Development of CO<sub>2</sub> in N<sub>2</sub> Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements

Adel Bassuoni Shehata; Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar; Najjy Hamad AlYami; Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Development of CO₂ in N₂ Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements

Adel Bassuoni Shehata, Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar, Najjy Hamad AlYami, Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi

Published in Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 5)

Received: 11 August 2022 Accepted: 26 August 2022 Published: 5 September 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an important heat-trapping gas, which leads to a rise in the earth's temperature causing climate changes with adverse effects. This climate change created the need for national and international programs to monitor the levels of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The CO₂ monitoring programs should be supported with traceability of the measurement results to the SI units to provide confidence in the monitoring results based on which, the right decisions for environmental treatment could be made. In this research paper, a primary CO₂ in nitrogen gas mixture of concentration 199.42 mmol/mol has been gravimetrically prepared from pure CO₂ and N₂ in a 5L aluminum gas cylinder based on ISO 6142. From this mixture, five diluted gas mixture of mole fractions 9.998, 24.916, 49.828, 74.664 and 99.825 mmol/mol were prepared. The prepared gas mixtures were analyzed by GC-TCD according to ISO 6143 to verify their mol fractions and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained by the gravimetric preparations. These reference materials are very useful for the periodical calibration of CO₂ monitors operated within the climate change monitoring programs and those used for car exhaust measurements. A multipoint calibration of two CO₂ monitors using the prepared CO₂ CRMs has been performed as an application and the monitors showed very good linear response with reasonable uncertainty.

Published in	Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11
Page(s)	133-143
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gas Mixture, Mole Fraction, GC-TCD, Uncertainty, CRM, Calibration, CO₂ Monitors

References

[1]	Le Treut, H., Somerville, R., Cubasch, U., Ding, Y., Mauritzen, C., Mokssit, A., et al. (2007). “Historical overview of climate change science,” in Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
[2]	IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds O. R. Edenhofer, Y. Pichs-Madruga, E. Sokona, S. Farahani, K. Kadner, A. Seyboth, et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[3]	Kiehl, J., and Trenberth, K. (1997). Earth’s annual global mean energy budget. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 78, 197–208.
[4]	Schmidt, G. A., Ruedy, R. A., Miller, R. L., and Lacis, A. A. (2010). Attribution of the present-day total greenhouse effect. J. Geophys. Res. 115: D20106.
[5]	Hegerl GC, et al. (2007) IPCC Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, eds S Solomon et al. (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK), pp 663–746.
[6]	Mittler, R., and Blumwald, E. (2010). Genetic engineering for modern agriculture: challenges and perspectives. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 61, 443–462. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112116.
[7]	Meinshausen M, et al. (2009). Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2°C. Nature 458: 1158–1162.
[8]	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Report of the conference of the parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to December 2010 (2011). Available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/sb/eng/inf01r01.pdf.
[9]	Ting Wei et al (2012). Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO₂ mitigation. PNAS, August 7, vol. 109, no. 32, p12911–12915.
[10]	Den Elzen MGJ, Schaeffer M (2002). Responsibility for past and future global warming: Uncertainties in attributing anthropogenic climate change. Clim Change 54: 29–73.
[11]	Meane E. A. D, Plassa M, Roll F. E and Sega M. (2009). Metrological traceability in gas analysis at I. N. R. I. M gravimetric primary gas mixtures, Accred. Qual. Assur. 14, 607-611.
[12]	Sanem Hosbas Coskun, Stephen A. Wise and Adam J. Kuszak (2021). The Importance of Reference Materials and Method Validation for Advancing Research on the Health Effects of Dietary Supplements and Other Natural Products. Frontiers in nutrition, Vol 8, Article 786261.
[13]	ILAC-G9: 2005. Guidelines for the Selection and Use of Reference Materials.
[14]	JCGM 200 (2012). International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) 3rd edition.
[15]	Budiman, H and Zuas, O (2015). Validation of analytical method for the determination of high level carbon dioxde (CO₂) in nitrogen gas (N₂) matrix using gas chromatography thermal conductivity detector, Period. Tche Quim. 12, 7-16.
[16]	ISO 6142 (E): Gas analysis-preparation calibration gas mixtures-gravimetric method (2001). 2nd Ed.
[17]	ISO 6143 (E): Gas analysis-comparison methods for determining and checking the composition of calibration gas mixtures (2001) 2nd ed.
[18]	BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML (1993). Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. 1st ed.
[19]	Shehata A. B, Alyami, N. H, Alowayai and Alaskar A. R (2021). Preparation and certification of carbon monoxide gas reference material for the quality of CO emission measurements. J. Chem. Metrol. 15: 1, 11-24.
[20]	Budiman. H, Mulyana M. R and Zuas, O (2017). Gravimetric dilution of calibration gas mixtures (CO₂, CO and CH₄ in He balance): toward their uncertainty estimation, AIP Conf. Proc. 1803, 1-11.
[21]	Wieser M. E and Berglund M (2009). Atomic weights of the elements 2007 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure Appl. Chem, 81 (11), 2131-2156.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adel Bassuoni Shehata, Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar, Najjy Hamad AlYami, Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi. (2022). Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements. Science Journal of Chemistry, 10(5), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Adel Bassuoni Shehata; Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar; Najjy Hamad AlYami; Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi. Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements. Sci. J. Chem. 2022, 10(5), 133-143. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Adel Bassuoni Shehata, Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar, Najjy Hamad AlYami, Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi. Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements. Sci J Chem. 2022;10(5):133-143. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11,
  author = {Adel Bassuoni Shehata and Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar and Najjy Hamad AlYami and Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi},
  title = {Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {133-143},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20221005.11},
  abstract = {Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important heat-trapping gas, which leads to a rise in the earth's temperature causing climate changes with adverse effects. This climate change created the need for national and international programs to monitor the levels of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The CO2 monitoring programs should be supported with traceability of the measurement results to the SI units to provide confidence in the monitoring results based on which, the right decisions for environmental treatment could be made. In this research paper, a primary CO2 in nitrogen gas mixture of concentration 199.42 mmol/mol has been gravimetrically prepared from pure CO2 and N2 in a 5L aluminum gas cylinder based on ISO 6142. From this mixture, five diluted gas mixture of mole fractions 9.998, 24.916, 49.828, 74.664 and 99.825 mmol/mol were prepared. The prepared gas mixtures were analyzed by GC-TCD according to ISO 6143 to verify their mol fractions and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained by the gravimetric preparations. These reference materials are very useful for the periodical calibration of CO2 monitors operated within the climate change monitoring programs and those used for car exhaust measurements. A multipoint calibration of two CO2 monitors using the prepared CO2 CRMs has been performed as an application and the monitors showed very good linear response with reasonable uncertainty.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements
AU  - Adel Bassuoni Shehata
AU  - Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar
AU  - Najjy Hamad AlYami
AU  - Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi
Y1  - 2022/09/05
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 133
EP  - 143
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11
AB  - Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important heat-trapping gas, which leads to a rise in the earth's temperature causing climate changes with adverse effects. This climate change created the need for national and international programs to monitor the levels of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The CO2 monitoring programs should be supported with traceability of the measurement results to the SI units to provide confidence in the monitoring results based on which, the right decisions for environmental treatment could be made. In this research paper, a primary CO2 in nitrogen gas mixture of concentration 199.42 mmol/mol has been gravimetrically prepared from pure CO2 and N2 in a 5L aluminum gas cylinder based on ISO 6142. From this mixture, five diluted gas mixture of mole fractions 9.998, 24.916, 49.828, 74.664 and 99.825 mmol/mol were prepared. The prepared gas mixtures were analyzed by GC-TCD according to ISO 6143 to verify their mol fractions and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained by the gravimetric preparations. These reference materials are very useful for the periodical calibration of CO2 monitors operated within the climate change monitoring programs and those used for car exhaust measurements. A multipoint calibration of two CO2 monitors using the prepared CO2 CRMs has been performed as an application and the monitors showed very good linear response with reasonable uncertainty.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Adel Bassuoni Shehata

Chemistry Department/National Measurement and Calibration Center (NMCC), Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar

Chemistry Department/National Measurement and Calibration Center (NMCC), Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Najjy Hamad AlYami

Chemistry Department/National Measurement and Calibration Center (NMCC), Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi

Chemistry Department/National Measurement and Calibration Center (NMCC), Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adel Bassuoni Shehata, Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar, Najjy Hamad AlYami, Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi. (2022). Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements. Science Journal of Chemistry, 10(5), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Adel Bassuoni Shehata; Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar; Najjy Hamad AlYami; Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi. Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements. Sci. J. Chem. 2022, 10(5), 133-143. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Adel Bassuoni Shehata, Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar, Najjy Hamad AlYami, Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi. Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements. Sci J Chem. 2022;10(5):133-143. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11,
  author = {Adel Bassuoni Shehata and Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar and Najjy Hamad AlYami and Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi},
  title = {Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {133-143},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20221005.11},
  abstract = {Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important heat-trapping gas, which leads to a rise in the earth's temperature causing climate changes with adverse effects. This climate change created the need for national and international programs to monitor the levels of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The CO2 monitoring programs should be supported with traceability of the measurement results to the SI units to provide confidence in the monitoring results based on which, the right decisions for environmental treatment could be made. In this research paper, a primary CO2 in nitrogen gas mixture of concentration 199.42 mmol/mol has been gravimetrically prepared from pure CO2 and N2 in a 5L aluminum gas cylinder based on ISO 6142. From this mixture, five diluted gas mixture of mole fractions 9.998, 24.916, 49.828, 74.664 and 99.825 mmol/mol were prepared. The prepared gas mixtures were analyzed by GC-TCD according to ISO 6143 to verify their mol fractions and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained by the gravimetric preparations. These reference materials are very useful for the periodical calibration of CO2 monitors operated within the climate change monitoring programs and those used for car exhaust measurements. A multipoint calibration of two CO2 monitors using the prepared CO2 CRMs has been performed as an application and the monitors showed very good linear response with reasonable uncertainty.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Development of CO2 in N2 Primary Gas Mixtures as Certified Reference Materials for Supporting the Climate Change Monitoring Measurements
AU  - Adel Bassuoni Shehata
AU  - Abdulrahman Rashed AlAskar
AU  - Najjy Hamad AlYami
AU  - Abdullah Suliman AlOwaysi
Y1  - 2022/09/05
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 133
EP  - 143
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.11
AB  - Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important heat-trapping gas, which leads to a rise in the earth's temperature causing climate changes with adverse effects. This climate change created the need for national and international programs to monitor the levels of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The CO2 monitoring programs should be supported with traceability of the measurement results to the SI units to provide confidence in the monitoring results based on which, the right decisions for environmental treatment could be made. In this research paper, a primary CO2 in nitrogen gas mixture of concentration 199.42 mmol/mol has been gravimetrically prepared from pure CO2 and N2 in a 5L aluminum gas cylinder based on ISO 6142. From this mixture, five diluted gas mixture of mole fractions 9.998, 24.916, 49.828, 74.664 and 99.825 mmol/mol were prepared. The prepared gas mixtures were analyzed by GC-TCD according to ISO 6143 to verify their mol fractions and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained by the gravimetric preparations. These reference materials are very useful for the periodical calibration of CO2 monitors operated within the climate change monitoring programs and those used for car exhaust measurements. A multipoint calibration of two CO2 monitors using the prepared CO2 CRMs has been performed as an application and the monitors showed very good linear response with reasonable uncertainty.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download