Using Modified Activated Carbon to Remove Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B from Wastewater
N’guessan Louis Berenger Kouassi,
Abollé Abollé,
Adjoumani Rodrigue Kouakou,
Victor Gogbe,
Albert Trokourey
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
30-40
Received:
29 May 2023
Accepted:
5 July 2023
Published:
22 August 2023
Abstract: Water contamination by dyes is a worldwide problem. There is, however, limited information on the adsorption of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) by activated carbon modified by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This study aimed to remove MB and RhB from industrial effluent by palm kernel shell modified activated carbon. The specific surface area (SL), and the zero charge pH (pHpzc) for unmodified activated carbon (AC) and modified activated carbon (AC-EDTA) were determined. The AC and AC-EDTA were also characterized by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the synthetic solutions and real effluents, the batch experiments were used to evaluate the MB and RhB adsorption capabilities by AC and AC-EDTA. The pHpzc values were 5.4 and 4.1 for AC, and AC-EDTA, respectively. The specific surface areas were found to be 756 m2/g and 538 m2/g for AC and AC-EDTA, respectively. The FTIR results indicated that C-N, N-H, and C=O functional groups were introduced onto the surface of activated carbon after in situ EDTA modification. The degree of graphitization (R) values were 0.63 and 0.78 for AC and AC-EDTA, respectively. The study indicated that the second-order and Langmuir models best fitted MB and RhB adsorption. In the synthetic solution, methylene blue maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) were 5.5 mg/g and 7.40 mg/g for AC, and AC-EDTA, respectively. Rhodamine B’s maximum adsorption capacities were 3.82 mg/g, and 7.11 mg/g for AC, and AC-EDTA, respectively. In the industrial effluent, the methylene blue removals percentages by AC and AC-EDTA were 59.83% and 79.98%, respectively. Those of rhodamine B were 12.9% and 58.71%, respectively for AC and AC-EDTA. Thus, the MB and RhB adsorption capacities were enhanced by AC-EDTA.
Abstract: Water contamination by dyes is a worldwide problem. There is, however, limited information on the adsorption of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) by activated carbon modified by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This study aimed to remove MB and RhB from industrial effluent by palm kernel shell modified activated carbon. The specific ...
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Research Article
Physico-Chemical and FTIR Studies on Tri-ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether in Water Using Density Functional Theory
Rakesh Kumar Bhardwaj*,
Anamika,
Ravi Kumar Rana,
Geetika Sharma
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
41-47
Received:
8 October 2023
Accepted:
31 October 2023
Published:
17 November 2023
Abstract: The impact of simultaneous presence of ethereal oxygen (–O–) and alcoholic (OH) groups on the excess thermodynamic properties and the corresponding behaviour of alkoxy alkanol in binary mixtures has great relevance in understanding the nature of interactions patterns among molecules. Density functional theory (DFT) has progressively developed as a foremost method for modelling and simulation of chemical systems. The objective of the present work is to investigate how the methods based on density functional theory (DFT) can predict structural and spectroscopic properties. The quantum chemical calculations have been performed to study the Geometry optimization, bond length, bond angles and hydrogen bond interactions between Tri-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEGMME) & water using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311G, g(d,p). The exothermic formation energy (ΔE) for binary mixture of TEGMME) & water calculated is −0.012632 kcal.mol-1. The IR spectra calculated using SCF, GIAO approach under DFT calculations predict that stretching vibrational band of hydroxyl inside the TEGMME shifts to higher frequency and bending vibrational band of water shifts to lower frequency in the binary mixtures. The result shows a strong molecular interaction between tri-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and water molecule, which is influenced not only by the principle hydrogen bond of the. O---H with the proton acceptor, but also by additional hydrogen bonds of C---H moiety with alcoholic oxygen as a proton acceptor. Toward that end, DFT provides only a useful methodology.
Abstract: The impact of simultaneous presence of ethereal oxygen (–O–) and alcoholic (OH) groups on the excess thermodynamic properties and the corresponding behaviour of alkoxy alkanol in binary mixtures has great relevance in understanding the nature of interactions patterns among molecules. Density functional theory (DFT) has progressively developed as a ...
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