Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa

Getachew Weldeyohannes; Ephrem Mamo; Aman Yesuf; Alemu Kibret

doi:doi:10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12

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Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa

Getachew Weldeyohannes, Ephrem Mamo, Aman Yesuf, Alemu Kibret

Published in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 4 October 2022 Accepted: 2 November 2022 Published: 10 November 2022

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Abstract

Introduction: Globally, as of May 11, 2021, there have been over 158 million confirmed cases including over 3 million deaths, including the African continent, which is highly impacted. Ethiopia, the second-most populous African country, reported its first case on 13 March 2020 and has now reached over 260,000 confirmed cases and 3,888 deaths. The country has the 4th highest number of COVID-19 confirmed cases on the African continent and has the highest death rate among East African countries. Most of the cases in Ethiopia were from Addis Ababa, the capital city, with a projected population of over four million. Method: The study used descriptive, cross-sectional study design using community based approaches as appropriate as possible to address the specific objectives. The quantitative data was collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Using stratified sampling techniques a total of 634 participants were selected from each stratum. In each stratum a systematic random sampling techniques were applied. Result: About 74.3% study participants reported daily face mask utilization while 12.2% of the study participants used face masks occasionally. Utilization of face masks is highest (79%) among private employees followed by daily laborers (76%) and unemployed people (72%) while lowest utilization of face masks was observed among Government employees (58.8%). In this study the odds of face mask utilization among participants whose age 30-39 years is 0.446 (AOR=0.446, CI: 0.22, 0.91) times less likely compared to those participants who were in the age range of 60 and above. The odds of face mask utilization among daily laborers is 0.33 (AOR=0.33, CI: 0.16, 0.67) times less likely compared to Government employees. With regard to educational status, the odds of sanitizer utilization among uneducated participants were 4.831 (AOR=CI: 2.18, 10.708) times more likely compared to those participants who are degree holders and above. Conclusion: Utilization of face masks is highest (79%) among private employees followed by daily laborers (76%) and unemployed people (72%) while lowest utilization of face masks was observed among Government employees (58.8%).

Published in	Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12
Page(s)	21-29
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Utilization, COVID-19 Prevention Control Measures, Associated Factors

References

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[5]	Economic Commission for Africa (ECA). 2020. COVID-19 lock down exit strategies for Africa.
[6]	Nicola. M. 2020. Socio-economic Implication of COVID-19. International Journal of Surgery, 78 (185-193).
[7]	Biniam, S. et al. 2018. Sanitation practice and associated factors among slum dwellers residing in urban slums of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology.
[8]	CSA (Central Statistical Agency) (2013) Population Projection of Ethiopia for the Year 2014. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Central Statistical Agency, Addis Ababa, 4-38.
[9]	Zhong BL, Luo W, Li HM, Zhang QQ, Liu XG, Li WT, Li Y. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey. Int J Biol Sci. 2020 Mar 15; 16 (10): 1745-1752. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45221.
[10]	Jang WM, Jang DH, Lee JY. Social Distancing and Transmission-reducing Practices during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease and 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreaks in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Jun 15; 35 (23): e220. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e220. PMID: 32537955.
[11]	Matovu JKB, Kabwama SN, Ssekamatte T, Ssenkusu J, Wanyenze RK. COVID-19 Awareness, Adoption of COVID-19 Preventive Measures, and Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown Among Adolescent Boys and Young Men in Kampala, Uganda. J Community Health. 2021 Jan 22: 1–12. doi: 10.1007/s10900-021-00961-w. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33481156.
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[13]	Tang CS, Wong CY. Factors influencing the wearing of facemasks to prevent the severe acute respiratory syndrome among adult Chinese in Hong Kong. Prev Med. 2004 Dec; 39 (6): 1187-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.032. PMID: 15539054; PMCID: PMC7133369.

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Getachew Weldeyohannes, Ephrem Mamo, Aman Yesuf, Alemu Kibret. (2022). Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6(2), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12

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ACS Style

Getachew Weldeyohannes; Ephrem Mamo; Aman Yesuf; Alemu Kibret. Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2022, 6(2), 21-29. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12

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AMA Style

Getachew Weldeyohannes, Ephrem Mamo, Aman Yesuf, Alemu Kibret. Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa. Pathol Lab Med. 2022;6(2):21-29. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12

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@article{10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12,
  author = {Getachew Weldeyohannes and Ephrem Mamo and Aman Yesuf and Alemu Kibret},
  title = {Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa},
  journal = {Pathology and Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {21-29},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plm.20220602.12},
  abstract = {Introduction: Globally, as of May 11, 2021, there have been over 158 million confirmed cases including over 3 million deaths, including the African continent, which is highly impacted. Ethiopia, the second-most populous African country, reported its first case on 13 March 2020 and has now reached over 260,000 confirmed cases and 3,888 deaths. The country has the 4th highest number of COVID-19 confirmed cases on the African continent and has the highest death rate among East African countries. Most of the cases in Ethiopia were from Addis Ababa, the capital city, with a projected population of over four million. Method: The study used descriptive, cross-sectional study design using community based approaches as appropriate as possible to address the specific objectives. The quantitative data was collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Using stratified sampling techniques a total of 634 participants were selected from each stratum. In each stratum a systematic random sampling techniques were applied. Result: About 74.3% study participants reported daily face mask utilization while 12.2% of the study participants used face masks occasionally. Utilization of face masks is highest (79%) among private employees followed by daily laborers (76%) and unemployed people (72%) while lowest utilization of face masks was observed among Government employees (58.8%). In this study the odds of face mask utilization among participants whose age 30-39 years is 0.446 (AOR=0.446, CI: 0.22, 0.91) times less likely compared to those participants who were in the age range of 60 and above. The odds of face mask utilization among daily laborers is 0.33 (AOR=0.33, CI: 0.16, 0.67) times less likely compared to Government employees. With regard to educational status, the odds of sanitizer utilization among uneducated participants were 4.831 (AOR=CI: 2.18, 10.708) times more likely compared to those participants who are degree holders and above. Conclusion: Utilization of face masks is highest (79%) among private employees followed by daily laborers (76%) and unemployed people (72%) while lowest utilization of face masks was observed among Government employees (58.8%).},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa
AU - Getachew Weldeyohannes
AU - Ephrem Mamo
AU - Aman Yesuf
AU - Alemu Kibret
Y1 - 2022/11/10
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12
DO - 10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12
T2 - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
JF - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
JO - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
SP - 21
EP - 29
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-4478
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12
AB - Introduction: Globally, as of May 11, 2021, there have been over 158 million confirmed cases including over 3 million deaths, including the African continent, which is highly impacted. Ethiopia, the second-most populous African country, reported its first case on 13 March 2020 and has now reached over 260,000 confirmed cases and 3,888 deaths. The country has the 4th highest number of COVID-19 confirmed cases on the African continent and has the highest death rate among East African countries. Most of the cases in Ethiopia were from Addis Ababa, the capital city, with a projected population of over four million. Method: The study used descriptive, cross-sectional study design using community based approaches as appropriate as possible to address the specific objectives. The quantitative data was collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Using stratified sampling techniques a total of 634 participants were selected from each stratum. In each stratum a systematic random sampling techniques were applied. Result: About 74.3% study participants reported daily face mask utilization while 12.2% of the study participants used face masks occasionally. Utilization of face masks is highest (79%) among private employees followed by daily laborers (76%) and unemployed people (72%) while lowest utilization of face masks was observed among Government employees (58.8%). In this study the odds of face mask utilization among participants whose age 30-39 years is 0.446 (AOR=0.446, CI: 0.22, 0.91) times less likely compared to those participants who were in the age range of 60 and above. The odds of face mask utilization among daily laborers is 0.33 (AOR=0.33, CI: 0.16, 0.67) times less likely compared to Government employees. With regard to educational status, the odds of sanitizer utilization among uneducated participants were 4.831 (AOR=CI: 2.18, 10.708) times more likely compared to those participants who are degree holders and above. Conclusion: Utilization of face masks is highest (79%) among private employees followed by daily laborers (76%) and unemployed people (72%) while lowest utilization of face masks was observed among Government employees (58.8%).
VL - 6
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Getachew Weldeyohannes

Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Department of Public Health, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia
Ephrem Mamo

Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Department of Public Health, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia
Aman Yesuf

Department of Public Health, St. Paul Mellenium Medical College, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia
Alemu Kibret

Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Department of Public Health, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia

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Getachew Weldeyohannes, Ephrem Mamo, Aman Yesuf, Alemu Kibret. (2022). Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6(2), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12

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ACS Style

Getachew Weldeyohannes; Ephrem Mamo; Aman Yesuf; Alemu Kibret. Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2022, 6(2), 21-29. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12

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AMA Style

Getachew Weldeyohannes, Ephrem Mamo, Aman Yesuf, Alemu Kibret. Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa. Pathol Lab Med. 2022;6(2):21-29. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12

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@article{10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12,
  author = {Getachew Weldeyohannes and Ephrem Mamo and Aman Yesuf and Alemu Kibret},
  title = {Assessment of Utilization of Personal Protective Measures of COVID-19 and Associated Factors in Addis-Ababa},
  journal = {Pathology and Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {21-29},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20220602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plm.20220602.12},
  abstract = {Introduction: Globally, as of May 11, 2021, there have been over 158 million confirmed cases including over 3 million deaths, including the African continent, which is highly impacted. Ethiopia, the second-most populous African country, reported its first case on 13 March 2020 and has now reached over 260,000 confirmed cases and 3,888 deaths. The country has the 4th highest number of COVID-19 confirmed cases on the African continent and has the highest death rate among East African countries. Most of the cases in Ethiopia were from Addis Ababa, the capital city, with a projected population of over four million. Method: The study used descriptive, cross-sectional study design using community based approaches as appropriate as possible to address the specific objectives. The quantitative data was collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Using stratified sampling techniques a total of 634 participants were selected from each stratum. In each stratum a systematic random sampling techniques were applied. Result: About 74.3% study participants reported daily face mask utilization while 12.2% of the study participants used face masks occasionally. Utilization of face masks is highest (79%) among private employees followed by daily laborers (76%) and unemployed people (72%) while lowest utilization of face masks was observed among Government employees (58.8%). In this study the odds of face mask utilization among participants whose age 30-39 years is 0.446 (AOR=0.446, CI: 0.22, 0.91) times less likely compared to those participants who were in the age range of 60 and above. The odds of face mask utilization among daily laborers is 0.33 (AOR=0.33, CI: 0.16, 0.67) times less likely compared to Government employees. With regard to educational status, the odds of sanitizer utilization among uneducated participants were 4.831 (AOR=CI: 2.18, 10.708) times more likely compared to those participants who are degree holders and above. Conclusion: Utilization of face masks is highest (79%) among private employees followed by daily laborers (76%) and unemployed people (72%) while lowest utilization of face masks was observed among Government employees (58.8%).},
 year = {2022}
}

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