Synthesis of N'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide: Spectroscopic Characterization and X-ray Structure Determination
Alioune Fall,
Mohamedou El Boukhary,
Thierno Mousa Seck,
Farba Bouyagui Tamboura,
Ibrahima Elhadj Thiam,
Aliou Hamady Barry,
Mohamed Gaye,
Javier Ellena
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
43-48
Received:
11 April 2023
Accepted:
27 April 2023
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: p-Toluic hydrazide was used for synthetizing a new Schiff base N'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide (I). The prepared compound was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques, and the structure of compound (I) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound (C15H14N2O3) crystallises in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the following unit cell parameters: a = 11.7820 (6) Å, b = 8.5278 (4) Å, c = 13.6054 (7) Å, β = 109.346 (5)°, V = 1289.81 (12) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.071 and wR2 = 0.197. The X-ray structure shows that the compound (I) adopts an E configuration with respect to the double bond C7=N1. The carbonyl oxygen atom O3 and the nitrogen atom N1 of the hydrazide moiety are in a syn conformation with respect to C8—N2 bond. The crystal packing of compound (I) is stabilized by intramolecular O(phenol)–H•••N(carbohydrazide) which results in an S(6) ring motif and intermolecular O(phenol)–H•••O(carbohydrazide) hydrogen bonds which form chains. The carbonohydrazide moiety C=N–N–C(O)–N–N=C fragment is almost coplanar with the two benzene rings with dihedral angles of their mean planes of 10.35° [C1—C6] and 7.99° [C9—C14], respectively. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the phenyl rings is 2.46°.
Abstract: p-Toluic hydrazide was used for synthetizing a new Schiff base N'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide (I). The prepared compound was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques, and the structure of compound (I) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound (C15H14N...
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Response of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates in Omo Nada District of Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Mohammed Kedir,
Gebreslassie Hailu,
Bikila Takala
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
49-54
Received:
8 May 2023
Accepted:
19 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: Soil fertility is one of the major production constraints in Ethiopia. The deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus is the main factor that severely reduces the yield of sorghum. As a result, a field experiment was carried out at Omo Nada in 2015/2016 during the cropping season to evaluate the response of various levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer using sorghum. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four rates each of N (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg N ha-1) and P (0, 11.5, 23, and 34.5 kg ha-1 P2O5) laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. For data analysis, the correlation coefficient and ANOVA were used. The result showed that the yield and yield components of the sorghum crop were a highly significant response to the impacts of inorganic N-P fertilizer nutrients. Parameters such as plant height, head weight, grain yield, biomass yield, stover yield, and harvest index were statistically significantly different for nitrogen and phosphorus at different fertilizer rates. In addition, highly significant and positive correlations of grain yield with yield components were observed, especially for plant height (r=0.57**), head weight (r=0.85***), biomass yield (r=0.89***), and stover yield (r=0.75***). This result revealed that the maximum value of grain yield (3916.7 kg ha-1) was obtained from 69/11.5 kg ha-1 NP fertilizer, while the minimum value of grain yield (2286.2 kg ha-1) was obtained from the control. Compared to the control treatment, the highest rate of N/P (69/11.5 kg ha-1) increased sorghum grain yield by nearly 71.32%. It is concluded that nitrogen and phosphorus at the rates of 69 kg ha-1 N and 11.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 have the best performance in obtaining the maximum grain yield of the sorghum crop. Therefore, the application of 69/11.5 N P kg ha-1 fertilizer rate was recommended for better sorghum production and economic return in Nitisols of Omo Nada district southwestern Ethiopia.
Abstract: Soil fertility is one of the major production constraints in Ethiopia. The deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus is the main factor that severely reduces the yield of sorghum. As a result, a field experiment was carried out at Omo Nada in 2015/2016 during the cropping season to evaluate the response of various levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus ...
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