Riboflavin (vitamin B2) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are valuable biological flavins mainly used as animal feed supplement and in pharmaceutical formulation. Eremothecium ashbyi is a natural overproducer of FAD along with riboflavin. Flavins overproduction was found to be strongly correlated with stress induction but stress response in E.ashbyi is completely unexplored. Hence, in the present study, flavins production in presence of four oxidative stress modulators (menadione, vitamin E, cAMP, H2O2) was investigated. Their levels were statistically optimized to maximize the flavins production. The regression model obtained from Central Composite Design indicated that maximum flavins production occurred when 1.09 µM menadione and 1.12 µM vitamin E were supplemented to 24-hour grown fungus. Upon supplementation, total flavins production was significantly increased by 1.34-fold and FAD production was increased by 2.18-fold over untreated control. Intracellular – reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was increased and reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio was decreased indicating oxidative burst experienced by the cell. Furthermore, a concomitant increase in specific activity of glutathione reductase and FAD synthetase was observed. For the first time this study showed that among flavins, FAD was majorly increased along with FAD synthetase activity as a response to oxidative stress. These results indicated that the oxidative stress and flavins overproduction was centered on FAD regulation.
| Published in | International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 5, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12 |
| Page(s) | 7-15 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Eremothecium ashbyi, Riboflavin, FAD, Central Composite Design (CCD), Glutathione, Oxidative Stress
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APA Style
Manan Vipulbhai Patel, Chandra Sainathan. (2020). Enhanced FAD Production in Eremothecium ashbyi with Statistically Optimized Oxidative Stress Modulators. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 5(1), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12
ACS Style
Manan Vipulbhai Patel; Chandra Sainathan. Enhanced FAD Production in Eremothecium ashbyi with Statistically Optimized Oxidative Stress Modulators. Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2020, 5(1), 7-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12
AMA Style
Manan Vipulbhai Patel, Chandra Sainathan. Enhanced FAD Production in Eremothecium ashbyi with Statistically Optimized Oxidative Stress Modulators. Int J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;5(1):7-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12,
author = {Manan Vipulbhai Patel and Chandra Sainathan},
title = {Enhanced FAD Production in Eremothecium ashbyi with Statistically Optimized Oxidative Stress Modulators},
journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {7-15},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20200501.12},
abstract = {Riboflavin (vitamin B2) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are valuable biological flavins mainly used as animal feed supplement and in pharmaceutical formulation. Eremothecium ashbyi is a natural overproducer of FAD along with riboflavin. Flavins overproduction was found to be strongly correlated with stress induction but stress response in E.ashbyi is completely unexplored. Hence, in the present study, flavins production in presence of four oxidative stress modulators (menadione, vitamin E, cAMP, H2O2) was investigated. Their levels were statistically optimized to maximize the flavins production. The regression model obtained from Central Composite Design indicated that maximum flavins production occurred when 1.09 µM menadione and 1.12 µM vitamin E were supplemented to 24-hour grown fungus. Upon supplementation, total flavins production was significantly increased by 1.34-fold and FAD production was increased by 2.18-fold over untreated control. Intracellular – reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was increased and reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio was decreased indicating oxidative burst experienced by the cell. Furthermore, a concomitant increase in specific activity of glutathione reductase and FAD synthetase was observed. For the first time this study showed that among flavins, FAD was majorly increased along with FAD synthetase activity as a response to oxidative stress. These results indicated that the oxidative stress and flavins overproduction was centered on FAD regulation.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced FAD Production in Eremothecium ashbyi with Statistically Optimized Oxidative Stress Modulators AU - Manan Vipulbhai Patel AU - Chandra Sainathan Y1 - 2020/01/31 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12 T2 - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology JF - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology JO - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology SP - 7 EP - 15 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-9686 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200501.12 AB - Riboflavin (vitamin B2) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are valuable biological flavins mainly used as animal feed supplement and in pharmaceutical formulation. Eremothecium ashbyi is a natural overproducer of FAD along with riboflavin. Flavins overproduction was found to be strongly correlated with stress induction but stress response in E.ashbyi is completely unexplored. Hence, in the present study, flavins production in presence of four oxidative stress modulators (menadione, vitamin E, cAMP, H2O2) was investigated. Their levels were statistically optimized to maximize the flavins production. The regression model obtained from Central Composite Design indicated that maximum flavins production occurred when 1.09 µM menadione and 1.12 µM vitamin E were supplemented to 24-hour grown fungus. Upon supplementation, total flavins production was significantly increased by 1.34-fold and FAD production was increased by 2.18-fold over untreated control. Intracellular – reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was increased and reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio was decreased indicating oxidative burst experienced by the cell. Furthermore, a concomitant increase in specific activity of glutathione reductase and FAD synthetase was observed. For the first time this study showed that among flavins, FAD was majorly increased along with FAD synthetase activity as a response to oxidative stress. These results indicated that the oxidative stress and flavins overproduction was centered on FAD regulation. VL - 5 IS - 1 ER -
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