Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia

Wodaje Addis Tegegne; Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12

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Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia

Wodaje Addis Tegegne, Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 23 May 2016 Accepted: 2 June 2016 Published: 3 January 2017

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Abstract

In this study, the levels of twelve essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, Cr and Ni) and two non-essential metals (Pb and Cd) were determined in the bulb and leafs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Wet digestion method using a mixture of 5 ml of concentrated HNO3:HClO4 (4:1 v/v) was used for digestion of the samples. The determination processes were done by flame photometer for Na and K, EDTA titration method for Ca and Mg, and ICP-OES for the rest of the metals. The results obtained revealed that the concentrations of metals in the garlic bulb samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (217–366.7), K (9080–12060), Ca (1018–1286), Mg (802–992.6), Fe (63.44–91.24), Zn (31.17–35.39), Mn (5.27–7.51), Cu (4.21–7.16), Mo (1.06–2.08), Co (0.61–1.49), Ni (1.45–3.78), Cr (0.47–1.31), Pb (1.07–2.51) and Cd (0.10–0.16). The concentrations of metals in the garlic leaf samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (463–730), K (11370–12860), Ca (1209–1302), Mg (871–994), Fe (72.3–108), Zn (49.1–71.39), Mn (26.74–72.36), Cu (5.41–8.44), Mo (1.01–2.30), Co (1.17–4.96), Ni (2.17–3.54), Cr (1.20–2.17), Pb (1.87–2.84) and Cd (0.12–0.18). In addition, the results show that the levels of elements were higher in the leaves than the bulbs. In general, the levels of metals in the analyzed garlic bulb and leaf samples were found below the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit; hence they are safe for human consumption and can be considered as a good source of essential nutrients.

Published in	Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12
Page(s)	84-94
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Essential Metals, Non-essential Metals, Garlic (Allium sativum L.), Wet Digestion, ICP-OES

References

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Wodaje Addis Tegegne, Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste. (2017). Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(6), 84-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12

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ACS Style

Wodaje Addis Tegegne; Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste. Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2017, 4(6), 84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12

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AMA Style

Wodaje Addis Tegegne, Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste. Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Sci J Anal Chem. 2017;4(6):84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12,
  author = {Wodaje Addis Tegegne and Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste},
  title = {Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {84-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20160406.12},
  abstract = {In this study, the levels of twelve essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, Cr and Ni) and two non-essential metals (Pb and Cd) were determined in the bulb and leafs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Wet digestion method using a mixture of 5 ml of concentrated HNO3:HClO4 (4:1 v/v) was used for digestion of the samples. The determination processes were done by flame photometer for Na and K, EDTA titration method for Ca and Mg, and ICP-OES for the rest of the metals. The results obtained revealed that the concentrations of metals in the garlic bulb samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (217–366.7), K (9080–12060), Ca (1018–1286), Mg (802–992.6), Fe (63.44–91.24), Zn (31.17–35.39), Mn (5.27–7.51), Cu (4.21–7.16), Mo (1.06–2.08), Co (0.61–1.49), Ni (1.45–3.78), Cr (0.47–1.31), Pb (1.07–2.51) and Cd (0.10–0.16). The concentrations of metals in the garlic leaf samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (463–730), K (11370–12860), Ca (1209–1302), Mg (871–994), Fe (72.3–108), Zn (49.1–71.39), Mn (26.74–72.36), Cu (5.41–8.44), Mo (1.01–2.30), Co (1.17–4.96), Ni (2.17–3.54), Cr (1.20–2.17), Pb (1.87–2.84) and Cd (0.12–0.18). In addition, the results show that the levels of elements were higher in the leaves than the bulbs. In general, the levels of metals in the analyzed garlic bulb and leaf samples were found below the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit; hence they are safe for human consumption and can be considered as a good source of essential nutrients.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia
AU  - Wodaje Addis Tegegne
AU  - Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste
Y1  - 2017/01/03
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 84
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12
AB  - In this study, the levels of twelve essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, Cr and Ni) and two non-essential metals (Pb and Cd) were determined in the bulb and leafs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Wet digestion method using a mixture of 5 ml of concentrated HNO3:HClO4 (4:1 v/v) was used for digestion of the samples. The determination processes were done by flame photometer for Na and K, EDTA titration method for Ca and Mg, and ICP-OES for the rest of the metals. The results obtained revealed that the concentrations of metals in the garlic bulb samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (217–366.7), K (9080–12060), Ca (1018–1286), Mg (802–992.6), Fe (63.44–91.24), Zn (31.17–35.39), Mn (5.27–7.51), Cu (4.21–7.16), Mo (1.06–2.08), Co (0.61–1.49), Ni (1.45–3.78), Cr (0.47–1.31), Pb (1.07–2.51) and Cd (0.10–0.16). The concentrations of metals in the garlic leaf samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (463–730), K (11370–12860), Ca (1209–1302), Mg (871–994), Fe (72.3–108), Zn (49.1–71.39), Mn (26.74–72.36), Cu (5.41–8.44), Mo (1.01–2.30), Co (1.17–4.96), Ni (2.17–3.54), Cr (1.20–2.17), Pb (1.87–2.84) and Cd (0.12–0.18). In addition, the results show that the levels of elements were higher in the leaves than the bulbs. In general, the levels of metals in the analyzed garlic bulb and leaf samples were found below the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit; hence they are safe for human consumption and can be considered as a good source of essential nutrients.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Wodaje Addis Tegegne

Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste

Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia

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Wodaje Addis Tegegne, Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste. (2017). Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(6), 84-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12

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ACS Style

Wodaje Addis Tegegne; Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste. Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2017, 4(6), 84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12

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AMA Style

Wodaje Addis Tegegne, Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste. Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Sci J Anal Chem. 2017;4(6):84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12,
  author = {Wodaje Addis Tegegne and Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste},
  title = {Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {84-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20160406.12},
  abstract = {In this study, the levels of twelve essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, Cr and Ni) and two non-essential metals (Pb and Cd) were determined in the bulb and leafs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Wet digestion method using a mixture of 5 ml of concentrated HNO3:HClO4 (4:1 v/v) was used for digestion of the samples. The determination processes were done by flame photometer for Na and K, EDTA titration method for Ca and Mg, and ICP-OES for the rest of the metals. The results obtained revealed that the concentrations of metals in the garlic bulb samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (217–366.7), K (9080–12060), Ca (1018–1286), Mg (802–992.6), Fe (63.44–91.24), Zn (31.17–35.39), Mn (5.27–7.51), Cu (4.21–7.16), Mo (1.06–2.08), Co (0.61–1.49), Ni (1.45–3.78), Cr (0.47–1.31), Pb (1.07–2.51) and Cd (0.10–0.16). The concentrations of metals in the garlic leaf samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (463–730), K (11370–12860), Ca (1209–1302), Mg (871–994), Fe (72.3–108), Zn (49.1–71.39), Mn (26.74–72.36), Cu (5.41–8.44), Mo (1.01–2.30), Co (1.17–4.96), Ni (2.17–3.54), Cr (1.20–2.17), Pb (1.87–2.84) and Cd (0.12–0.18). In addition, the results show that the levels of elements were higher in the leaves than the bulbs. In general, the levels of metals in the analyzed garlic bulb and leaf samples were found below the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit; hence they are safe for human consumption and can be considered as a good source of essential nutrients.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia
AU  - Wodaje Addis Tegegne
AU  - Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste
Y1  - 2017/01/03
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 84
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160406.12
AB  - In this study, the levels of twelve essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, Cr and Ni) and two non-essential metals (Pb and Cd) were determined in the bulb and leafs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Wet digestion method using a mixture of 5 ml of concentrated HNO3:HClO4 (4:1 v/v) was used for digestion of the samples. The determination processes were done by flame photometer for Na and K, EDTA titration method for Ca and Mg, and ICP-OES for the rest of the metals. The results obtained revealed that the concentrations of metals in the garlic bulb samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (217–366.7), K (9080–12060), Ca (1018–1286), Mg (802–992.6), Fe (63.44–91.24), Zn (31.17–35.39), Mn (5.27–7.51), Cu (4.21–7.16), Mo (1.06–2.08), Co (0.61–1.49), Ni (1.45–3.78), Cr (0.47–1.31), Pb (1.07–2.51) and Cd (0.10–0.16). The concentrations of metals in the garlic leaf samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (463–730), K (11370–12860), Ca (1209–1302), Mg (871–994), Fe (72.3–108), Zn (49.1–71.39), Mn (26.74–72.36), Cu (5.41–8.44), Mo (1.01–2.30), Co (1.17–4.96), Ni (2.17–3.54), Cr (1.20–2.17), Pb (1.87–2.84) and Cd (0.12–0.18). In addition, the results show that the levels of elements were higher in the leaves than the bulbs. In general, the levels of metals in the analyzed garlic bulb and leaf samples were found below the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit; hence they are safe for human consumption and can be considered as a good source of essential nutrients.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

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