shiri Meron Sudai, Anya Bialik, et al. Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique. Int J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019;4(4):133-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14,
  author = {Susan Afua Damanka and Michael Ofori and Adi Behar and Shiri Meron Sudai and Anya Bialik and George Enyimah Armah and Dani Cohen},
  title = {Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique},
  journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {133-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20190404.14},
  abstract = {Shigella species play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of children Shigella disease in Ghana involved conventional culture method which most probably resulted in underestimated prevalence. As efforts are being made globally to introduce vaccines against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), this study sought to establish Shigella burden of disease in children Shigella and ETEC. Bloody diarrheal stool samples were collected from children (cases) (n=269) and from healthy children (controls) (n=38) aged ipaH-based) molecular method in TAU. All cases and controls tended Shigella culture-negative at NMIMR. Retesting by ipaH PCR assay in TAU identified Shigella in 31.2% (n=84) of 269 cases and 2.6% (n=1) of 38 controls. The males represented 63.1% (n=53) whilst females represented 36.9% (n=32) of cases (p=0.009). The single asymptomatic carrier (n=1) of the 38 controls, was a 3-month old male child. The asymptomatic carrier in the control group may be regarded as a potential transmitter of disease to vulnerable children of the household. Sanger sequencing confirmed ipaH in 10% of the positive samples. The prevalence of >30% of shigellosis indicates a substantial contribution of Shigella to diarrheal burden in children Shigella must be carried out in conjunction with the traditional culture method since isolation alone, may underestimate the prevalence of Shigella. Continuous surveillance will be useful in making evidence-based decisions on the introduction of vaccines against Shigella and ETEC in Ghana.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique
AU  - Susan Afua Damanka
AU  - Michael Ofori
AU  - Adi Behar
AU  - Shiri Meron Sudai
AU  - Anya Bialik
AU  - George Enyimah Armah
AU  - Dani Cohen
Y1  - 2019/12/24
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14
T2  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
SP  - 133
EP  - 136
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9686
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14
AB  - Shigella species play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of children Shigella disease in Ghana involved conventional culture method which most probably resulted in underestimated prevalence. As efforts are being made globally to introduce vaccines against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), this study sought to establish Shigella burden of disease in children Shigella and ETEC. Bloody diarrheal stool samples were collected from children (cases) (n=269) and from healthy children (controls) (n=38) aged ipaH-based) molecular method in TAU. All cases and controls tended Shigella culture-negative at NMIMR. Retesting by ipaH PCR assay in TAU identified Shigella in 31.2% (n=84) of 269 cases and 2.6% (n=1) of 38 controls. The males represented 63.1% (n=53) whilst females represented 36.9% (n=32) of cases (p=0.009). The single asymptomatic carrier (n=1) of the 38 controls, was a 3-month old male child. The asymptomatic carrier in the control group may be regarded as a potential transmitter of disease to vulnerable children of the household. Sanger sequencing confirmed ipaH in 10% of the positive samples. The prevalence of >30% of shigellosis indicates a substantial contribution of Shigella to diarrheal burden in children Shigella must be carried out in conjunction with the traditional culture method since isolation alone, may underestimate the prevalence of Shigella. Continuous surveillance will be useful in making evidence-based decisions on the introduction of vaccines against Shigella and ETEC in Ghana.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Susan Afua Damanka

Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Michael Ofori

Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Adi Behar

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
Shiri Meron Sudai

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
Anya Bialik

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
George Enyimah Armah

Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Dani Cohen

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Susan Afua Damanka, Michael Ofori, Adi Behar, Shiri Meron Sudai, Anya Bialik, et al. (2019). Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 4(4), 133-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Susan Afua Damanka; Michael Ofori; Adi Behar; Shiri Meron Sudai; Anya Bialik, et al. Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique. Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2019, 4(4), 133-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Susan Afua Damanka, Michael Ofori, Adi Behar, Shiri Meron Sudai, Anya Bialik, et al. Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique. Int J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019;4(4):133-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14,
  author = {Susan Afua Damanka and Michael Ofori and Adi Behar and Shiri Meron Sudai and Anya Bialik and George Enyimah Armah and Dani Cohen},
  title = {Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique},
  journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {133-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20190404.14},
  abstract = {Shigella species play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of children Shigella disease in Ghana involved conventional culture method which most probably resulted in underestimated prevalence. As efforts are being made globally to introduce vaccines against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), this study sought to establish Shigella burden of disease in children Shigella and ETEC. Bloody diarrheal stool samples were collected from children (cases) (n=269) and from healthy children (controls) (n=38) aged ipaH-based) molecular method in TAU. All cases and controls tended Shigella culture-negative at NMIMR. Retesting by ipaH PCR assay in TAU identified Shigella in 31.2% (n=84) of 269 cases and 2.6% (n=1) of 38 controls. The males represented 63.1% (n=53) whilst females represented 36.9% (n=32) of cases (p=0.009). The single asymptomatic carrier (n=1) of the 38 controls, was a 3-month old male child. The asymptomatic carrier in the control group may be regarded as a potential transmitter of disease to vulnerable children of the household. Sanger sequencing confirmed ipaH in 10% of the positive samples. The prevalence of >30% of shigellosis indicates a substantial contribution of Shigella to diarrheal burden in children Shigella must be carried out in conjunction with the traditional culture method since isolation alone, may underestimate the prevalence of Shigella. Continuous surveillance will be useful in making evidence-based decisions on the introduction of vaccines against Shigella and ETEC in Ghana.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Improved Detection of Shigella Species in Diarrheic Children in Ghana Using Invasion Plasmid Antigen H-based Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique
AU  - Susan Afua Damanka
AU  - Michael Ofori
AU  - Adi Behar
AU  - Shiri Meron Sudai
AU  - Anya Bialik
AU  - George Enyimah Armah
AU  - Dani Cohen
Y1  - 2019/12/24
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14
T2  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
SP  - 133
EP  - 136
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9686
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20190404.14
AB  - Shigella species play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of children Shigella disease in Ghana involved conventional culture method which most probably resulted in underestimated prevalence. As efforts are being made globally to introduce vaccines against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), this study sought to establish Shigella burden of disease in children Shigella and ETEC. Bloody diarrheal stool samples were collected from children (cases) (n=269) and from healthy children (controls) (n=38) aged ipaH-based) molecular method in TAU. All cases and controls tended Shigella culture-negative at NMIMR. Retesting by ipaH PCR assay in TAU identified Shigella in 31.2% (n=84) of 269 cases and 2.6% (n=1) of 38 controls. The males represented 63.1% (n=53) whilst females represented 36.9% (n=32) of cases (p=0.009). The single asymptomatic carrier (n=1) of the 38 controls, was a 3-month old male child. The asymptomatic carrier in the control group may be regarded as a potential transmitter of disease to vulnerable children of the household. Sanger sequencing confirmed ipaH in 10% of the positive samples. The prevalence of >30% of shigellosis indicates a substantial contribution of Shigella to diarrheal burden in children Shigella must be carried out in conjunction with the traditional culture method since isolation alone, may underestimate the prevalence of Shigella. Continuous surveillance will be useful in making evidence-based decisions on the introduction of vaccines against Shigella and ETEC in Ghana.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download