Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche; Ogala Harrison; Ojie Sheila Michael; Ebiye Adipere; Adah Maria Ene; Chidozie Ekene; Danjuma Basirat

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13

Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche, Ogala Harrison, Ojie Sheila Michael, Ebiye Adipere, Adah Maria Ene, Chidozie Ekene, Danjuma Basirat

Published in Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 18 August 2022 Accepted: 6 September 2022 Published: 8 December 2022

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Abstract

Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. It is one of the leading cause of some death in some part of African country and Nigeria. People are infected during routine agricultural, domestic, occupational, and recreational activities, which expose them to infested water. One hundred randomly selected patients attending Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, using the recommended sample clean universal bottle and a bio-data form was given to each of the patient. Routine examination of urine for Schistosoma haematobium was done according to Monica Cheesbrough, (2000) and was used to examine to determine the occurrences and prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium. The infection rate varied with age reaching the peak among 20-39yrs, males with an infection rate 9 (2.8%) were significantly more infected than females, with an infection rate of 1 (3.3%). Haematuria was more prevalent among males with an infection rate of 2 (4%) as opposed to 0 (0%) in females. Those engage in either farming or fishing activities had the highest prevalence. It is seen that people living in riverine area are the most affected with Schistosomiasis and the study reveals that knowledge about the cause, transmission, symptoms and prevention of urinary Schistosomiasis is inadequate. This could be a challenging obstacle to the elimination of Schistosomiasis. Mass chemotherapy should be emphasized and those living in revering area are advice to properly treat water and try to eradicate snails which serve as vector for Schistosoma haematobium. Total eradication of snail minimized the spread or transmission of Schistosoma haematobium. Treatment for those infected will help to solve the problems because it is socio-economic impact, World Health Organization is introducing vaccine against this Schistosomiasis, it will go a long way to prevent the community against the disease.

Published in	Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13
Page(s)	85-88
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prevalence, Schistosoma Haematobium, Patients, Heamaturia, Fishing

References

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[7]	Pukuma MS, Musa SP. Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among residents of Waduku in Lamurde Local Government area, Adamawa state Nigeria. Nigerian. Journal of Parasitology. 2007; 28 (2): 65-68.
[8]	Cowper SG. Schistosomiasis in Nigeria. Annuals of Tropical Medicine and parasitology. 1963; 37: 307-22.
[9]	Schistosomiasis control initiative (SCI) [homepage on the internet]. Schistosomiasis high Risks groups; 2007. (Retrieve on June 14th 2007).
[10]	Grimes JET, Croll D, Harrison WE, Utzinger J, Freeman MC, Templeton MR. The relationship between Water, Sanitation and Schistosomiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2014; 8 (12): e3296.
[11]	U. S. Ugbomoiko, I. E. Ofoezie, I. C. Okoye, and J. Heukelbach, “Factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis in two periurban communities in south-western Nigeria,” Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 409–419, 2010.
[12]	Oliveira G, Rodringues NB, Romamha AJ, Bahia D. Genome and genamics of Schistosomes. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2004; 82 (2): 375-90.
[13]	Ayele B, Erko B, Legesse M, Hailu A, Medhin G. Evaluation of Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) strip for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in Hassoba school children, Afar, Ethiopia. Parasite. 2008; 15: 69–75.
[14]	Ismail HAH, Sung-Tae H, Azza T. E. Bashir B, Randa M. Abd Elgadir H, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis among school children in the White Nile River basin, Sudan. Parasites & Vectors; 2014.
[15]	Clements ACA. Firth S, Dembele R, Garba A, Toure S, Sacko M, Landoure A, Bosque-Oliva E, Barnett AG, Brooker S, Fenwick A. Use of bayesian geostatistical prediction to estimate local variations in Schistosoma haematobium infection in western Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 2009; 87: 921–929.
[16]	WHO (2002). Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis. WHO Technical Report Series 912, Geneva.
[17]	WHO (2006). Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasi, Geneva.

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Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche, Ogala Harrison, Ojie Sheila Michael, Ebiye Adipere, Adah Maria Ene, et al. (2022). Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(4), 85-88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13

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Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche; Ogala Harrison; Ojie Sheila Michael; Ebiye Adipere; Adah Maria Ene, et al. Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(4), 85-88. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13

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Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche, Ogala Harrison, Ojie Sheila Michael, Ebiye Adipere, Adah Maria Ene, et al. Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Sci J Clin Med. 2022;11(4):85-88. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13

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@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13,
  author = {Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche and Ogala Harrison and Ojie Sheila Michael and Ebiye Adipere and Adah Maria Ene and Chidozie Ekene and Danjuma Basirat},
  title = {Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {85-88},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20221104.13},
  abstract = {Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. It is one of the leading cause of some death in some part of African country and Nigeria. People are infected during routine agricultural, domestic, occupational, and recreational activities, which expose them to infested water. One hundred randomly selected patients attending Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, using the recommended sample clean universal bottle and a bio-data form was given to each of the patient. Routine examination of urine for Schistosoma haematobium was done according to Monica Cheesbrough, (2000) and was used to examine to determine the occurrences and prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium. The infection rate varied with age reaching the peak among 20-39yrs, males with an infection rate 9 (2.8%) were significantly more infected than females, with an infection rate of 1 (3.3%). Haematuria was more prevalent among males with an infection rate of 2 (4%) as opposed to 0 (0%) in females. Those engage in either farming or fishing activities had the highest prevalence. It is seen that people living in riverine area are the most affected with Schistosomiasis and the study reveals that knowledge about the cause, transmission, symptoms and prevention of urinary Schistosomiasis is inadequate. This could be a challenging obstacle to the elimination of Schistosomiasis. Mass chemotherapy should be emphasized and those living in revering area are advice to properly treat water and try to eradicate snails which serve as vector for Schistosoma haematobium. Total eradication of snail minimized the spread or transmission of Schistosoma haematobium. Treatment for those infected will help to solve the problems because it is socio-economic impact, World Health Organization is introducing vaccine against this Schistosomiasis, it will go a long way to prevent the community against the disease.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
AU  - Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche
AU  - Ogala Harrison
AU  - Ojie Sheila Michael
AU  - Ebiye Adipere
AU  - Adah Maria Ene
AU  - Chidozie Ekene
AU  - Danjuma Basirat
Y1  - 2022/12/08
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 85
EP  - 88
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13
AB  - Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. It is one of the leading cause of some death in some part of African country and Nigeria. People are infected during routine agricultural, domestic, occupational, and recreational activities, which expose them to infested water. One hundred randomly selected patients attending Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, using the recommended sample clean universal bottle and a bio-data form was given to each of the patient. Routine examination of urine for Schistosoma haematobium was done according to Monica Cheesbrough, (2000) and was used to examine to determine the occurrences and prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium. The infection rate varied with age reaching the peak among 20-39yrs, males with an infection rate 9 (2.8%) were significantly more infected than females, with an infection rate of 1 (3.3%). Haematuria was more prevalent among males with an infection rate of 2 (4%) as opposed to 0 (0%) in females. Those engage in either farming or fishing activities had the highest prevalence. It is seen that people living in riverine area are the most affected with Schistosomiasis and the study reveals that knowledge about the cause, transmission, symptoms and prevention of urinary Schistosomiasis is inadequate. This could be a challenging obstacle to the elimination of Schistosomiasis. Mass chemotherapy should be emphasized and those living in revering area are advice to properly treat water and try to eradicate snails which serve as vector for Schistosoma haematobium. Total eradication of snail minimized the spread or transmission of Schistosoma haematobium. Treatment for those infected will help to solve the problems because it is socio-economic impact, World Health Organization is introducing vaccine against this Schistosomiasis, it will go a long way to prevent the community against the disease.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche

Department of Biology and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Nigeria
Ogala Harrison

Department of Biology and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Nigeria
Ojie Sheila Michael

Department of Biology and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Nigeria
Ebiye Adipere

Department of Biology and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Nigeria
Adah Maria Ene

Department of Biology and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Nigeria
Chidozie Ekene

Department of Biology and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Nigeria
Danjuma Basirat

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria

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APA Style

Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche, Ogala Harrison, Ojie Sheila Michael, Ebiye Adipere, Adah Maria Ene, et al. (2022). Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(4), 85-88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13

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ACS Style

Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche; Ogala Harrison; Ojie Sheila Michael; Ebiye Adipere; Adah Maria Ene, et al. Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(4), 85-88. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13

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AMA Style

Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche, Ogala Harrison, Ojie Sheila Michael, Ebiye Adipere, Adah Maria Ene, et al. Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Sci J Clin Med. 2022;11(4):85-88. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13

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@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13,
  author = {Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche and Ogala Harrison and Ojie Sheila Michael and Ebiye Adipere and Adah Maria Ene and Chidozie Ekene and Danjuma Basirat},
  title = {Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {85-88},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20221104.13},
  abstract = {Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. It is one of the leading cause of some death in some part of African country and Nigeria. People are infected during routine agricultural, domestic, occupational, and recreational activities, which expose them to infested water. One hundred randomly selected patients attending Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, using the recommended sample clean universal bottle and a bio-data form was given to each of the patient. Routine examination of urine for Schistosoma haematobium was done according to Monica Cheesbrough, (2000) and was used to examine to determine the occurrences and prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium. The infection rate varied with age reaching the peak among 20-39yrs, males with an infection rate 9 (2.8%) were significantly more infected than females, with an infection rate of 1 (3.3%). Haematuria was more prevalent among males with an infection rate of 2 (4%) as opposed to 0 (0%) in females. Those engage in either farming or fishing activities had the highest prevalence. It is seen that people living in riverine area are the most affected with Schistosomiasis and the study reveals that knowledge about the cause, transmission, symptoms and prevention of urinary Schistosomiasis is inadequate. This could be a challenging obstacle to the elimination of Schistosomiasis. Mass chemotherapy should be emphasized and those living in revering area are advice to properly treat water and try to eradicate snails which serve as vector for Schistosoma haematobium. Total eradication of snail minimized the spread or transmission of Schistosoma haematobium. Treatment for those infected will help to solve the problems because it is socio-economic impact, World Health Organization is introducing vaccine against this Schistosomiasis, it will go a long way to prevent the community against the disease.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
AU  - Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche
AU  - Ogala Harrison
AU  - Ojie Sheila Michael
AU  - Ebiye Adipere
AU  - Adah Maria Ene
AU  - Chidozie Ekene
AU  - Danjuma Basirat
Y1  - 2022/12/08
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 85
EP  - 88
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221104.13
AB  - Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. It is one of the leading cause of some death in some part of African country and Nigeria. People are infected during routine agricultural, domestic, occupational, and recreational activities, which expose them to infested water. One hundred randomly selected patients attending Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, using the recommended sample clean universal bottle and a bio-data form was given to each of the patient. Routine examination of urine for Schistosoma haematobium was done according to Monica Cheesbrough, (2000) and was used to examine to determine the occurrences and prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium. The infection rate varied with age reaching the peak among 20-39yrs, males with an infection rate 9 (2.8%) were significantly more infected than females, with an infection rate of 1 (3.3%). Haematuria was more prevalent among males with an infection rate of 2 (4%) as opposed to 0 (0%) in females. Those engage in either farming or fishing activities had the highest prevalence. It is seen that people living in riverine area are the most affected with Schistosomiasis and the study reveals that knowledge about the cause, transmission, symptoms and prevention of urinary Schistosomiasis is inadequate. This could be a challenging obstacle to the elimination of Schistosomiasis. Mass chemotherapy should be emphasized and those living in revering area are advice to properly treat water and try to eradicate snails which serve as vector for Schistosoma haematobium. Total eradication of snail minimized the spread or transmission of Schistosoma haematobium. Treatment for those infected will help to solve the problems because it is socio-economic impact, World Health Organization is introducing vaccine against this Schistosomiasis, it will go a long way to prevent the community against the disease.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download