Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030

Aigbogun Ighodaro Edwin; Ojeifo Stephenson Babatunde; Eguasa Owen Driscoe; Onwuka Chima; Warizi-Atebor Armstrong Hamisu; Ogiemudia Terry Osariemen; Adegbemileke Faith Osarhemen; Eddichukwu Ndubisi Rodericks; Blessing Ibhadode Ngozika; Yusuf Nana-Fatima

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13

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Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030

Aigbogun Ighodaro Edwin^*

, Ojeifo Stephenson Babatunde

, Eguasa Owen Driscoe

, Onwuka Chima

, Warizi-Atebor Armstrong Hamisu

, Ogiemudia Terry Osariemen

, Adegbemileke Faith Osarhemen

, Eddichukwu Ndubisi Rodericks

, Blessing Ibhadode Ngozika

, Yusuf Nana-Fatima

Published in World Journal of Public Health (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 1 April 2025 Accepted: 17 April 2025 Published: 14 May 2025

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Abstract

The burden of HIV around the world especially in developing countries in West Africa is heavy, with a prevalence of 1.4% in Nigeria. The degree of new HIV infection among people in Nigeria should be exponential since the NAIIS survey that was conducted in 2018. This is one of the reason USAID intensified the 95:95:95 target to ensure that 95% of the population knows their status by screening for HIV, 95% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are linked to treatment and remain on treatment while maintaining 95% viral suppression. To achieve this target, HTS, which covers the first 95% target needs to be understood because, every other 95 goal is dependent on it. Apart from initiation of treatment for HIV positive clients after testing, HTS also have other outcome for clients whose HIV result is negative which can be categorized as preventive services, which is usually offered at the point of care. Healthcare workers and other relevant stakeholders in the HIV eco space needs a full grasp of this important first 95 to ensure proper viral load suppression and reduction of new infections. Hence, this synoptic review focuses on an overview of HTS as the road map to achieve and sustain the USAID goal for 2030 which include stakeholder collaboration, community engagement and outreaches, training of community testers, Index Case Testing, health promotion, embrace research breakthroughs, among others which are elicited in this paper.

Published in	World Journal of Public Health (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13
Page(s)	101-105
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HTS, HIV, GoN, NASCP, SASCP, HFs, HCWs

References

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[2]	Mabuto, T., Hansoti, B., Kerrigan, D., Mshweshwe‐Pakela, N., Kubeka, G., Charalambous, S., and Hoffmann, C. (2019). HIV testing services in healthcare facilities in South Africa: a missed opportunity. African Journal of Reproduction and Gynaecological Endoscopy, 22(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25367
[3]	World Health Organization. (2015). Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services: 5Cs: consent, confidentiality, counselling, correct results and connection 2015. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/179870
[4]	Sulat, J. S., Prabandari, Y. S., Sanusi, R., Hapsari, E. D., and Santoso, B. (2018). The impacts of community-based HIV testing and counselling on testing uptake: A systematic review. Journal of Health Research, 32(2), 152-163. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhr-01-2018-015
[5]	Delva, W., Mutunga, L., Quaghebeur, A., and Temmerman, M. (2006). Quality and quantity of antenatal HIV counselling in a PMTCT programme in Mombasa, Kenya. AIDS care, 18(3), 189-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120500456425
[6]	Katbi, M., Adegboye, A., Adedoyin, A., Yunusa, F., Kayode, G., Bello, M., and Dakum, P. (2018). Effect of clients Strategic Index Case Testing on community-based detection of HIV infections (STRICT study). International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 74, 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.06.018
[7]	Krakower, D. S., Jain, S., and Mayer, K. H. (2015). Antiretrovirals for primary HIV prevention: the current status of pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis. Current Hiv/Aids Reports, 12, 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-014-0253-5
[8]	Cresswell, F., Asanati, K., Bhagani, S., Boffito, M., Delpech, V., Ellis, J. and Gupta, N. (2022). UK guideline for the use of HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis 2021. HIV medicine, 23(5), 494-545. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13208
[9]	DeHaan, E., McGowan, J. P., Fine, S. M., Vail, R., Merrick, S. T., Radix, A., and Gonzalez, C. J. (2020). PEP to prevent HIV infection. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562734/
[10]	Roy, M., Bolton Moore, C., Sikazwe, I., and Holmes, C. B. (2019). A review of differentiated service delivery for HIV treatment: effectiveness, mechanisms, targeting, and scale. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 16, 324-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00454-5

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APA Style

Edwin, A. I., Babatunde, O. S., Driscoe, E. O., Chima, O., Hamisu, W. A., et al. (2025). Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030. World Journal of Public Health, 10(2), 101-105. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13

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ACS Style

Edwin, A. I.; Babatunde, O. S.; Driscoe, E. O.; Chima, O.; Hamisu, W. A., et al. Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030. World J. Public Health 2025, 10(2), 101-105. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13

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AMA Style

Edwin AI, Babatunde OS, Driscoe EO, Chima O, Hamisu WA, et al. Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030. World J Public Health. 2025;10(2):101-105. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13

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@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13,
  author = {Aigbogun Ighodaro Edwin and Ojeifo Stephenson Babatunde and Eguasa Owen Driscoe and Onwuka Chima and Warizi-Atebor Armstrong Hamisu and Ogiemudia Terry Osariemen and Adegbemileke Faith Osarhemen and Eddichukwu Ndubisi Rodericks and Blessing Ibhadode Ngozika and Yusuf Nana-Fatima},
  title = {Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030
},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {101-105},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20251002.13},
  abstract = {The burden of HIV around the world especially in developing countries in West Africa is heavy, with a prevalence of 1.4% in Nigeria. The degree of new HIV infection among people in Nigeria should be exponential since the NAIIS survey that was conducted in 2018. This is one of the reason USAID intensified the 95:95:95 target to ensure that 95% of the population knows their status by screening for HIV, 95% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are linked to treatment and remain on treatment while maintaining 95% viral suppression. To achieve this target, HTS, which covers the first 95% target needs to be understood because, every other 95 goal is dependent on it. Apart from initiation of treatment for HIV positive clients after testing, HTS also have other outcome for clients whose HIV result is negative which can be categorized as preventive services, which is usually offered at the point of care. Healthcare workers and other relevant stakeholders in the HIV eco space needs a full grasp of this important first 95 to ensure proper viral load suppression and reduction of new infections. Hence, this synoptic review focuses on an overview of HTS as the road map to achieve and sustain the USAID goal for 2030 which include stakeholder collaboration, community engagement and outreaches, training of community testers, Index Case Testing, health promotion, embrace research breakthroughs, among others which are elicited in this paper.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030

AU  - Aigbogun Ighodaro Edwin
AU  - Ojeifo Stephenson Babatunde
AU  - Eguasa Owen Driscoe
AU  - Onwuka Chima
AU  - Warizi-Atebor Armstrong Hamisu
AU  - Ogiemudia Terry Osariemen
AU  - Adegbemileke Faith Osarhemen
AU  - Eddichukwu Ndubisi Rodericks
AU  - Blessing Ibhadode Ngozika
AU  - Yusuf Nana-Fatima
Y1  - 2025/05/14
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13
T2  - World Journal of Public Health
JF  - World Journal of Public Health
JO  - World Journal of Public Health
SP  - 101
EP  - 105
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13
AB  - The burden of HIV around the world especially in developing countries in West Africa is heavy, with a prevalence of 1.4% in Nigeria. The degree of new HIV infection among people in Nigeria should be exponential since the NAIIS survey that was conducted in 2018. This is one of the reason USAID intensified the 95:95:95 target to ensure that 95% of the population knows their status by screening for HIV, 95% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are linked to treatment and remain on treatment while maintaining 95% viral suppression. To achieve this target, HTS, which covers the first 95% target needs to be understood because, every other 95 goal is dependent on it. Apart from initiation of treatment for HIV positive clients after testing, HTS also have other outcome for clients whose HIV result is negative which can be categorized as preventive services, which is usually offered at the point of care. Healthcare workers and other relevant stakeholders in the HIV eco space needs a full grasp of this important first 95 to ensure proper viral load suppression and reduction of new infections. Hence, this synoptic review focuses on an overview of HTS as the road map to achieve and sustain the USAID goal for 2030 which include stakeholder collaboration, community engagement and outreaches, training of community testers, Index Case Testing, health promotion, embrace research breakthroughs, among others which are elicited in this paper.

VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Aigbogun Ighodaro Edwin

Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Benin City, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4966-0475
Ojeifo Stephenson Babatunde

Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Benin City, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3746-0330
Eguasa Owen Driscoe

Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Benin City, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7306-0218
Onwuka Chima

Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Benin City, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2811-2896
Warizi-Atebor Armstrong Hamisu

Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Benin City, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7090-2963
Ogiemudia Terry Osariemen

Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Benin City, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-3456-5787
Adegbemileke Faith Osarhemen

Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Benin City, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-5312-7934
Eddichukwu Ndubisi Rodericks

HTS and Linkage Unit, Heartland Alliance Ltd/GTE, Benin City, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-8911-2938
Blessing Ibhadode Ngozika

HTS and Linkage Unit, Heartland Alliance Ltd/GTE, Benin City, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-860X
Yusuf Nana-Fatima

HTS and Linkage Unit, Heartland Alliance Ltd/GTE, Benin City, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-1534-5376

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Edwin, A. I., Babatunde, O. S., Driscoe, E. O., Chima, O., Hamisu, W. A., et al. (2025). Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030. World Journal of Public Health, 10(2), 101-105. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13

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ACS Style

Edwin, A. I.; Babatunde, O. S.; Driscoe, E. O.; Chima, O.; Hamisu, W. A., et al. Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030. World J. Public Health 2025, 10(2), 101-105. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13

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AMA Style

Edwin AI, Babatunde OS, Driscoe EO, Chima O, Hamisu WA, et al. Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030. World J Public Health. 2025;10(2):101-105. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13,
  author = {Aigbogun Ighodaro Edwin and Ojeifo Stephenson Babatunde and Eguasa Owen Driscoe and Onwuka Chima and Warizi-Atebor Armstrong Hamisu and Ogiemudia Terry Osariemen and Adegbemileke Faith Osarhemen and Eddichukwu Ndubisi Rodericks and Blessing Ibhadode Ngozika and Yusuf Nana-Fatima},
  title = {Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030
},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {101-105},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20251002.13},
  abstract = {The burden of HIV around the world especially in developing countries in West Africa is heavy, with a prevalence of 1.4% in Nigeria. The degree of new HIV infection among people in Nigeria should be exponential since the NAIIS survey that was conducted in 2018. This is one of the reason USAID intensified the 95:95:95 target to ensure that 95% of the population knows their status by screening for HIV, 95% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are linked to treatment and remain on treatment while maintaining 95% viral suppression. To achieve this target, HTS, which covers the first 95% target needs to be understood because, every other 95 goal is dependent on it. Apart from initiation of treatment for HIV positive clients after testing, HTS also have other outcome for clients whose HIV result is negative which can be categorized as preventive services, which is usually offered at the point of care. Healthcare workers and other relevant stakeholders in the HIV eco space needs a full grasp of this important first 95 to ensure proper viral load suppression and reduction of new infections. Hence, this synoptic review focuses on an overview of HTS as the road map to achieve and sustain the USAID goal for 2030 which include stakeholder collaboration, community engagement and outreaches, training of community testers, Index Case Testing, health promotion, embrace research breakthroughs, among others which are elicited in this paper.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Overview of HTS: The Road Map to Achieving and Sustaining the USAID Target for 2030

AU  - Aigbogun Ighodaro Edwin
AU  - Ojeifo Stephenson Babatunde
AU  - Eguasa Owen Driscoe
AU  - Onwuka Chima
AU  - Warizi-Atebor Armstrong Hamisu
AU  - Ogiemudia Terry Osariemen
AU  - Adegbemileke Faith Osarhemen
AU  - Eddichukwu Ndubisi Rodericks
AU  - Blessing Ibhadode Ngozika
AU  - Yusuf Nana-Fatima
Y1  - 2025/05/14
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13
T2  - World Journal of Public Health
JF  - World Journal of Public Health
JO  - World Journal of Public Health
SP  - 101
EP  - 105
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20251002.13
AB  - The burden of HIV around the world especially in developing countries in West Africa is heavy, with a prevalence of 1.4% in Nigeria. The degree of new HIV infection among people in Nigeria should be exponential since the NAIIS survey that was conducted in 2018. This is one of the reason USAID intensified the 95:95:95 target to ensure that 95% of the population knows their status by screening for HIV, 95% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are linked to treatment and remain on treatment while maintaining 95% viral suppression. To achieve this target, HTS, which covers the first 95% target needs to be understood because, every other 95 goal is dependent on it. Apart from initiation of treatment for HIV positive clients after testing, HTS also have other outcome for clients whose HIV result is negative which can be categorized as preventive services, which is usually offered at the point of care. Healthcare workers and other relevant stakeholders in the HIV eco space needs a full grasp of this important first 95 to ensure proper viral load suppression and reduction of new infections. Hence, this synoptic review focuses on an overview of HTS as the road map to achieve and sustain the USAID goal for 2030 which include stakeholder collaboration, community engagement and outreaches, training of community testers, Index Case Testing, health promotion, embrace research breakthroughs, among others which are elicited in this paper.

VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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