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Comparative Analysis Between Manual and Computer Aided Design of Minimum and Optimum Reflux Ratio at Minimum Reflux Operating Condition of a Distillation Column
Okafor Blessing,
Effiong Edward
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016
Pages:
13-19
Received:
30 October 2016
Accepted:
30 November 2016
Published:
21 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20160102.11
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Abstract: This work presents the comparative analysis between manual and computer aided design of minimum and optimum reflux ratio at minimum reflux condition of a distillation column. The Underwood’s shortcut design model for determining a column’s minimum reflux ratio is applied, and a multiplier of the minimum reflux is used to obtain the optimum reflux ratio of the column. Matlab R2008b is the computer software used to achieve the computer aided design of the reflux due to the need for fast convergence solution to iterative computations. The manual design is a pen and paper approach. The results obtained from both methods were compared for better analysis of the column’s separation efficiency at the reflux operating conditions.
Abstract: This work presents the comparative analysis between manual and computer aided design of minimum and optimum reflux ratio at minimum reflux condition of a distillation column. The Underwood’s shortcut design model for determining a column’s minimum reflux ratio is applied, and a multiplier of the minimum reflux is used to obtain the optimum reflux r...
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Remoldelling of PID Controller Based on an Artificial Intelligency (Neural Network)
Uchegbu C. E.,
Eneh I. I.,
Ekwuribe M. J.,
Ugwu C. O.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016
Pages:
20-26
Received:
30 September 2016
Accepted:
30 November 2016
Published:
21 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20160102.12
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Abstract: The proportional integral derivative PID controller remodeled using Neural Network and easy hard ware implementation, which will improve the control system in our industries with a high turnover. However, in this work, we propose a non-linear control of stochastic differential equation to Neural Network matching; the model has been validated, evaluated and compared with other existing controllers. The idea is to have control systems that will be able to achieve, improve, reduce waste and that is more flexible in the level of conversion, to be able to track set point change and reject load disturbance in our process industries. This paper represents a preliminary effort to design a simplified neutral network and proportional integral derivative PID control scheme, and modeling, their operational characteristics for a class of non-linear process. At the end we were able to achieve a good result by remodeling the proportional integral derivative PID controller with Neural Network Technique, and connected the plant process control where all the features of the traditional proportional integral derivative PID controller were retained and as well improved using MAT-LAB. The output was fantastic since the waste and loss encored by the process industries was drastically reduced to minimum.
Abstract: The proportional integral derivative PID controller remodeled using Neural Network and easy hard ware implementation, which will improve the control system in our industries with a high turnover. However, in this work, we propose a non-linear control of stochastic differential equation to Neural Network matching; the model has been validated, evalu...
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Decentralized Control of Low-Voltage Islanded DC Microgrid Using Power Management Strategies
Mehrdad Beykverdi,
Abolfazl Jalilvand,
Mehdi Ehsan
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016
Pages:
27-41
Received:
6 November 2016
Accepted:
9 December 2016
Published:
5 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20160102.13
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Abstract: This paper intended to control a DC microgrid in islanded operation mode using decentralized power management strategies. The DC microgrid under study included a wind turbine generator (WTG), photovoltaic (PV), battery energy storage system (BESS) and dc constant power load. According to the newly proposed strategy, each of distributed generation sources of energy and battery energy storage system can be deployed independently within any controlled microgrid through the droop method. Proposed I/V characteristic curve could be regulated locally and in real-time based on the available power of DGs and the battery state of charge (SOC), to synchronize the module performances independently and establish the power balance in the DC microgrid. Proposed strategy for the battery enables the system to supply independently the power required for the load demand when the DGs are not capable of supplying the required power to the load. This can maintain the common bus voltage within the allowable range and establish the power balance in the DC microgrid. The proposed control strategy was applied locally and without dependency on telecommunication links or any centralized energy management system on each of the distributed generation modules and battery independently. The newly proposed power management strategy was simulated through the implementation of a low voltage DC microgrid in MATLAB/SIMULINK where its performance was evaluated.
Abstract: This paper intended to control a DC microgrid in islanded operation mode using decentralized power management strategies. The DC microgrid under study included a wind turbine generator (WTG), photovoltaic (PV), battery energy storage system (BESS) and dc constant power load. According to the newly proposed strategy, each of distributed generation s...
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Feasibility Study of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy Systems for Rural Villages of Ethiopian Somali Region (A Case Study of Jigjiga Zone)
Natei Ermias Benti,
Getachew Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016
Pages:
42-48
Received:
10 November 2016
Accepted:
9 December 2016
Published:
5 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20160102.14
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Abstract: Study was conducted to assess feasibility of solar PV power system for Jigjiga Zone. The data required for this work (sunshine hours) was obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency (NMSA) and analyzed using MATLAB software. The study revealed that the area has abundant solar energy potential (6.5 KWh/m2/day). Electric load for the basic needs of thecommunity, such as, for lighting, radio and televisionhave been estimated. As a result, based on the storage system, solar PV system is found as having a cost of energy about $12.09/kWh
Abstract: Study was conducted to assess feasibility of solar PV power system for Jigjiga Zone. The data required for this work (sunshine hours) was obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency (NMSA) and analyzed using MATLAB software. The study revealed that the area has abundant solar energy potential (6.5 KWh/m2/day). Electric load for the bas...
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Estimation and Design Techniques for Adaptive Delta Modulation Using Otas
Takialddin Al Smadi,
Farouq M. Al Taweel,
Al-Khawaldeh Igried
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016
Pages:
49-52
Received:
2 November 2016
Accepted:
9 December 2016
Published:
9 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20160102.15
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Abstract: This paper mainly studies a signal processing methodology of communication systems realized circuits of Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) using Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs). Methodology: This work suggests a design for adopting the quantization step size using feedback output quantize through adoptive delta modulation scheme using loss operation with Transconductance amplifier as loss OTAs integrator. Quantization step size is realized using integrators, rectifiers and amplifiers. The step over load is controlled by variable voltage gain (Av) of the Trans conductance. Result: was compared with conventional ADM using Op-Amp. According to the quantized output, the slope overload noise and granular noise are changed by controlling the variable voltage gain (Av) of OTAs. Conclusion: The paper suggests a design using feedback output quantize through ADM scheme by loss operation with Trans-conductance amplifier as loss OTAs integrator, the control is achieved by increasing or decreasing the step size from δmin to δmax in order to determine the quantization noise. Simulation power results improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and modulation quality at fs = 64 kHz. Moreover, the dynamic range of the modulator is also improved.
Abstract: This paper mainly studies a signal processing methodology of communication systems realized circuits of Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) using Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs). Methodology: This work suggests a design for adopting the quantization step size using feedback output quantize through adoptive delta modulation scheme using l...
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Displacement of Oil from Porous Bed by the Oscillating Flow of Polymer Solution
Volodymyr G. Pogrebnyak,
Iryna V. Perkun,
Andriy V. Pogrebnyak
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016
Pages:
53-57
Received:
1 November 2016
Accepted:
9 December 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20160102.16
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Abstract: The successful and economical design, scale up and operation of a fluidized bed reactor depends upon the true prediction of its bed hydrodynamics. The present research has been carried out to study the hydrodynamics behavior of bed of semolina particles in liquid solid fluidization. The prime objective of this research work is to study the effect of liquid superficial velocity and variation in static bed height on the minimum fluidization velocity and pressure drop. Liquid-solid fluidization is characterized by the uniform expansion of bed particles, therefore it is known as particulate fluidization. In liquid solid fluidization, there is no bubbling phase, that is the main cause of uniform bed expansion. Liquid-solid fluidization has extensive field of applications, i.e. in hydrometallurgy, waste water treatment, biochemical processing and food technology. Minimum fluidization velocity and pressure drop are important hydrodynamic parameters in the design and scale up of fluidized bed reactors. The experimental work was carried out in a column made up of acrylic having 60mm outer diameter and 2mm wall thickness and was 1000mm long. Manometers were used to observe the pressure drop variations across the bed. The minimum fluidization velocity was found to be 0.404mm/sec. It has been found that the minimum fluidization velocity is not affected by the variations in the initial static bed height. Semolina particles being sticky solids offer slightly greater pressure drop. Pressure drop becomes constant when fluidization is achieved.
Abstract: The successful and economical design, scale up and operation of a fluidized bed reactor depends upon the true prediction of its bed hydrodynamics. The present research has been carried out to study the hydrodynamics behavior of bed of semolina particles in liquid solid fluidization. The prime objective of this research work is to study the effect o...
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Effect of Initial Bed Height and Liquid Velocity on the Minimum Fluidization Velocity (Umf) and Pressure Drop for the Bed of Semolina Particles in Liquid-Solid Fluidization
Usman Asghar,
Waqar Ali Khan,
Imran Shamshad
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016
Pages:
58-62
Received:
23 September 2016
Accepted:
14 December 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20160102.17
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Abstract: The successful and economical design, scale up and operation of a fluidized bed reactor depends upon the true prediction of its bed hydrodynamics. The present research has been carried out to study the hydrodynamics behavior of bed of semolina particles in liquid solid fluidization. The prime objective of this research work is to study the effect of liquid superficial velocity and variation in static bed height on the minimum fluidization velocity and pressure drop. Liquid-solid fluidization is characterized by the uniform expansion of bed particles, therefore it is known as particulate fluidization. In liquid solid fluidization, there is no bubbling phase, that is the main cause of uniform bed expansion. Liquid-solid fluidization has extensive field of applications, i.e. in hydrometallurgy, waste water treatment, biochemical processing and food technology. Minimum fluidization velocity and pressure drop are important hydrodynamic parameters in the design and scale up of fluidized bed reactors. The experimental work was carried out in a column made up of acrylic having 60mm outer diameter and 2mm wall thickness and was 1000mm long. Manometers were used to observe the pressure drop variations across the bed. The minimum fluidization velocity was found to be 0.404mm/sec. It has been found that the minimum fluidization velocity is not affected by the variations in the initial static bed height. Semolina particles being sticky solids offer slightly greater pressure drop. Pressure drop becomes constant when fluidization is achieved.
Abstract: The successful and economical design, scale up and operation of a fluidized bed reactor depends upon the true prediction of its bed hydrodynamics. The present research has been carried out to study the hydrodynamics behavior of bed of semolina particles in liquid solid fluidization. The prime objective of this research work is to study the effect o...
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Comparison of Methods for Calculation of Combustion Heat of Biopolymers
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016
Pages:
63-67
Received:
18 November 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajset.20160102.18
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Abstract: In this paper various methods for calculation of gross (Q) and net (q) heats of combustion for different biopolymers (lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, starch, pectin, proteins, lipids etc.) have been analyzed. The results showed that the calculation with use the energy released by combustion per gram of diatomic oxygen (Eq-parameter) is less accurate, because it gives a deviation from experimental values of about 4% for Q and more than 7% for q. In the case of calculations based on contribution of structural groups of polymers, the deviation may reach 3%. The lowest deviation of about 0.5% for Q and less than 1% for q was obtained using an improved method of calculation, which is based on elemental composition of the polymers. Calculation of gross and net heat of combustion for biomass samples by the improved method was very close to experimental calorific values. It was found that combustion of biomass waste supplemented with waste plastic is preferable, since such combustion technology provides more thermal energy than single firing of biomass and is accompanied by less emission of carbon dioxide in comparison with separate burning of plastic waste only.
Abstract: In this paper various methods for calculation of gross (Q) and net (q) heats of combustion for different biopolymers (lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, starch, pectin, proteins, lipids etc.) have been analyzed. The results showed that the calculation with use the energy released by combustion per gram of diatomic oxygen (Eq-parameter) is less accu...
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