Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania

Never Zekeya; Khalfan Kiondo; Azizi Msuya; Jafari Kideghesho

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12

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Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania

Never Zekeya, Khalfan Kiondo, Azizi Msuya, Jafari Kideghesho

Published in Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 27 August 2023 Accepted: 25 September 2023 Published: 8 October 2023

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Abstract

Herbal medicines play a greater role in prevention and management of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, most communities misuse and abuse traditional medicines when using without revealing their safety and efficacy and sometimes heal by associating with myth. Water concoction of Bersama abyssinica stembark and Ocimum gratissimum leaves, a registered herbal medicine (Care Spiradul ®) in Tanzania was screened for active metabolites, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity activity for validating its use for treatment of respiratory related diseases. This herbal remidy has been used for treatment of Asthma, pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Lung cancer, COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. The extraction of active compounds was done by decoction and infusion of stem and leaves respectively in clean and soft water (7.0pH). Ten (100g) of stem bark was soaked in IL of water boiled at 100°C for 15 followed by infusion of 10g leaves when decoction temperature reached 80°C for 20 minutes and thereafter left for cooling. The resultant concoction was filtered using muslin cloth to separate particles and phytochemical analysis was done using GC-MS and LM-MS/MS techniques. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence five active compounds in groups of coumarin, flavonoid, glucose, acid and vitamin namely; 3-acetamido coumarin, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, B-D glucopyranose, 1,6-anhydro, citric acid and vitamin C respectively which showed a synergetic effect against respiratory diseases. This study revealed effectiveness of water extract for treatment of respiratory diseases including COVID-19, asthma, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, Tuberculosis and diarrhea. This study revealed the efficacy and safety of Care Spiradul and recommends further study on clinical trial and improvement of formulation into dry package to increase shelf life.

Published in	Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12
Page(s)	129-136
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Herbal Medicine, Concoction, Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Tuberculosis, Traditional Medicine

References

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APA Style

Never Zekeya, Khalfan Kiondo, Azizi Msuya, Jafari Kideghesho. (2023). Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania. Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 9(4), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12

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ACS Style

Never Zekeya; Khalfan Kiondo; Azizi Msuya; Jafari Kideghesho. Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania. J. Dis. Med. Plants 2023, 9(4), 129-136. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12

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AMA Style

Never Zekeya, Khalfan Kiondo, Azizi Msuya, Jafari Kideghesho. Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania. J Dis Med Plants. 2023;9(4):129-136. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12,
  author = {Never Zekeya and Khalfan Kiondo and Azizi Msuya and Jafari Kideghesho},
  title = {Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {129-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20230904.12},
  abstract = {Herbal medicines play a greater role in prevention and management of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, most communities misuse and abuse traditional medicines when using without revealing their safety and efficacy and sometimes heal by associating with myth. Water concoction of Bersama abyssinica stembark and Ocimum gratissimum leaves, a registered herbal medicine (Care Spiradul ®) in Tanzania was screened for active metabolites, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity activity for validating its use for treatment of respiratory related diseases. This herbal remidy has been used for treatment of Asthma, pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Lung cancer, COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. The extraction of active compounds was done by decoction and infusion of stem and leaves respectively in clean and soft water (7.0pH). Ten (100g) of stem bark was soaked in IL of water boiled at 100°C for 15 followed by infusion of 10g leaves when decoction temperature reached 80°C for 20 minutes and thereafter left for cooling. The resultant concoction was filtered using muslin cloth to separate particles and phytochemical analysis was done using GC-MS and LM-MS/MS techniques. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence five active compounds in groups of coumarin, flavonoid, glucose, acid and vitamin namely; 3-acetamido coumarin, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, B-D glucopyranose, 1,6-anhydro, citric acid and vitamin C respectively which showed a synergetic effect against respiratory diseases. This study revealed effectiveness of water extract for treatment of respiratory diseases including COVID-19, asthma, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, Tuberculosis and diarrhea. This study revealed the efficacy and safety of Care Spiradul and recommends further study on clinical trial and improvement of formulation into dry package to increase shelf life.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania
AU  - Never Zekeya
AU  - Khalfan Kiondo
AU  - Azizi Msuya
AU  - Jafari Kideghesho
Y1  - 2023/10/08
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12
T2  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JF  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JO  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
SP  - 129
EP  - 136
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8210
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12
AB  - Herbal medicines play a greater role in prevention and management of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, most communities misuse and abuse traditional medicines when using without revealing their safety and efficacy and sometimes heal by associating with myth. Water concoction of Bersama abyssinica stembark and Ocimum gratissimum leaves, a registered herbal medicine (Care Spiradul ®) in Tanzania was screened for active metabolites, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity activity for validating its use for treatment of respiratory related diseases. This herbal remidy has been used for treatment of Asthma, pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Lung cancer, COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. The extraction of active compounds was done by decoction and infusion of stem and leaves respectively in clean and soft water (7.0pH). Ten (100g) of stem bark was soaked in IL of water boiled at 100°C for 15 followed by infusion of 10g leaves when decoction temperature reached 80°C for 20 minutes and thereafter left for cooling. The resultant concoction was filtered using muslin cloth to separate particles and phytochemical analysis was done using GC-MS and LM-MS/MS techniques. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence five active compounds in groups of coumarin, flavonoid, glucose, acid and vitamin namely; 3-acetamido coumarin, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, B-D glucopyranose, 1,6-anhydro, citric acid and vitamin C respectively which showed a synergetic effect against respiratory diseases. This study revealed effectiveness of water extract for treatment of respiratory diseases including COVID-19, asthma, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, Tuberculosis and diarrhea. This study revealed the efficacy and safety of Care Spiradul and recommends further study on clinical trial and improvement of formulation into dry package to increase shelf life.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Never Zekeya

Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Moshi, Tanzania
Khalfan Kiondo

Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Moshi, Tanzania
Azizi Msuya

Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Moshi, Tanzania
Jafari Kideghesho

Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Moshi, Tanzania

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APA Style

Never Zekeya, Khalfan Kiondo, Azizi Msuya, Jafari Kideghesho. (2023). Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania. Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 9(4), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12

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ACS Style

Never Zekeya; Khalfan Kiondo; Azizi Msuya; Jafari Kideghesho. Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania. J. Dis. Med. Plants 2023, 9(4), 129-136. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12

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AMA Style

Never Zekeya, Khalfan Kiondo, Azizi Msuya, Jafari Kideghesho. Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania. J Dis Med Plants. 2023;9(4):129-136. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12,
  author = {Never Zekeya and Khalfan Kiondo and Azizi Msuya and Jafari Kideghesho},
  title = {Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {129-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20230904.12},
  abstract = {Herbal medicines play a greater role in prevention and management of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, most communities misuse and abuse traditional medicines when using without revealing their safety and efficacy and sometimes heal by associating with myth. Water concoction of Bersama abyssinica stembark and Ocimum gratissimum leaves, a registered herbal medicine (Care Spiradul ®) in Tanzania was screened for active metabolites, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity activity for validating its use for treatment of respiratory related diseases. This herbal remidy has been used for treatment of Asthma, pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Lung cancer, COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. The extraction of active compounds was done by decoction and infusion of stem and leaves respectively in clean and soft water (7.0pH). Ten (100g) of stem bark was soaked in IL of water boiled at 100°C for 15 followed by infusion of 10g leaves when decoction temperature reached 80°C for 20 minutes and thereafter left for cooling. The resultant concoction was filtered using muslin cloth to separate particles and phytochemical analysis was done using GC-MS and LM-MS/MS techniques. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence five active compounds in groups of coumarin, flavonoid, glucose, acid and vitamin namely; 3-acetamido coumarin, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, B-D glucopyranose, 1,6-anhydro, citric acid and vitamin C respectively which showed a synergetic effect against respiratory diseases. This study revealed effectiveness of water extract for treatment of respiratory diseases including COVID-19, asthma, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, Tuberculosis and diarrhea. This study revealed the efficacy and safety of Care Spiradul and recommends further study on clinical trial and improvement of formulation into dry package to increase shelf life.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of African Herbal Medicine for Treatment of Diseases in Tanzania
AU  - Never Zekeya
AU  - Khalfan Kiondo
AU  - Azizi Msuya
AU  - Jafari Kideghesho
Y1  - 2023/10/08
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12
T2  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JF  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JO  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
SP  - 129
EP  - 136
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8210
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230904.12
AB  - Herbal medicines play a greater role in prevention and management of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, most communities misuse and abuse traditional medicines when using without revealing their safety and efficacy and sometimes heal by associating with myth. Water concoction of Bersama abyssinica stembark and Ocimum gratissimum leaves, a registered herbal medicine (Care Spiradul ®) in Tanzania was screened for active metabolites, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity activity for validating its use for treatment of respiratory related diseases. This herbal remidy has been used for treatment of Asthma, pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Lung cancer, COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. The extraction of active compounds was done by decoction and infusion of stem and leaves respectively in clean and soft water (7.0pH). Ten (100g) of stem bark was soaked in IL of water boiled at 100°C for 15 followed by infusion of 10g leaves when decoction temperature reached 80°C for 20 minutes and thereafter left for cooling. The resultant concoction was filtered using muslin cloth to separate particles and phytochemical analysis was done using GC-MS and LM-MS/MS techniques. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence five active compounds in groups of coumarin, flavonoid, glucose, acid and vitamin namely; 3-acetamido coumarin, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, 3-hydroxy -3-4-5 trimethoxyflavone, B-D glucopyranose, 1,6-anhydro, citric acid and vitamin C respectively which showed a synergetic effect against respiratory diseases. This study revealed effectiveness of water extract for treatment of respiratory diseases including COVID-19, asthma, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, Tuberculosis and diarrhea. This study revealed the efficacy and safety of Care Spiradul and recommends further study on clinical trial and improvement of formulation into dry package to increase shelf life.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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