Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES), also called as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), which is the condition of having dry eyes. Essential oils have drawn attention from researchers, practitioners, and therapists for their biological activities, due to pharmacological responses in the nervous system. Although there are limited reports regarding the effects of essential oils on dry eye disease, massaging clary sage and rosewood oils around the eyes, head, and neck may help alleviate dry eye. Purpose: In this study assessed the effects of an 8-week aromatherapy massage on tear secretion and autonomic nervous function adjustment in patients with dry eye symptoms. Methods: Sixty patients with dry eye symptoms aged 50–78 years were recruited and divided into three groups: massaged with a base (grapeseed) oil, essential (0.8% clary sage and rosewood) oils, and control (no treatment) groups. Ocular surface disease index, ocular surface analyzer, and heart rate variability were assessed. Overall, 8 cycles were performed over a period of 2 months. Results: Aromatherapy massage is using massage oil or lotion containing essential oils. These molecules will inhale or absorbed through the skin during the massage. The results showed that aromatherapy massage improved lipid layer quality, blinking quality, meniscus height, and noninvasive tear black-up time. Heart rate, standard deviation of heartbeat interval, low-frequency (LF) power, normalized LF power ratio (LF%), high-frequency (HF) power, and normalized HF power ratio (HF%) were altered in the aromatherapy massage group. Conclusion: The effects of aromatherapy massage on dry eye symptoms were improved through the lipid layer, blinking quality, meniscus height, and noninvasive tear black-up time. Aromatherapy massage using 0.8% clary sage and rosewood oils improved dry eye symptoms through autonomic activities.
Published in | Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care (Volume 8, Issue 4) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20220804.11 |
Page(s) | 76-82 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Dry Eye Disease, Essential Oil, Linalool, Ocular Surface Analyzer, Autonomic Nervous System
[1] | R. Mittal, S. Patel, A. Galor, Alternative therapies for dry eye disease, Current opinion in ophthalmology 32 (4) (2021) 348-361. |
[2] | F. Amparo, D. A. Schaumberg, R. Dana, Comparison of two questionnaires for dry eye symptom assessment: the ocular surface disease index and the symptom assessment in dry eye, Ophthalmology 122 (7) (2015) 1498-1503. |
[3] | A. R. Thode, R. A. Latkany, Current and emerging therapeutic strategies for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), Drugs 75 (11) (2015) 1177-1185. |
[4] | T. Deveney, P. A. Asbell, Patient and physician perspectives on the use of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% for the management of chronic dry eye, Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ) 12 (2018) 569. |
[5] | F. Mah, M. Milner, S. Yiu, E. Donnenfeld, T. M. Conway, D. A. Hollander, PERSIST: Physician’s Evaluation of Restasis® Satisfaction in Second Trial of topical cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% for dry eye: a retrospective review, Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ) 6 (2012) 1971. |
[6] | L. M. Schwartz, S. Woloshin, A clear-eyed view of Restasis and chronic dry eye disease, JAMA Internal Medicine 178 (2) (2018) 181-182. |
[7] | J. Vergis, P. Gokulakrishnan, R. Agarwal, A. Kumar, Essential oils as natural food antimicrobial agents: a review, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 55 (10) (2015) 1320-1323. |
[8] | E. Adlard, Handbook of essential oils. Science, technology and applications, Springer, 2010. |
[9] | J. T. Ramsey, B. C. Shropshire, T. R. Nagy, K. D. Chambers, Y. Li, K. S. Korach, Essential Oils and Health, Yale J Biol Med 93 (2) (2020) 291-305. |
[10] | L. R. Lizarraga-Valderrama, Effects of essential oils on central nervous system: Focus on mental health, Phytother Res 35 (2) (2021) 657-679. |
[11] | A. Saffar Shahroodi, M. Nejabat, M. Nimrouzi, H. Aghaei, A. Salehi, A. Rezaei Mokarram, Effects of intranasal administration of violet oil in dry eye disease, Clinical and Experimental Optometry 102 (6) (2019) 576-582. |
[12] | Ł. Kuźma, D. Kalemba, M. Różalski, B. Różalska, M. Więckowska-Szakiel, U. Krajewska, H. Wysokińska, Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from Salvia sclarea plants regenerated in vitro, Molecules 14 (4) (2009) 1438-1447. |
[13] | D. Jiang, Y. Zhu, J. Yu, X. Xu, Advances in research of pharmacological effects and formulation studies of linalool, Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi= China journal of Chinese materia medica 40 (18) (2015) 3530-3533. |
[14] | E. Elisabetsky, J. Marschner, D. Onofre Souza, Effects of linalool on glutamatergic system in the rat cerebral cortex, Neurochemical research 20 (4) (1995) 461-465. |
[15] | A. T. Peana, S. Marzocco, A. Popolo, A. Pinto, (−)-Linalool inhibits in vitro NO formation: probable involvement in the antinociceptive activity of this monoterpene compound, Life sciences 78 (7) (2006) 719-723. |
[16] | P. A. Batista, M. F. de Paula Werner, E. C. Oliveira, L. Burgos, P. Pereira, L. F. da Silva Brum, A. R. S. Dos Santos, Evidence for the involvement of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors on the antinociceptive effect of (−)-linalool in mice, Neuroscience Letters 440 (3) (2008) 299-303. |
[17] | M. Malik, Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use: Task force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society for Pacing and Electrophysiology, Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology 1 (2) (1996) 151-181. |
[18] | F. Darsareh, S. Taavoni, S. Joolaee, H. Haghani, Effect of aromatherapy massage on menopausal symptoms: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, Menopause 19 (9) (2012) 995-999. |
[19] | K. D. Chandwani, J. L. Ryan, L. J. Peppone, M. M. Janelsins, L. K. Sprod, K. Devine, L. Trevino, J. Gewandter, G. R. Morrow, K. M. Mustian, Cancer-related stress and complementary and alternative medicine: a review, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012). |
[20] | E. S. Shin, K. H. Seo, S. H. Lee, J. E. Jang, Y. M. Jung, M. J. Kim, J. Y. Yeon, Massage with or without aromatherapy for symptom relief in people with cancer, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6) (2016). |
[21] | G. Lopez, W. Liu, K. Milbury, A. Spelman, Q. Wei, E. Bruera, L. Cohen, The effects of oncology massage on symptom self-report for cancer patients and their caregivers, Supportive Care in Cancer 25 (12) (2017) 3645-3650. |
[22] | E. L. Mai, C.-c. Lin, I. Lian, R. Liao, M. Chen, C. Chang, Population-based study on the epidemiology of dry eye disease and its association with presbyopia and other risk factors, International Ophthalmology 39 (12) (2019) 2731-2739. |
[23] | G. Buchbauer, L. Jirovetz, W. Jäger, Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46 (11-12) (1991) 1067-1072. |
[24] | G. Buchbauer, L. Jirovetz, W. Jager, C. Plank, H. Dietrich, Fragrance compounds and essential oils with sedative effects upon inhalation, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 82 (6) (1993) 660-664. |
[25] | M. Lis-Balchin, S. Hart, Correlation of the chemical profiles of essential oil mixes with their relaxant and stimulant properties in man and smooth muscle preparations in vitro, Proceedings of the 27th international symposium on essential oils, Vienna, Austria, 1997, pp. 8-11. |
[26] | M. Lis-Balchin, S. Hart, Studies on the mode of action of the essential oil of LavenderLavandula angustifolia P. Miller, Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 13 (6) (1999) 540-542. |
APA Style
Hsiu-Yin Kuo, Chang-Tsen Hung, Chin-Cheng Hsieh, Hsiao-Chuan Wen, Chao-Kai Chang. (2022). Effects of Aromatherapy Massage on Dry Eye Disease via the Autonomic Nervous System Regulation. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 8(4), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20220804.11
ACS Style
Hsiu-Yin Kuo; Chang-Tsen Hung; Chin-Cheng Hsieh; Hsiao-Chuan Wen; Chao-Kai Chang. Effects of Aromatherapy Massage on Dry Eye Disease via the Autonomic Nervous System Regulation. J. Fam. Med. Health Care 2022, 8(4), 76-82. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20220804.11
@article{10.11648/j.jfmhc.20220804.11, author = {Hsiu-Yin Kuo and Chang-Tsen Hung and Chin-Cheng Hsieh and Hsiao-Chuan Wen and Chao-Kai Chang}, title = {Effects of Aromatherapy Massage on Dry Eye Disease via the Autonomic Nervous System Regulation}, journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {76-82}, doi = {10.11648/j.jfmhc.20220804.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20220804.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfmhc.20220804.11}, abstract = {Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES), also called as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), which is the condition of having dry eyes. Essential oils have drawn attention from researchers, practitioners, and therapists for their biological activities, due to pharmacological responses in the nervous system. Although there are limited reports regarding the effects of essential oils on dry eye disease, massaging clary sage and rosewood oils around the eyes, head, and neck may help alleviate dry eye. Purpose: In this study assessed the effects of an 8-week aromatherapy massage on tear secretion and autonomic nervous function adjustment in patients with dry eye symptoms. Methods: Sixty patients with dry eye symptoms aged 50–78 years were recruited and divided into three groups: massaged with a base (grapeseed) oil, essential (0.8% clary sage and rosewood) oils, and control (no treatment) groups. Ocular surface disease index, ocular surface analyzer, and heart rate variability were assessed. Overall, 8 cycles were performed over a period of 2 months. Results: Aromatherapy massage is using massage oil or lotion containing essential oils. These molecules will inhale or absorbed through the skin during the massage. The results showed that aromatherapy massage improved lipid layer quality, blinking quality, meniscus height, and noninvasive tear black-up time. Heart rate, standard deviation of heartbeat interval, low-frequency (LF) power, normalized LF power ratio (LF%), high-frequency (HF) power, and normalized HF power ratio (HF%) were altered in the aromatherapy massage group. Conclusion: The effects of aromatherapy massage on dry eye symptoms were improved through the lipid layer, blinking quality, meniscus height, and noninvasive tear black-up time. Aromatherapy massage using 0.8% clary sage and rosewood oils improved dry eye symptoms through autonomic activities.}, year = {2022} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Aromatherapy Massage on Dry Eye Disease via the Autonomic Nervous System Regulation AU - Hsiu-Yin Kuo AU - Chang-Tsen Hung AU - Chin-Cheng Hsieh AU - Hsiao-Chuan Wen AU - Chao-Kai Chang Y1 - 2022/10/28 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20220804.11 DO - 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20220804.11 T2 - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care JF - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care JO - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care SP - 76 EP - 82 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2469-8342 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20220804.11 AB - Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES), also called as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), which is the condition of having dry eyes. Essential oils have drawn attention from researchers, practitioners, and therapists for their biological activities, due to pharmacological responses in the nervous system. Although there are limited reports regarding the effects of essential oils on dry eye disease, massaging clary sage and rosewood oils around the eyes, head, and neck may help alleviate dry eye. Purpose: In this study assessed the effects of an 8-week aromatherapy massage on tear secretion and autonomic nervous function adjustment in patients with dry eye symptoms. Methods: Sixty patients with dry eye symptoms aged 50–78 years were recruited and divided into three groups: massaged with a base (grapeseed) oil, essential (0.8% clary sage and rosewood) oils, and control (no treatment) groups. Ocular surface disease index, ocular surface analyzer, and heart rate variability were assessed. Overall, 8 cycles were performed over a period of 2 months. Results: Aromatherapy massage is using massage oil or lotion containing essential oils. These molecules will inhale or absorbed through the skin during the massage. The results showed that aromatherapy massage improved lipid layer quality, blinking quality, meniscus height, and noninvasive tear black-up time. Heart rate, standard deviation of heartbeat interval, low-frequency (LF) power, normalized LF power ratio (LF%), high-frequency (HF) power, and normalized HF power ratio (HF%) were altered in the aromatherapy massage group. Conclusion: The effects of aromatherapy massage on dry eye symptoms were improved through the lipid layer, blinking quality, meniscus height, and noninvasive tear black-up time. Aromatherapy massage using 0.8% clary sage and rosewood oils improved dry eye symptoms through autonomic activities. VL - 8 IS - 4 ER -