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Indian Agriculture During the Pandemic: Impact and Resilience
Poondla Madhurya,
Mekala Latha,
Challa Sujani Rao,
Sunkara Prathibha Sree
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
14-18
Received:
29 September 2020
Accepted:
3 November 2020
Published:
29 April 2021
Abstract: The Indian agriculture and allied sector is not an exemption in facing the unprecedented conditions occurring due to the coronavirus pandemic. But the sector is resilient enough to have a setback and show its economic prominence. Agriculture and allied sector has shown a 3.1% GDP growth during the pandemic even though the sector involves manual outdoor operations on a daily basis. The food grain output was recorded as the highest ever (295.67MT) during 2019-20. Out of the highest contributing crops, rice has shown the highest increase in production (9.27 m tons) followed by pulses and Cotton, whereas the remaining crops has shown an average increase of 3.52 million tons. In spite of the perishability of the agriculture goods, harvest is being wasted at markets, Industrial godowns and on-crop wastage has also become a serious problem due to less marketable time, poor storage techniques and workforce. On the flip side, Due to the increase of unemployment in the country the malnutrition has become much concern due to lack of purchasing power of citizens. But the farmers in the country normally have less profit margin of over 10-12% of the cost of production. As South India is the most hard hit of diseases caused due to undernutrition, The Agribusiness and agri production, supply chain systems and allied sectors should allocate properly the increased production with necessary postharvest and processing measures and increase trade opportunities for increasing value added in order to achieve nutritional security and increase profit margin of farmers and thereby to fight the effect of pandemic on people.
Abstract: The Indian agriculture and allied sector is not an exemption in facing the unprecedented conditions occurring due to the coronavirus pandemic. But the sector is resilient enough to have a setback and show its economic prominence. Agriculture and allied sector has shown a 3.1% GDP growth during the pandemic even though the sector involves manual out...
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Comparison of the Academic Performance of Students from Intact Homes and Broken Homes in Colleges of Agriculture and Related Disciplines in Plateau State, Nigeria
Michael Adejare Adegboye,
Esther Honotina Adegboye
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
19-26
Received:
22 September 2020
Accepted:
9 October 2020
Published:
20 May 2021
Abstract: College of agriculture and related disciplines have the mandate to train middle level manpower for agricultural sector making them appropriate for producing qualified extension agents. Academic performance, which has been confirmed by research to be determined among other factors by home status is the measure of the qualification in school training. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the academic performance of students from intact homes and broken homes in colleges of agriculture and related disciplines in Plateau state, Nigeria. It was discovered that 80.8% of the respondents were between the ages 18 and 26 years, both male and female were of equal percentage (50.0%) and 82.5% single. Also, 58.3% of the respondents were children from intact homes with 62.5% having sibling from different mother, 84.2% having from different father, 60.0% of their mothers were the only wife, 83.3% had their parents living together, 68.3% had fathers still alive and 88.3% had mothers still alive. Majority (67.5%) of the respondents were average and above in academic performance. However, 26.0% from broken homes had high performance against 22.9% from intact homes, 44.0% from broken homes had average against 42.9% from intact homes and 30.0% from broken homes were low compared with 34.3% from intact homes. There was a significant relationship between age (χ2 = 24.417, p = 0.000), marital status (χ2 = 135.050, p = 0.000), of the respondents and academic performance. Similarly, significant relationship existed between mother’s position among fathers’ wives (χ2 = 7.5000, p = 0.000), having siblings from different mother (χ2 = 24.417, p = 0.000), having siblings from different father (χ2 = 56.333, p = 0.000), parents living together (χ2 = 53.333, p = 0.000), fathers still alive (χ2 = 16.133, p = 0.000), mothers still alive (χ2 = 70.533, p = 0.000) of the respondents and academic performance. There is no significant relationship between respondents’ home status and academic performance (r = 0.017, p = 0.857). Also no significant difference between the academic performances of students from intact home and those from broken home (t = 0.153, p = 0.000). Most of the respondents came from intact homes and the percentages of respondents with average performance and those with high performance from broken homes were higher than those of respondents from intact homes. However, no significant difference existed between the academic performances of students from intact home and those from broken home.
Abstract: College of agriculture and related disciplines have the mandate to train middle level manpower for agricultural sector making them appropriate for producing qualified extension agents. Academic performance, which has been confirmed by research to be determined among other factors by home status is the measure of the qualification in school training...
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On-farm Validation of Bread Wheat Innovations for Supporting Extension Package Formulation in Ethiopia
Aklilu Nigussie,
Wasihun Legesse
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
27-33
Received:
18 March 2021
Accepted:
11 May 2021
Published:
10 June 2021
Abstract: Bread wheat is an important crop type in the Ethiopian production system because of its dual function both as a staple crop that improves food security and income-generating. This study had three intervention treatments on the production sector with the selected method of substantive cost-benefit analysis. The objectives of this research were; to conduct partial budget analysis of the treatments and to improve the recommendations by incorporating the benefits derived from the production process with economic constraints and opportunities for improving bread wheat production systems in Ethiopia at smallholder level. This study presents the partial budget analysis (PBA) framework for the economic analysis of different bread wheat package treatments for their benefit returns. The on-farm experiment was conducted in Hetosa and Tiyo district (Oromia regional state of Ethiopia) and Minjar Shenkora districts (Amhara regional state of Ethiopia) to assess the cost and the return of the treatments. The study investigated for costs and benefits associated with adaptation approaches employed by the farmers on farm packages expressing in monetary term and identify the most effective and economic options based on general information and responses on station and trials with the necessary agronomic practices. Findings from this study shows that the packages tested for the two sample districts varies accordingly; in Oromia regional, state the average grain yield for ATA, Extension and New research package was found 5070, 4830 and 4130 kg per hectare while for Amhara regional state 3870, 4330 and 5000 kg per hectare. The thousands of kernel weight was 36.2, 34.7 and 39.3 for Oromia while 34.6, 38.7 and 33.1 grams. The hectoliter weight was found 69.7, 69.9 and 70.3 in Oromia while it was 77.7, 79.3 and 79.2 in Amhara. The average benefit cost ratio was 1.41, 1.34 and 1.20 for Oromia whereas 1.83, 1.45 and 1.97 in Amhara. This states that the ATA package had a good return in Oromia while new research package had 1.97 returns for 1 Birr invested in bread wheat production in Amhara. The net revenue in Oromia samples per hectare had 16,615.20 ($604.8), 16,602.67 ($604.4), and 8,518.33 ($310.1); whereas 15,413.73 ($561.1), 24,027.20 ($874.8), and 31,656.87 ($1,152.4) Eth.Birr per hectare in Amhara regional state. With the exchange rate of 1 USD=27.47 Eth.Birr. In Amhara the new research package has a worth net return while in the Oromia ATA package had a worth net return as compared to other package treatments.
Abstract: Bread wheat is an important crop type in the Ethiopian production system because of its dual function both as a staple crop that improves food security and income-generating. This study had three intervention treatments on the production sector with the selected method of substantive cost-benefit analysis. The objectives of this research were; to c...
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Consistency of Frictional Temperature and Wear on Indicating the Critical Thickness for Disc Brake Replacement by Finite Element Model
Eric Amoah Asante,
Michael Adusei-Bonsu,
Randy Amuaku,
Edward Ampaw
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
34-42
Received:
14 May 2021
Accepted:
4 June 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: Reduced thickness reduces the heat dissipation capacity of the brake disc and its mechanical strength, triggering a series of critical faults and failures. To determine the critical thickness for disc replacement, a transient analysis for contact problem of disc brakes with frictional heat was performed using finite element method. To analyze the effect of disc thickness on the frictional heat generation, different brake disc models were developed with disc thicknesses of 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.5 mm, 7.0 mm, 7.5 mm and 8.0 mm. Subsequently, the developed disc models were evaluated under 2210 N, 2875 N and 3538 N braking forces and 884 rpm, 1149 rpm and 1415 rpm rotational speed of the disc. The numerical simulation for the thermoelastic behavior of disk brake was obtained in the repeated brake condition by Finite Element Analysis package of SolidWorks. The results showed that increasing the braking force from 2210 N to 2875 N, 2875 N to 3538 N and 2210 N to 3538 N resulted in 28.45%, 33.62% and 52.5% deformations respectively. Subsequently, increasing the rotational speed of the disc from 884 rpm to 1149 rpm, 1149 rpm to 1415 rpm and 884 rpm to 1415 rpm resulted in 69.57%, 17.23% and 74.8% deformations respectively. Though, the differences in successive forces is the same, the percentage deformation was not the same but rather a decline in the increase. In the case of the ultimate stress, the application of 884 rpm, 1149 rpm and 1415 rpm speeds at the same braking force of 2210 N yielded 1.327 x 1011 N/m2, 2.069 x 1011 N/m2 and 2.072 x 1011 N/m2 ultimate stresses respectively. Increasing the rotational speed of the brake disc from 884 rpm to 1149 rpm and 1149 rpm to 1415 rpm resulted in 35.86% and 0.14% ultimate stress respectively. The overall results have shown that, under the same condition of treatment; effect of braking force > effect disc rotational speed > effect of disc thickness. There was a sharp drop in temperature at all the radii points where readings were taken and this could be due to initial heat transfer from the disc to the pad just at contact. The minimum thickness for optimal heat and wear reduction 6.7 mm. The present study can provide a useful design tool and improve the brake performance of disk brake system.
Abstract: Reduced thickness reduces the heat dissipation capacity of the brake disc and its mechanical strength, triggering a series of critical faults and failures. To determine the critical thickness for disc replacement, a transient analysis for contact problem of disc brakes with frictional heat was performed using finite element method. To analyze the e...
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