Research Article
Antibody Responses Against Proteins of Different Molecular Weight Following Inoculation of Formalin Inactivated Acinetobacter baumannii in Mice
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-8
Received:
3 March 2025
Accepted:
18 March 2025
Published:
31 March 2025
Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most significant threats to global public health with a seemingly limitless capacity for antimicrobial resistance. Developing preventive vaccines to combat these pathogens can provide long-term protective immunity. This study was conducted to evaluate the specific protein against which the protective antibody is produced in serum and splenic cell culture supernatant after vaccination in mice. The vaccine used was a formaldehyde-inactivated whole-cell vaccine against multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii. MDR A. baumannii, isolated from different samples, used in formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine and inoculated intradermally in experimental mice. Serum was collected from tail blood on days 13, 27 and 41 following 1st immunization. Two weeks after 3rd immunization, mice were challenged with live A. baumannii intraperitoneally and observed for 14 days. Sera from tail blood and mouse spleens were collected. MDR A. baumannii antigen was sonicated and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis was performed. Protective antibodies that bind with antigens in serum and culture supernatant were evaluated by ELISA. Survival rates were observed to be 100% at 14 days post-challenge among the immunized mice. Serum from pre- and post-challenge immunizations showed considerably greater optical density (OD) values of IgG than control mice. Although antibodies are developed against several antigens of different molecular weights, the protein fraction of 30-40 kDa showed a higher OD value. Formalin-inactivated intradermal immunization with MDR A. baumannii produced protective antibodies in mice against proteins of specific molecular weights. Proteins of 30-40 kDa molecular weights could be used as vaccine candidates to prevent A. baumannii infection.
Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most significant threats to global public health with a seemingly limitless capacity for antimicrobial resistance. Developing preventive vaccines to combat these pathogens can provide long-term protective immunity. This study was conducted to evaluate the specific protein against which the protective antibody i...
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Review Article
De novo Thymus Reconstitution: The Rising of Cell-based Strategies
Yunpeng Wei
,
Yong Zhao*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
9-22
Received:
10 February 2025
Accepted:
6 March 2025
Published:
10 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.iji.20251301.12
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Abstract: The thymus plays a crucial role in the generation of functional T cells, which are essential in adaptive immune responses. However, the involution, dysfunction, and even absence of the thymus induced by various factors such as aging, heredity, tumor, infection, and surgical removal, greatly impair or completely deprive the normal functions of the thymus and has been threatening the health of countless patients. Thus, reconstituting the thymus in these patients is remarkably necessary and urgent, in which thymus transplantation is viable, but the rare donors and related complications dramatically limit its clinical application. Other exogenous regeneration therapies, like sex steroid inhibition and cytokines treatments, usually have nonspecific, limited, and transient outcomes. By comparison, de novo cell-based strategies to reconstitute the thymus may be more feasible, which can generate fully functional thymuses usually using autologous cells without the dependence on limited thymus donors, thus avoiding transplant donor shortage as well as related complications, and overcome the defects of exogenous regeneration therapies. In this review, we summarized the progression in this field, including the generation of functional thymic epithelial cells (TECs), the clonogenic culture of TECs, stem cell treatment, and the construction of thymic organoids, to provide a global perspective for cell-based de novo thymus reconstitution.
Abstract: The thymus plays a crucial role in the generation of functional T cells, which are essential in adaptive immune responses. However, the involution, dysfunction, and even absence of the thymus induced by various factors such as aging, heredity, tumor, infection, and surgical removal, greatly impair or completely deprive the normal functions of the t...
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