Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (l.) <i>Moench</i>) Juice Using Response Surface Method

Purity Ngui; Dolphene Okoth; Stephen Otieno; Bowa Kwach; Patrick Kuloba; David Onyango; Harun Ogindo; Chrispin Kowenje

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16

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Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method

Purity Ngui, Dolphene Okoth, Stephen Otieno, Bowa Kwach, Patrick Kuloba, David Onyango, Harun Ogindo, Chrispin Kowenje

Published in Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 5)

Received: 24 September 2022 Accepted: 17 October 2022 Published: 30 October 2022

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Abstract

The use of fossil fuel as a source of energy has been unsustainable and has adverse effects to the environment. Bioethanol is a suitable alternative due to its exceptional properties. Bioethanol production can be done through fermentation of sucrose in presence of a catalyst and as is customary for every production processes, the fermentation parameters such as the pH, duration of reaction, the catalyst concentration and the temperature need to be optimized. Thus, this study sought to optimize bioethanol production parameters from the sweet sorghum stalk juice. Sweet sorghum is potential multipurpose crop since it can be used as human food, animal feed, animal fodder and processed for syrup and bio-fuel. For this work, Sweet sorghum stalks were harvested 15 weeks after planting, crushed to extract the juice and the juice fermented in presence of biocatalyst (Saccharymyes ceresiae). A 44 Factorial design in Minitab 17 software was used to design the experimental runs. Thereafter, response surface method (SRM) and contour plots were used to determine the best operating conditions among the applied factorial combination of parameters. It was concluded that the optimal catalyst concentration was 1.5 ± 0.5 g/l, duration of reaction was 55.25 ± 3.25 hrs., pH was 5.0 ± 0.25 and the temperature was 40 ± 1.0 degrees Celsius. The chemical composition of the produced bioethanol indicated that it is a good substitute for combustion engine fuel. Thus, the bioethanol has the potential to replace the fossil gasoline as a fuel hence being friendlier to the environment.

Published in	Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16
Page(s)	177-185
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bioethanol, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Fossil Fuel, Sweet Sorghum, Emissions

References

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[4]	Ratnavathi, C., et al., Sweet sorghum as feedstock for biofuel production: a review. Sugar Tech, 2011. 13 (4): p. 399-407.
[5]	Khalil, S. R., A. Abdelhafez, and E. Amer, Evaluation of bioethanol production from juice and bagasse of some sweet sorghum varieties. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 2015. 60 (2): p. 317-324.
[6]	Mei, X., et al., Optimization of fermentation conditions for the production of ethanol from stalk juice of sweet sorghum by immobilized yeast using response surface methodology. Energy & fuels, 2009. 23 (1): p. 487-491.
[7]	Li, P., et al., Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. Bioresource technology, 2016. 206: p. 86-92.
[8]	Wang, L., et al., Optimization of electrochemical oxidation of dye wastewater using response surface methodology. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2014. 8 (3): p. 990-996.
[9]	Zainol, N. and S. N. Ismail, Evaluation of enzyme kinetic parameters to produce methanol using Michaelis-Menten equation. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 2019. 14 (2): p. 436-442.
[10]	Weather Atlas. Available from: https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/kenya/maseno-climate.
[11]	Mukabane, B. G., Utilization of sweet sorghum: production of bio-ethanol from nonedible part and evaluation of the juice crystallization potential. 2015.
[12]	Ocreto, J. B., et al., A critical review on second-and third-generation bioethanol production using microwaved-assisted heating (MAH) pretreatment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021. 152: p. 111679.
[13]	Makori, E. M., The Potential of Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] As A Bio-Resource for Syrup and Ethanol Production in Kenya. 2014.
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[15]	Mutepe, R. D., Ethanol production from sweet sorghum. 2012, North-West University.
[16]	Chauhan, N. M., et al., Bioethanol production from stalk residues of chiquere and gebabe varieties of sweet sorghum. International Journal of Microbiology, 2021. 2021.
[17]	Nguyen, H. P., H. D. Le, and V. V. M. Le, Effect of ethanol stress on fermentation performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized on Nypa fruticans leaf sheath pieces. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2015. 53 (1): p. 96-101.

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APA Style

Purity Ngui, Dolphene Okoth, Stephen Otieno, Bowa Kwach, Patrick Kuloba, et al. (2022). Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method. Science Journal of Chemistry, 10(5), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16

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ACS Style

Purity Ngui; Dolphene Okoth; Stephen Otieno; Bowa Kwach; Patrick Kuloba, et al. Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method. Sci. J. Chem. 2022, 10(5), 177-185. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16

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AMA Style

Purity Ngui, Dolphene Okoth, Stephen Otieno, Bowa Kwach, Patrick Kuloba, et al. Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method. Sci J Chem. 2022;10(5):177-185. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16

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@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16,
  author = {Purity Ngui and Dolphene Okoth and Stephen Otieno and Bowa Kwach and Patrick Kuloba and David Onyango and Harun Ogindo and Chrispin Kowenje},
  title = {Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {177-185},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20221005.16},
  abstract = {The use of fossil fuel as a source of energy has been unsustainable and has adverse effects to the environment. Bioethanol is a suitable alternative due to its exceptional properties. Bioethanol production can be done through fermentation of sucrose in presence of a catalyst and as is customary for every production processes, the fermentation parameters such as the pH, duration of reaction, the catalyst concentration and the temperature need to be optimized. Thus, this study sought to optimize bioethanol production parameters from the sweet sorghum stalk juice. Sweet sorghum is potential multipurpose crop since it can be used as human food, animal feed, animal fodder and processed for syrup and bio-fuel. For this work, Sweet sorghum stalks were harvested 15 weeks after planting, crushed to extract the juice and the juice fermented in presence of biocatalyst (Saccharymyes ceresiae). A 44 Factorial design in Minitab 17 software was used to design the experimental runs. Thereafter, response surface method (SRM) and contour plots were used to determine the best operating conditions among the applied factorial combination of parameters. It was concluded that the optimal catalyst concentration was 1.5 ± 0.5 g/l, duration of reaction was 55.25 ± 3.25 hrs., pH was 5.0 ± 0.25 and the temperature was 40 ± 1.0 degrees Celsius. The chemical composition of the produced bioethanol indicated that it is a good substitute for combustion engine fuel. Thus, the bioethanol has the potential to replace the fossil gasoline as a fuel hence being friendlier to the environment.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method
AU  - Purity Ngui
AU  - Dolphene Okoth
AU  - Stephen Otieno
AU  - Bowa Kwach
AU  - Patrick Kuloba
AU  - David Onyango
AU  - Harun Ogindo
AU  - Chrispin Kowenje
Y1  - 2022/10/30
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 177
EP  - 185
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16
AB  - The use of fossil fuel as a source of energy has been unsustainable and has adverse effects to the environment. Bioethanol is a suitable alternative due to its exceptional properties. Bioethanol production can be done through fermentation of sucrose in presence of a catalyst and as is customary for every production processes, the fermentation parameters such as the pH, duration of reaction, the catalyst concentration and the temperature need to be optimized. Thus, this study sought to optimize bioethanol production parameters from the sweet sorghum stalk juice. Sweet sorghum is potential multipurpose crop since it can be used as human food, animal feed, animal fodder and processed for syrup and bio-fuel. For this work, Sweet sorghum stalks were harvested 15 weeks after planting, crushed to extract the juice and the juice fermented in presence of biocatalyst (Saccharymyes ceresiae). A 44 Factorial design in Minitab 17 software was used to design the experimental runs. Thereafter, response surface method (SRM) and contour plots were used to determine the best operating conditions among the applied factorial combination of parameters. It was concluded that the optimal catalyst concentration was 1.5 ± 0.5 g/l, duration of reaction was 55.25 ± 3.25 hrs., pH was 5.0 ± 0.25 and the temperature was 40 ± 1.0 degrees Celsius. The chemical composition of the produced bioethanol indicated that it is a good substitute for combustion engine fuel. Thus, the bioethanol has the potential to replace the fossil gasoline as a fuel hence being friendlier to the environment.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Purity Ngui

Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Dolphene Okoth

Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Stephen Otieno

Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Bowa Kwach

Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Patrick Kuloba

Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
David Onyango

Department of Zoology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Harun Ogindo

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Chrispin Kowenje

Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya

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APA Style

Purity Ngui, Dolphene Okoth, Stephen Otieno, Bowa Kwach, Patrick Kuloba, et al. (2022). Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method. Science Journal of Chemistry, 10(5), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16

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ACS Style

Purity Ngui; Dolphene Okoth; Stephen Otieno; Bowa Kwach; Patrick Kuloba, et al. Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method. Sci. J. Chem. 2022, 10(5), 177-185. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16

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AMA Style

Purity Ngui, Dolphene Okoth, Stephen Otieno, Bowa Kwach, Patrick Kuloba, et al. Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method. Sci J Chem. 2022;10(5):177-185. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16

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@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16,
  author = {Purity Ngui and Dolphene Okoth and Stephen Otieno and Bowa Kwach and Patrick Kuloba and David Onyango and Harun Ogindo and Chrispin Kowenje},
  title = {Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {177-185},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20221005.16},
  abstract = {The use of fossil fuel as a source of energy has been unsustainable and has adverse effects to the environment. Bioethanol is a suitable alternative due to its exceptional properties. Bioethanol production can be done through fermentation of sucrose in presence of a catalyst and as is customary for every production processes, the fermentation parameters such as the pH, duration of reaction, the catalyst concentration and the temperature need to be optimized. Thus, this study sought to optimize bioethanol production parameters from the sweet sorghum stalk juice. Sweet sorghum is potential multipurpose crop since it can be used as human food, animal feed, animal fodder and processed for syrup and bio-fuel. For this work, Sweet sorghum stalks were harvested 15 weeks after planting, crushed to extract the juice and the juice fermented in presence of biocatalyst (Saccharymyes ceresiae). A 44 Factorial design in Minitab 17 software was used to design the experimental runs. Thereafter, response surface method (SRM) and contour plots were used to determine the best operating conditions among the applied factorial combination of parameters. It was concluded that the optimal catalyst concentration was 1.5 ± 0.5 g/l, duration of reaction was 55.25 ± 3.25 hrs., pH was 5.0 ± 0.25 and the temperature was 40 ± 1.0 degrees Celsius. The chemical composition of the produced bioethanol indicated that it is a good substitute for combustion engine fuel. Thus, the bioethanol has the potential to replace the fossil gasoline as a fuel hence being friendlier to the environment.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) Juice Using Response Surface Method
AU  - Purity Ngui
AU  - Dolphene Okoth
AU  - Stephen Otieno
AU  - Bowa Kwach
AU  - Patrick Kuloba
AU  - David Onyango
AU  - Harun Ogindo
AU  - Chrispin Kowenje
Y1  - 2022/10/30
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 177
EP  - 185
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221005.16
AB  - The use of fossil fuel as a source of energy has been unsustainable and has adverse effects to the environment. Bioethanol is a suitable alternative due to its exceptional properties. Bioethanol production can be done through fermentation of sucrose in presence of a catalyst and as is customary for every production processes, the fermentation parameters such as the pH, duration of reaction, the catalyst concentration and the temperature need to be optimized. Thus, this study sought to optimize bioethanol production parameters from the sweet sorghum stalk juice. Sweet sorghum is potential multipurpose crop since it can be used as human food, animal feed, animal fodder and processed for syrup and bio-fuel. For this work, Sweet sorghum stalks were harvested 15 weeks after planting, crushed to extract the juice and the juice fermented in presence of biocatalyst (Saccharymyes ceresiae). A 44 Factorial design in Minitab 17 software was used to design the experimental runs. Thereafter, response surface method (SRM) and contour plots were used to determine the best operating conditions among the applied factorial combination of parameters. It was concluded that the optimal catalyst concentration was 1.5 ± 0.5 g/l, duration of reaction was 55.25 ± 3.25 hrs., pH was 5.0 ± 0.25 and the temperature was 40 ± 1.0 degrees Celsius. The chemical composition of the produced bioethanol indicated that it is a good substitute for combustion engine fuel. Thus, the bioethanol has the potential to replace the fossil gasoline as a fuel hence being friendlier to the environment.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

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