-
The Relationship Between Fitness Posts Exposure on Social Media and Female Appearance Self-Esteem: A Perspective of Sexual Objectification
Feng Yang,
Yang Han,
Xinru Fan,
Ziyi Liu
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
28-35
Received:
29 March 2023
Accepted:
20 April 2023
Published:
27 April 2023
Abstract: Social media generally refers to all kinds of websites or applications which allow users to present the contents created by themselves on the platform and counteract with other users. Today, it is a common phenomenon for females to view fitness posts on social media. Although past research has revealed the significantly negative relationship between social media exposure and global self-esteem, it is still unclear that how specific social media activities will have an influence on specific domains of self-esteem. Given that, with 246 female undergraduates as participants, the current research used the questionnaire survey method to examine the relationship between fitness posts exposure on social media and appearance self-esteem, and the underlying mechanisms. Regression analyses showed that, after control for the possible confounding variables, fitness posts exposure on social media was significantly and negatively related to appearance self-esteem (β = -0.18, p = 0.003), but not significantly related to global self-esteem (β = 0.09, p = 0.10). Further analyses suggested that the sexual objectification theory provided a feasible explanation for the correlation between fitness posts exposure on social media and appearance self-esteem. Specifically, further mediation analyses showed that fitness posts exposure on social media was related to appearance self-esteem via two possible mediation paths: (1) fitness posts exposure → body surveillance → appearance self-esteem, 95% CI [-0.08, -0.01]; (2) fitness posts exposure → body surveillance → body shame → appearance self-esteem, 95% CI [-0.07, -0.02]. We also found that when the indirect effects were considered, the direct effect between fitness posts exposure and appearance self-esteem was not significant, 95% CI [-0.20, 0.03]. The current research firstly demonstrated the correlation between fitness posts exposure on social media and appearance self-esteem, and also specified activities that may raise potential harms on self-esteem of users.
Abstract: Social media generally refers to all kinds of websites or applications which allow users to present the contents created by themselves on the platform and counteract with other users. Today, it is a common phenomenon for females to view fitness posts on social media. Although past research has revealed the significantly negative relationship betwee...
Show More
-
Role of Primary Education in Promoting Peace in Terrorism Affected Areas: Primary School Teachers’ Perspectives
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
36-46
Received:
2 January 2023
Accepted:
11 April 2023
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: Terrorism is the use of violence or threat of violence usually against civilians for political, religious or ideological purposes. It is a universal problem. This problem exists mostly in some part of the world. Primary education plays the crucial role in development and building peaceful and prosperous society. This study explores the perspectives of primary school teachers regarding the role of primary education in promotion of peace in terrorism affected area in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. A quantitative survey study was used to conduct this study. It is Due to cultural barriers males are strictly forbidden to female schools. Therefore, only males’ teachers are selected randomly. Data was collected by using a self developed survey questionnaire from 150 teachers selected from male primary school in district Malakand where schools have been facing the problem of terrorist attacks.. The data was analyzed on the basis of simple percentages and frequency statistically.. Findings of the study are: majority of the teachers were found agree to the teaching of religious/spiritual values at primary school label for the promotion peace in society. Teachers were agreed to teach the religious/spiritual values to primary school children to promote peace in society. Secondly, religion is a symbol of peace and backbone of the society as it teaches peaceful way of living to its followers, thirdly teachers were found eagerly to teach the social and universal values to students for the purpose of bringing peace in the society in order to avoid conflicts., it is recommended on the basis of finding of this study that training opportunities most be provided to primary school teachers specially in terror affected areas for the purpose of promoting peace and development.
Abstract: Terrorism is the use of violence or threat of violence usually against civilians for political, religious or ideological purposes. It is a universal problem. This problem exists mostly in some part of the world. Primary education plays the crucial role in development and building peaceful and prosperous society. This study explores the perspectives...
Show More
-
Exploring the Links Between Dream Experience, Nightmares, Sleep-Related Disturbances, and Subjective Well-Being
Ornella Montebarocci,
Paola Surcinelli,
Sara Giovagnoli
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
47-55
Received:
9 April 2023
Accepted:
25 April 2023
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the subjective experience of dreams, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Specifically, the study aimed to explore whether the subjective experience of dreams, including how often dreams are remembered, the presence of nightmares, and the way in which a person thinks about dreams, could influence the occurrence of subjective state and trait anxiety, as well as depression. Nightmares, a subset of dreams characterized by high distress and negative tone, were of particular interest, as they can significantly impact a person's well-being and contribute to anxiety and depression. The study also examined the possible influence of recent stress, as well as sleep-related disturbances such as insomnia, difficulty falling asleep, and nocturnal awakenings. A national online survey using Qualtrics forms was utilized to collect the data. The study involved 431 participants (124 males). All participants completed the DQ scale, a questionnaire with a three-factor structure: dream recall, nightmare distress, and dream meaning; the STAI Form Y1-Y2 and the BDI-II. Overall, results suggests that the presence of nightmares is associated with higher levels of depressive distress and increased intensity of both state and trait anxiety. Additionally, the findings indicate that depression is more severe in individuals experiencing recent stress, difficulty falling asleep, and frequent awakenings during the night. Even stable anxious traits of an individual appear to be more intense and contribute to frequent awakenings during the night. The frequency of nightmares is also linked to stress, overexertion, difficulty falling asleep, and frequent awakenings during the night. Interestingly, the memory of dreams is also related to the level of stress experienced by individuals, with those experiencing recent stress tending to recall their dreams more often. Present results are of clear clinical significance providing insight into possible treatment opportunities. Future studies should aim to utilize more representative sample, including different psychiatric populations and individuals with various sleep disorders, to further explore these associations.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the subjective experience of dreams, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Specifically, the study aimed to explore whether the subjective experience of dreams, including how often dreams are remembered, the presence of nightmares, and the way in which a person thinks about dreams, c...
Show More
-
Analysis on Influencing Factors of Depression and Anxiety Among College Students and Their Association with Corona Virus Disease 2019 Risk Perception
Zhihao Huang,
Chengming Zhang,
Jingxuan Han,
Wenjing Guo,
Jing An
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
56-62
Received:
11 April 2023
Accepted:
26 April 2023
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of depression and anxiety, and explore the relationship between depression and anxiety and risk perception of college students. Method Random sampling was used to conduct self-design questionnaire survey among 3084 students in Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology. The survey content includes demographic characteristics, influencing factors, Depression Self-rating Scale, Anxiety Self-rating Scale and Corona Virus Disease 19 risk perception Scale. Results According to multivariate Logistic regression, after adjusting for confounding factors, the influencing factors that decrease depression among participants included having breakfast everyday (OR = 0.714, 95%CI: 0.521 ~ 0.979), exercising 3 ~ 4 times per week (OR = 0.632, 95%CI: 0.471 ~ 0.848), exercising more than 4 times per week (OR = 0.618, 95%CI: 0.457 ~ 0.835), sleeping 6 ~ 8 hours per day (OR = 0.613, 95%CI: 0..443 ~ 0.847), sleeping more than 8 hours per day (OR = 0.509, 95%CI: 0.353 ~ 0.732); the influencing factors that increase depression among participants included having night snacks 1 ~ 4 times per week (OR = 1.299, 95%CI: 1.093 ~ 2.543), having night snacks more than 4 times per week (OR = 1.523, 95%CI: 1.062 ~ 2.185), neutral personality (OR = 1.597, 95%CI: 1.298 ~ 1.965), introverted personality (OR = 2.741, 95%CI: 2.117 ~ 3.549), neutral temperament (OR = 1.489, 95%CI: 1.257 ~ 1.763), wild temperament (OR = 4.161, 95%CI: 2.933 ~ 5.904) and high risk perception (OR = 2.509, 95%CI: 2.017 ~ 3.122); the influencing factors that decrease anxiety among participants included sleeping 6 ~ 8 hours per day (OR = 0.568, 95%CI: 0.404 ~ 0.800) and sleeping more than 8 hours per day (OR = 0.438, 95%CI: 0.293 ~ 0.654); the influencing factors that increase anxiety among participants included drinking alcohol more than 4 times everyday (OR = 2.329, 95%CI: 1.020 ~ 5.319), having night snack 1 ~ 4 times every week (OR = 1.239, 95%CI: 1.010 ~ 1.519), having night snack more than 4 times every week (OR = 1.603, 95%CI: 1.081 ~ 2.379), neutral personality (OR = 1.629, 95%CI: 1.271 ~ 2.089), introverted personality (OR = 1.758, 95%CI: 1.292 ~ 2.393), wild temperament (OR = 2.261, 95%CI: 1.574 ~ 3.247) and high risk perception (OR = 3.104, 95%CI: 2.476 ~ 3.892). Conclusion During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 pandemic, depression and anxiety among college students are closely related to their dietary habits, alcohol consumption, exercise frequency, sleep duration, personality, temperament, and risk perception level.
Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of depression and anxiety, and explore the relationship between depression and anxiety and risk perception of college students. Method Random sampling was used to conduct self-design questionnaire survey among 3084 students in Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical...
Show More
