Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy

Theodor Tranca; Iuliana Radu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11

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Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy

Theodor Tranca, Iuliana Radu

Published in International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 14 June 2021 Accepted: 5 July 2021 Published: 15 July 2021

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Abstract

Ultrasonic inspection is a routine Non Destructive Examination (NDE) method adopted by the aircraft engine manufacturers. However, the detection of smaller defects in such materials is made difficult by the complicated ultrasound-microstructure interactions. One of the adverse influences of the interactions is the high backscattered grain noise level accompanying with the ultrasonic inspections of some titanium alloys. The high grain noise deteriorates the Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) of pulse/echo inspections and consequently may lead to the missing detection of an existing flaw. Ultrasonic signal fluctuations have direct impact on flaw detection, flaw characterization and the estimation of the Probability of Detection (POD). The total backscattering is controlled by grain morphology, grain orientation and elastic anisotropy, which may vary throughout the microstructure. Thus any Thermo-Mechanical Processing (TMP) leading to the variations of material microstructure may influence the backscattered grain noise. We developed new ideas of how to extract useful microstructural information from the forging simulation software Simufact.forming, a commercial software package produced by Simufact Engineering GmbH. A model is then developed to correlate the grain noise signals with the microstructural variations due to the inhomogeneous plastic deformation associated with the forging processing. The grain noise levels predicted by the model at various locations are compared with experiments. Reasonably good agreements are observed.

Published in	International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11
Page(s)	33-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ultrasonic Grain Noise, Simulation Software, Elastic Anisotropy

References

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[2]	Ricardo Alves de Sousa and Robertt Valente - Numerical prediction of Biphasic Titanium Alloys Microstructure in Hot Forging Operations, 14th international conference of Metal Forming, (20120).
[3]	Aloman A. - The structure, properties and phase equilibrium diagrams of titanium and others of titanium. Bucharest, Polytechnic University, 1996, 274 p.
[4]	J Sieniawski, W. Ziaja, K. Kubiak and M. Motyka- Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Two-Phase Titanium Alloys, Rzeszów University of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science, Poland- october 2013.
[5]	Suciu Valeria, Suciu Marcel Valeriu- Study of Materials - FAIR PARTNERS Bucharest, 2008, 255 p.
[6]	Yoshinori Ito, Hiroyuki Takamatsu, Shogo Saeki, - Influence of micro-texture on ultrasonic reflection in Ti-6Al-4V alloy hot-forged in α+β region -The 14th World Conference on Titanium, 2020.
[7]	Y. Ito, H. Takamatsu, and K. Kinoshita: Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium, 2016, pp. 885-888.
[8]	K. Kulcsár et al. Structural analysis of titanium alloys: - 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 426 012029.
[9]	A. Astarita et al. - Beta Forging of Ti-6Al-4V: microstructure evolution and mechanical properties- Key Engineering Materials Vols. 554-557 (2013) pp 359-371 © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
[10]	D. Suárez Fernándeza, B. P. Wynnea, P. Crawforthc, K. Foxd, M. Jacksona -The effect of forging texture and machining parameters on the fatigue performance of titanium alloy disc components- 16 May 2020.
[11]	Ali Mamedov et al. – Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Ti 6Al-4V Alloy Depending on Hot Forging Process Parameters - International Conference Technology of Plasticity, ICTP 2017.
[12]	K. Y. Han and R. B. Thompson- Relationship between the two-point correlation of elastic constants and backscattered ultrasonic noise in two-phase- Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011- Thompson and D. E. Chimenti, Plenum Press, New York, 1995.
[13]	Linxiao Yu- Understanding and improving ultrasonic inspection of jet-engine titanium alloy -Iowa State University 2004.
[14]	Anton Van Pamel- Ultrasonic inspection of highly scattering materials-Imperial College London, Department of Mechanical Engineering-2015.
[15]	Margetan, F. J., Umbach, J., Roberts- Inspection Development for Titanium Forgings- DOT/FAA/AR-05/46 - May 2007.

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Theodor Tranca, Iuliana Radu. (2021). Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy. International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 6(3), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11

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ACS Style

Theodor Tranca; Iuliana Radu. Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy. Int. J. Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. 2021, 6(3), 33-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11

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AMA Style

Theodor Tranca, Iuliana Radu. Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy. Int J Miner Process Extr Metall. 2021;6(3):33-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11,
  author = {Theodor Tranca and Iuliana Radu},
  title = {Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy},
  journal = {International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {33-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmpem.20210603.11},
  abstract = {Ultrasonic inspection is a routine Non Destructive Examination (NDE) method adopted by the aircraft engine manufacturers. However, the detection of smaller defects in such materials is made difficult by the complicated ultrasound-microstructure interactions. One of the adverse influences of the interactions is the high backscattered grain noise level accompanying with the ultrasonic inspections of some titanium alloys. The high grain noise deteriorates the Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) of pulse/echo inspections and consequently may lead to the missing detection of an existing flaw. Ultrasonic signal fluctuations have direct impact on flaw detection, flaw characterization and the estimation of the Probability of Detection (POD). The total backscattering is controlled by grain morphology, grain orientation and elastic anisotropy, which may vary throughout the microstructure. Thus any Thermo-Mechanical Processing (TMP) leading to the variations of material microstructure may influence the backscattered grain noise. We developed new ideas of how to extract useful microstructural information from the forging simulation software Simufact.forming, a commercial software package produced by Simufact Engineering GmbH. A model is then developed to correlate the grain noise signals with the microstructural variations due to the inhomogeneous plastic deformation associated with the forging processing. The grain noise levels predicted by the model at various locations are compared with experiments. Reasonably good agreements are observed.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy
AU  - Theodor Tranca
AU  - Iuliana Radu
Y1  - 2021/07/15
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11
T2  - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
JF  - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
JO  - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
SP  - 33
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1859
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11
AB  - Ultrasonic inspection is a routine Non Destructive Examination (NDE) method adopted by the aircraft engine manufacturers. However, the detection of smaller defects in such materials is made difficult by the complicated ultrasound-microstructure interactions. One of the adverse influences of the interactions is the high backscattered grain noise level accompanying with the ultrasonic inspections of some titanium alloys. The high grain noise deteriorates the Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) of pulse/echo inspections and consequently may lead to the missing detection of an existing flaw. Ultrasonic signal fluctuations have direct impact on flaw detection, flaw characterization and the estimation of the Probability of Detection (POD). The total backscattering is controlled by grain morphology, grain orientation and elastic anisotropy, which may vary throughout the microstructure. Thus any Thermo-Mechanical Processing (TMP) leading to the variations of material microstructure may influence the backscattered grain noise. We developed new ideas of how to extract useful microstructural information from the forging simulation software Simufact.forming, a commercial software package produced by Simufact Engineering GmbH. A model is then developed to correlate the grain noise signals with the microstructural variations due to the inhomogeneous plastic deformation associated with the forging processing. The grain noise levels predicted by the model at various locations are compared with experiments. Reasonably good agreements are observed.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Theodor Tranca

Diac Service Srl, Bucharest, Romania
Iuliana Radu

Zirom SA, Giurgiu, Romania

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APA Style

Theodor Tranca, Iuliana Radu. (2021). Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy. International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 6(3), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11

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ACS Style

Theodor Tranca; Iuliana Radu. Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy. Int. J. Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. 2021, 6(3), 33-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11

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AMA Style

Theodor Tranca, Iuliana Radu. Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy. Int J Miner Process Extr Metall. 2021;6(3):33-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11,
  author = {Theodor Tranca and Iuliana Radu},
  title = {Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy},
  journal = {International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {33-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmpem.20210603.11},
  abstract = {Ultrasonic inspection is a routine Non Destructive Examination (NDE) method adopted by the aircraft engine manufacturers. However, the detection of smaller defects in such materials is made difficult by the complicated ultrasound-microstructure interactions. One of the adverse influences of the interactions is the high backscattered grain noise level accompanying with the ultrasonic inspections of some titanium alloys. The high grain noise deteriorates the Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) of pulse/echo inspections and consequently may lead to the missing detection of an existing flaw. Ultrasonic signal fluctuations have direct impact on flaw detection, flaw characterization and the estimation of the Probability of Detection (POD). The total backscattering is controlled by grain morphology, grain orientation and elastic anisotropy, which may vary throughout the microstructure. Thus any Thermo-Mechanical Processing (TMP) leading to the variations of material microstructure may influence the backscattered grain noise. We developed new ideas of how to extract useful microstructural information from the forging simulation software Simufact.forming, a commercial software package produced by Simufact Engineering GmbH. A model is then developed to correlate the grain noise signals with the microstructural variations due to the inhomogeneous plastic deformation associated with the forging processing. The grain noise levels predicted by the model at various locations are compared with experiments. Reasonably good agreements are observed.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spatial Correlation of the Backscattered Ultrasonic Grain Noise in the Ultrasonic Inspection of the Forging Titanium Alloy
AU  - Theodor Tranca
AU  - Iuliana Radu
Y1  - 2021/07/15
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11
T2  - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
JF  - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
JO  - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
SP  - 33
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1859
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.11
AB  - Ultrasonic inspection is a routine Non Destructive Examination (NDE) method adopted by the aircraft engine manufacturers. However, the detection of smaller defects in such materials is made difficult by the complicated ultrasound-microstructure interactions. One of the adverse influences of the interactions is the high backscattered grain noise level accompanying with the ultrasonic inspections of some titanium alloys. The high grain noise deteriorates the Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) of pulse/echo inspections and consequently may lead to the missing detection of an existing flaw. Ultrasonic signal fluctuations have direct impact on flaw detection, flaw characterization and the estimation of the Probability of Detection (POD). The total backscattering is controlled by grain morphology, grain orientation and elastic anisotropy, which may vary throughout the microstructure. Thus any Thermo-Mechanical Processing (TMP) leading to the variations of material microstructure may influence the backscattered grain noise. We developed new ideas of how to extract useful microstructural information from the forging simulation software Simufact.forming, a commercial software package produced by Simufact Engineering GmbH. A model is then developed to correlate the grain noise signals with the microstructural variations due to the inhomogeneous plastic deformation associated with the forging processing. The grain noise levels predicted by the model at various locations are compared with experiments. Reasonably good agreements are observed.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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