Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta

Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi; Isukuru Efe Jeffery; Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde; Adedosu Taofik Adewale; Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14

Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta

Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi, Isukuru Efe Jeffery, Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde, Adedosu Taofik Adewale, Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi

Published in Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 4 May 2022 Accepted: 19 May 2022 Published: 8 June 2022

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Abstract

Organochlorine compounds (OCCs) are part of molecules that form the complex nature of crude oil. They bioaccumulate in animals and humans to concentrations with the potential to cause non-cancer and cancer-related diseases. OCCs undergo biodegradation to form more toxic complexes in the environmental media. Hence, it is essential to determine the concentration levels of OCCs in crude oil-polluted sites and the health risk they pose within the environmental media in the Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. Environmental samples (water, soil, and sediments) were collected from oil spill sites at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities prepared with USEPA Method 8081b in the laboratory for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis to determine the concentration levels of OCCs. The GC-MS analysis results revealed common OCCs such as Heptachlor epoxide, Endosulfan II, Methoxychlor, Alpha-Lindane, gamma-Lindane and p, p'-DDD. The OCCs observed have two sources, directly from the crude oil spill and the biodegrading effect of the environmental agents. A good correlation was recorded among the OCCs at Ihwrekreka, and Okpare-Olomu according to Pearson's correlation with a moderately positive correlation (r = 0.514, p < 0.991), a good correlation recorded among the OCCs, which means that any observed health-related challenges within each community are likely to be from similar source; i.e. crude oil spills. The OCCs with high concentrations ranging from 2–140 mg/l were observed for Heptachlor epoxide II, Endosulfan II, Methoxychlor and p, p–DDD. The presence and concentrations of the OCCs from Ihwrekreka and Okpare-Olomu indicate the potential of OCCs to cause health-related problems. Hence, non-cancer and cancer risk assessments of OCCs in samples were performed on water samples because the river serves as a source of drinking water for the two communities. The non-cancer risk results in both communities revealed that Endosulfan II has the potential to affect all age groups, while Methoxychlor and Heptachlor epoxide (Isomer A) could only affect teenagers. The risk potential of cancer was very high for most of the OCCs (CR > 10^-6), and compounds such as Heptachlor epoxide (Isomer A), Endosulfan II, p, p'-DDD, and Endosulfan sulfate were already at a state that required protective measures (CR = 10^-3). Consequently, the study revealed that the water within the two communities could potentially cause both non-cancer and cancer risks to the communities.

Published in	Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14
Page(s)	81-92
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Organochlorine, Cancer Risk, Heptachlor Epoxide

References

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APA Style

Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi, Isukuru Efe Jeffery, Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde, Adedosu Taofik Adewale, Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi. (2022). Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta. Science Journal of Chemistry, 10(3), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14

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ACS Style

Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi; Isukuru Efe Jeffery; Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde; Adedosu Taofik Adewale; Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi. Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta. Sci. J. Chem. 2022, 10(3), 81-92. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14

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AMA Style

Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi, Isukuru Efe Jeffery, Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde, Adedosu Taofik Adewale, Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi. Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta. Sci J Chem. 2022;10(3):81-92. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14

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@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14,
  author = {Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi and Isukuru Efe Jeffery and Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde and Adedosu Taofik Adewale and Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi},
  title = {Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {81-92},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20221003.14},
  abstract = {Organochlorine compounds (OCCs) are part of molecules that form the complex nature of crude oil. They bioaccumulate in animals and humans to concentrations with the potential to cause non-cancer and cancer-related diseases. OCCs undergo biodegradation to form more toxic complexes in the environmental media. Hence, it is essential to determine the concentration levels of OCCs in crude oil-polluted sites and the health risk they pose within the environmental media in the Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. Environmental samples (water, soil, and sediments) were collected from oil spill sites at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities prepared with USEPA Method 8081b in the laboratory for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis to determine the concentration levels of OCCs. The GC-MS analysis results revealed common OCCs such as Heptachlor epoxide, Endosulfan II, Methoxychlor, Alpha-Lindane, gamma-Lindane and p, p'-DDD. The OCCs observed have two sources, directly from the crude oil spill and the biodegrading effect of the environmental agents. A good correlation was recorded among the OCCs at Ihwrekreka, and Okpare-Olomu according to Pearson's correlation with a moderately positive correlation (r = 0.514, p  10-6), and compounds such as Heptachlor epoxide (Isomer A), Endosulfan II, p, p'-DDD, and Endosulfan sulfate were already at a state that required protective measures (CR = 10-3). Consequently, the study revealed that the water within the two communities could potentially cause both non-cancer and cancer risks to the communities.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta
AU  - Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi
AU  - Isukuru Efe Jeffery
AU  - Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde
AU  - Adedosu Taofik Adewale
AU  - Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi
Y1  - 2022/06/08
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 81
EP  - 92
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14
AB  - Organochlorine compounds (OCCs) are part of molecules that form the complex nature of crude oil. They bioaccumulate in animals and humans to concentrations with the potential to cause non-cancer and cancer-related diseases. OCCs undergo biodegradation to form more toxic complexes in the environmental media. Hence, it is essential to determine the concentration levels of OCCs in crude oil-polluted sites and the health risk they pose within the environmental media in the Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. Environmental samples (water, soil, and sediments) were collected from oil spill sites at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities prepared with USEPA Method 8081b in the laboratory for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis to determine the concentration levels of OCCs. The GC-MS analysis results revealed common OCCs such as Heptachlor epoxide, Endosulfan II, Methoxychlor, Alpha-Lindane, gamma-Lindane and p, p'-DDD. The OCCs observed have two sources, directly from the crude oil spill and the biodegrading effect of the environmental agents. A good correlation was recorded among the OCCs at Ihwrekreka, and Okpare-Olomu according to Pearson's correlation with a moderately positive correlation (r = 0.514, p  10-6), and compounds such as Heptachlor epoxide (Isomer A), Endosulfan II, p, p'-DDD, and Endosulfan sulfate were already at a state that required protective measures (CR = 10-3). Consequently, the study revealed that the water within the two communities could potentially cause both non-cancer and cancer risks to the communities.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun, Effurun, Nigeria
Isukuru Efe Jeffery

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun, Effurun, Nigeria
Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun, Effurun, Nigeria
Adedosu Taofik Adewale

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun, Effurun, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi, Isukuru Efe Jeffery, Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde, Adedosu Taofik Adewale, Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi. (2022). Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta. Science Journal of Chemistry, 10(3), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14

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ACS Style

Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi; Isukuru Efe Jeffery; Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde; Adedosu Taofik Adewale; Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi. Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta. Sci. J. Chem. 2022, 10(3), 81-92. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14

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AMA Style

Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi, Isukuru Efe Jeffery, Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde, Adedosu Taofik Adewale, Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi. Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta. Sci J Chem. 2022;10(3):81-92. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14,
  author = {Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi and Isukuru Efe Jeffery and Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde and Adedosu Taofik Adewale and Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi},
  title = {Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {81-92},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20221003.14},
  abstract = {Organochlorine compounds (OCCs) are part of molecules that form the complex nature of crude oil. They bioaccumulate in animals and humans to concentrations with the potential to cause non-cancer and cancer-related diseases. OCCs undergo biodegradation to form more toxic complexes in the environmental media. Hence, it is essential to determine the concentration levels of OCCs in crude oil-polluted sites and the health risk they pose within the environmental media in the Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. Environmental samples (water, soil, and sediments) were collected from oil spill sites at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities prepared with USEPA Method 8081b in the laboratory for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis to determine the concentration levels of OCCs. The GC-MS analysis results revealed common OCCs such as Heptachlor epoxide, Endosulfan II, Methoxychlor, Alpha-Lindane, gamma-Lindane and p, p'-DDD. The OCCs observed have two sources, directly from the crude oil spill and the biodegrading effect of the environmental agents. A good correlation was recorded among the OCCs at Ihwrekreka, and Okpare-Olomu according to Pearson's correlation with a moderately positive correlation (r = 0.514, p  10-6), and compounds such as Heptachlor epoxide (Isomer A), Endosulfan II, p, p'-DDD, and Endosulfan sulfate were already at a state that required protective measures (CR = 10-3). Consequently, the study revealed that the water within the two communities could potentially cause both non-cancer and cancer risks to the communities.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Compounds at a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil in at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka Communities the Niger Delta
AU  - Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi
AU  - Isukuru Efe Jeffery
AU  - Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde
AU  - Adedosu Taofik Adewale
AU  - Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi
Y1  - 2022/06/08
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 81
EP  - 92
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.14
AB  - Organochlorine compounds (OCCs) are part of molecules that form the complex nature of crude oil. They bioaccumulate in animals and humans to concentrations with the potential to cause non-cancer and cancer-related diseases. OCCs undergo biodegradation to form more toxic complexes in the environmental media. Hence, it is essential to determine the concentration levels of OCCs in crude oil-polluted sites and the health risk they pose within the environmental media in the Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. Environmental samples (water, soil, and sediments) were collected from oil spill sites at Okpare-Olomu and Ihwrekreka communities prepared with USEPA Method 8081b in the laboratory for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis to determine the concentration levels of OCCs. The GC-MS analysis results revealed common OCCs such as Heptachlor epoxide, Endosulfan II, Methoxychlor, Alpha-Lindane, gamma-Lindane and p, p'-DDD. The OCCs observed have two sources, directly from the crude oil spill and the biodegrading effect of the environmental agents. A good correlation was recorded among the OCCs at Ihwrekreka, and Okpare-Olomu according to Pearson's correlation with a moderately positive correlation (r = 0.514, p  10-6), and compounds such as Heptachlor epoxide (Isomer A), Endosulfan II, p, p'-DDD, and Endosulfan sulfate were already at a state that required protective measures (CR = 10-3). Consequently, the study revealed that the water within the two communities could potentially cause both non-cancer and cancer risks to the communities.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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