Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity

Mubashir Abbas; Abdul Rehman; Zulfia Hussain; Junaid Ali Khan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity

Mubashir Abbas, Abdul Rehman, Zulfia Hussain, Junaid Ali Khan

Published in Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 3 January 2021 Accepted: 14 January 2021 Published: 10 March 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Activities occurring in an animal’s body are performed and regulated via certain chemicals. These chemical on the basis of multiple factors are divided into various classes. Hormones forma major class of such chemicals. Hormones are integral part of animal’s body that are involved in the mediation of a variety of vital functions. Hormonal secretions are precisely regulated in order to mediate relevant function as needed. They are important maintainers of a variety of homeostatic mechanisms including food intake, digestion, absorption and utilization. Like all other parts of animal’s body, adipose tissue is also under the influence of chemical messengers. Some of the endocrine messengers are Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormone while neural chemicals include orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides (like Neuropeptide Y). While performing normal assigned function these chemical substances strive to maintain a balance between body energy need and energy intake. If concentration or functionality of any of them is disturbed due to certain change for sufficient time period then they fail to perform their duty resulting gradual increase in body mass index. Deficiency or hypersecretion, structural deformity and functional impairment are some of the aspects that contribute towards hormonal abnormalities. Present review is based on a concise discussion about obesogenic role of Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides.

Published in	Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13
Page(s)	14-18
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hyperphagia, Leptin, Insulin, Ghrelin, Adipocity, Endocrine Hormones, Hypothalamic Neuropeptides

References

[1]	Aller EEJG, Abete I, Astrup A, et al., 2011. Starches, Sugars and Obesity. Nutrients 3: 341–369.
[2]	Davies JR, Humby T, Dwyer DM, et al., 2015. Calorie seeking, but not hedonic response, contributes to hyperphagia in a mouse model for Prader-Willi syndrome. Eur J Neurosci 42: 2105–2113.
[3]	Benelam B, 2009. Satiation, satiety and their effects on eating behaviour. Nutr Bull 34: 126–173.
[4]	Delzenne N, Blundell J, Brouns F, et al., 2010. Gastrointestinal targets of appetite regulation in humans. Obes Rev 11: 234–250.
[5]	Karra E and Batterham RL, 2010. The role of gut hormones in the regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 316: 120–128.
[6]	Neary MT and Batterham RL, 2009. Gut hormones: Implications for the treatment of obesity. PharmacolTher 124: 44–56.
[7]	Scarpace PJ and Zhang Y, 2009. Leptin resistance: a prediposing factor for diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol-RegulIntegr Comp Physiol 296: R493–R500.
[8]	Lindqvist A, de la Cour CD, Stegmark A, et al., 2005. Overeating of palatable food is associated with blunted leptin and ghrelin responses. RegulPept 130: 123–132.
[9]	Williams KW, Scott MM and Elmquist JK, 2009. From observation to experimentation: leptin action in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Am J ClinNutr 89: 985S-990S.
[10]	Pelleymounter M, Cullen M, Baker M, et al., 1995. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 269: 540–543.
[11]	Farooqi IS, Bullmore E, Keogh J, et al., 2007. Leptin Regulates Striatal Regions and Human Eating Behavior. Science 317: 1355–1355.
[12]	Myers MG, Cowley MA and Münzberg H, 2008. Mechanisms of Leptin Action and Leptin Resistance. Annu Rev Physiol 70: 537–556.
[13]	Vong L, Ye C, Yang Z, et al., 2011. Leptin Action on GABAergic Neurons Prevents Obesity and Reduces Inhibitory Tone to POMC Neurons. Neuron 71: 142–154.
[14]	Chen G, Koyama K, Yuan X, et al., 1996. Disappearance of body fat in normal rats induced by adenovirus-mediated leptin gene therapy. Proc Natl AcadSci 93: 14795–14799.
[15]	la Fleur SE, Akana SF, Manalo SL, et al., 2004. Interaction between Corticosterone and Insulin in Obesity: Regulation of Lard Intake and Fat Stores. Endocrinology 145: 2174–2185.
[16]	Baskin DG, FiglewiczLattemann D, Seeley RJ, et al., 1999. Insulin and leptin: dual adiposity signals to the brain for the regulation of food intake and body weight. Brain Res 848: 114–123.
[17]	Loh K, Zhang L, Brandon A, et al., 2017. Insulin controls food intake and energy balance via NPY neurons. MolMetab 6: 574–584.
[18]	Schwartz MW, Figlewicz DP, Baskin DG, et al., 1992. Insulin in the Brain: A Hormonal Regulator of Energy Balance. 13: 28.
[19]	Chrousos G, 2000. The role of stress and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome: neuro-endocrine and target tissue-related causes. Int J Obes 24: S50–S55.
[20]	Pasquali R, Vicennati V, Cacciari M, et al., 2006. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome. Ann N Y AcadSci 1083: 111–128.
[21]	Dallman MF, la Fleur SE, Pecoraro NC, et al., 2004. Minireview: Glucocorticoids—Food Intake, Abdominal Obesity, and Wealthy Nations in 2004. Endocrinology 145: 2633–2638.
[22]	Warne JP, 2009. Shaping the stress response: Interplay of palatable food choices, glucocorticoids, insulin and abdominal obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 300: 137–146.
[23]	Turner A, Veysey M, Keely S, et al., 2018. Interactions between Bitter Taste, Diet and Dysbiosis: Consequences for Appetite and Obesity. Nutrients 10: 1336.
[24]	Warne JP, Akana SF, Ginsberg AB, et al., 2009. Disengaging insulin from corticosterone: roles of each on energy intake and disposition. Am J Physiol-RegulIntegr Comp Physiol 296: R1366–R1375.
[25]	Tschöp M, Smiley DL and Heiman ML, 2000. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 407: 908–913.
[26]	Chuang J-C and Zigman JM, 2010. Ghrelin’s Roles in Stress, Mood, and Anxiety Regulation. Int J Pept 2010: 1–5.
[27]	Pinkney J, 2014. The role of ghrelin in metabolic regulation: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 17: 497–502.
[28]	Poher A-L, Tschöp MH and Müller TD, 2018. Ghrelin regulation of glucose metabolism. Peptides 100: 236–242.
[29]	Theander-Carrillo C, 2006. Ghrelin action in the brain controls adipocyte metabolism. J Clin Invest 116: 1983–1993.
[30]	Perelló M and Zigman JM, 2012. The Role of Ghrelin in Reward-Based Eating. Biol Psychiatry 72: 347–353.
[31]	Palmiter RD, 2007. Is dopamine a physiologically relevant mediator of feeding behavior? Trends Neurosci 30: 375–381.
[32]	Carlini VP, Monzón ME, Varas MM, et al., 2002. Ghrelin increases anxiety-like behavior and memory retention in rats. BiochemBiophys Res Commun 299: 739–743.
[33]	Kawakami A, Kawakami A, Okada N, et al., 2008. Leptin inhibits and ghrelin augments hypothalamic noradrenaline release after stress: Research Report. Stress 11: 363–369.
[34]	Rouach V, Bloch M, Rosenberg N, et al., 2007. The acute ghrelin response to a psychological stress challenge does not predict the post-stress urge to eat. Psych neuroendocrinology 32: 693–702.
[35]	Cummings DE, 2006. Ghrelin and the short- and long-term regulation of appetite and body weight. PhysiolBehav 89: 71–84.
[36]	Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga O, et al., 2001. Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin. Gastroenterology 120: 337–345.
[37]	Castañeda TR, Tong J, Datta R, et al., 2010. Ghrelin in the regulation of body weight and metabolism. Front Neuroendocrinol 31: 44–60.
[38]	Gormsen LC, Gjedsted J, Gjedde S, et al., 2006. Free fatty acids decrease circulating ghrelin concentrations in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 154: 667–673.
[39]	Boswell T, Li Q and Takeuchi S, 2002. Neurons expressing neuropeptide Y mRNA in the infundibular hypothalamus of Japanese quail are activated by fasting and co-express agouti-related protein mRNA. Mol Brain Res 100 (1-2): 31-42.
[40]	Maniam J and Morris MJ, 2012. The link between stress and feeding behaviour. Neuropharmacology 63: 97–110.
[41]	Sohn J-W, 2015. Network of hypothalamic neurons that control appetite. BMB Rep 48: 229–233.
[42]	Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Porte D, et al., 2000. Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature 404: 661–671.
[43]	Arora S and Anubhuti, 2006. Role of neuropeptides in appetite regulation and obesity – A review. Neuropeptides 40: 375–401.
[44]	Richards M, 2003. Genetic regulation of feed intake and energy balance in poultry. Poult Sci 82: 907–916.
[45]	Beck B, 2006. Neuropeptide Y in normal eating and in genetic and dietary-induced obesity. Philos Trans R Soc B BiolSci 361: 1159–1185.
[46]	Mizushige T, Kawai T, Matsumura S, et al., 2006. POMC and orexin mRNA expressions induced by anticipation of a corn-oil emulsion feeding are maintained at the high levels until oil ingestion. Biomed Res 27: 227–232.
[47]	Stanley BG, Daniel DR, Chin AS, et al., 1985. Paraventricular nucleus injections of peptide YY and neuropeptide Y preferentially enhance carbohydrate ingestion. Peptides 6: 1205–1211.
[48]	Stanley BG, Chin AS and Leibowitz SF, 1985. Feeding and drinking elicited by central injection of neuropeptide Y: Evidence for a hypothalamic site (s) of action. Brain Res Bull 14: 521–524.
[49]	Clark JT, Kalra PS, Crowley WR, et al., 1984. Neuropeptide y and human pancreatic polypeptide stimulate feeding behavior in rats. Endocrinology 115: 427–429.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mubashir Abbas, Abdul Rehman, Zulfia Hussain, Junaid Ali Khan. (2021). Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 7(1), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mubashir Abbas; Abdul Rehman; Zulfia Hussain; Junaid Ali Khan. Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity. J. Fam. Med. Health Care 2021, 7(1), 14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mubashir Abbas, Abdul Rehman, Zulfia Hussain, Junaid Ali Khan. Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity. J Fam Med Health Care. 2021;7(1):14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13,
  author = {Mubashir Abbas and Abdul Rehman and Zulfia Hussain and Junaid Ali Khan},
  title = {Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity},
  journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfmhc.20210701.13},
  abstract = {Activities occurring in an animal’s body are performed and regulated via certain chemicals. These chemical on the basis of multiple factors are divided into various classes. Hormones forma major class of such chemicals. Hormones are integral part of animal’s body that are involved in the mediation of a variety of vital functions. Hormonal secretions are precisely regulated in order to mediate relevant function as needed. They are important maintainers of a variety of homeostatic mechanisms including food intake, digestion, absorption and utilization. Like all other parts of animal’s body, adipose tissue is also under the influence of chemical messengers. Some of the endocrine messengers are Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormone while neural chemicals include orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides (like Neuropeptide Y). While performing normal assigned function these chemical substances strive to maintain a balance between body energy need and energy intake. If concentration or functionality of any of them is disturbed due to certain change for sufficient time period then they fail to perform their duty resulting gradual increase in body mass index. Deficiency or hypersecretion, structural deformity and functional impairment are some of the aspects that contribute towards hormonal abnormalities. Present review is based on a concise discussion about obesogenic role of Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity
AU  - Mubashir Abbas
AU  - Abdul Rehman
AU  - Zulfia Hussain
AU  - Junaid Ali Khan
Y1  - 2021/03/10
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13
T2  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
JF  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
JO  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
SP  - 14
EP  - 18
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8342
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13
AB  - Activities occurring in an animal’s body are performed and regulated via certain chemicals. These chemical on the basis of multiple factors are divided into various classes. Hormones forma major class of such chemicals. Hormones are integral part of animal’s body that are involved in the mediation of a variety of vital functions. Hormonal secretions are precisely regulated in order to mediate relevant function as needed. They are important maintainers of a variety of homeostatic mechanisms including food intake, digestion, absorption and utilization. Like all other parts of animal’s body, adipose tissue is also under the influence of chemical messengers. Some of the endocrine messengers are Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormone while neural chemicals include orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides (like Neuropeptide Y). While performing normal assigned function these chemical substances strive to maintain a balance between body energy need and energy intake. If concentration or functionality of any of them is disturbed due to certain change for sufficient time period then they fail to perform their duty resulting gradual increase in body mass index. Deficiency or hypersecretion, structural deformity and functional impairment are some of the aspects that contribute towards hormonal abnormalities. Present review is based on a concise discussion about obesogenic role of Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Mubashir Abbas

Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abdul Rehman

Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Zulfia Hussain

Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Junaid Ali Khan

Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mubashir Abbas, Abdul Rehman, Zulfia Hussain, Junaid Ali Khan. (2021). Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 7(1), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mubashir Abbas; Abdul Rehman; Zulfia Hussain; Junaid Ali Khan. Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity. J. Fam. Med. Health Care 2021, 7(1), 14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mubashir Abbas, Abdul Rehman, Zulfia Hussain, Junaid Ali Khan. Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity. J Fam Med Health Care. 2021;7(1):14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13,
  author = {Mubashir Abbas and Abdul Rehman and Zulfia Hussain and Junaid Ali Khan},
  title = {Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity},
  journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfmhc.20210701.13},
  abstract = {Activities occurring in an animal’s body are performed and regulated via certain chemicals. These chemical on the basis of multiple factors are divided into various classes. Hormones forma major class of such chemicals. Hormones are integral part of animal’s body that are involved in the mediation of a variety of vital functions. Hormonal secretions are precisely regulated in order to mediate relevant function as needed. They are important maintainers of a variety of homeostatic mechanisms including food intake, digestion, absorption and utilization. Like all other parts of animal’s body, adipose tissue is also under the influence of chemical messengers. Some of the endocrine messengers are Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormone while neural chemicals include orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides (like Neuropeptide Y). While performing normal assigned function these chemical substances strive to maintain a balance between body energy need and energy intake. If concentration or functionality of any of them is disturbed due to certain change for sufficient time period then they fail to perform their duty resulting gradual increase in body mass index. Deficiency or hypersecretion, structural deformity and functional impairment are some of the aspects that contribute towards hormonal abnormalities. Present review is based on a concise discussion about obesogenic role of Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity
AU  - Mubashir Abbas
AU  - Abdul Rehman
AU  - Zulfia Hussain
AU  - Junaid Ali Khan
Y1  - 2021/03/10
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13
T2  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
JF  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
JO  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
SP  - 14
EP  - 18
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8342
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210701.13
AB  - Activities occurring in an animal’s body are performed and regulated via certain chemicals. These chemical on the basis of multiple factors are divided into various classes. Hormones forma major class of such chemicals. Hormones are integral part of animal’s body that are involved in the mediation of a variety of vital functions. Hormonal secretions are precisely regulated in order to mediate relevant function as needed. They are important maintainers of a variety of homeostatic mechanisms including food intake, digestion, absorption and utilization. Like all other parts of animal’s body, adipose tissue is also under the influence of chemical messengers. Some of the endocrine messengers are Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormone while neural chemicals include orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides (like Neuropeptide Y). While performing normal assigned function these chemical substances strive to maintain a balance between body energy need and energy intake. If concentration or functionality of any of them is disturbed due to certain change for sufficient time period then they fail to perform their duty resulting gradual increase in body mass index. Deficiency or hypersecretion, structural deformity and functional impairment are some of the aspects that contribute towards hormonal abnormalities. Present review is based on a concise discussion about obesogenic role of Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download