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Risk Assessment and Control for Main Hazards in Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants
Ahmed Fathy Awwad,
Mohammed Hassan Gobran,
Radwan Mostafa Kamal,
Mohammed Abdel Hameed Boraey
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
1-11
Received:
12 May 2018
Accepted:
29 May 2018
Published:
28 June 2018
Abstract: As the manpower is the most valuable and important element for production in any industrial plant or organisation, so their health and safety must be managed to protect them against the reasonably foreseeable risks. In this paper risk assessment is carried out for five Reverse Osmosis desalination plants to detect the main hazards in such type of plants. Health safety executive -five steps to risk assessment model is used including 5×5 risk matrix to rank the risk level and then represented by color code to clarify the priority. The materials, equipment, working place and peoples included in the operation are considered while assessing the risk and working activities are monitored and analyzed. The most common hazards are found in working at height, working inside confined spaces or under water, exposure to noise, contacting with uncovered rotating equipment, electricity, high pressurized fluid and fire. The control measures are introduced to mitigate the level of identified risks to an acceptable level like developing a permit to work system and procedures for confined space entry or working under water, lock out and tag out of the power supply while dealing with electrical equipment, guarding all rotating parts of the machines, provide the right equipment for working at height, reduce the exposure time to noise and providing sufficient training, information and safety instructions to the employees. This paper can be used as a safety booklet for RO desalination plants operators.
Abstract: As the manpower is the most valuable and important element for production in any industrial plant or organisation, so their health and safety must be managed to protect them against the reasonably foreseeable risks. In this paper risk assessment is carried out for five Reverse Osmosis desalination plants to detect the main hazards in such type of p...
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Fabrication and Identification of the Efficiency of a Si-Based Solar Cell
Mohammad Mahmuduzzaman Tawhid,
Omar Faruk Rasel,
Mahbubul Hoq,
Nasrul Haque
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
12-18
Received:
17 September 2018
Accepted:
28 September 2018
Published:
23 October 2018
Abstract: This research represents the fabrication and characterization of a solar cell which is based on a thin p-type silicon (Si) wafer. Solar cells are the basic building blocks of Solar Panels or Modules. There are presently nine companies manufacturing solar modules in the country. Nowadays a large amount of electricity comes from solar cell. The total demand for solar cells in assembling solar modules of the nine companies are about 80-90MWp annually. Mainly, cost of solar cell depends on the Brand, type of crystal structure (Mono or Multi) and the shape or size of wafer. For the first time in the country, ‘Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC)’ has set up a laboratory to fabricate crystalline solar cells on a pilot basis. The method used to fabricate solar cells is the low-cost diffusion technique using POCl3 gas source. Several solar cells of 150×150 mm2 sizes and 200 micrometer thick are produced and characterized in the laboratory. A p-type silicon wafer is cleaned and textured to make its surface pyramid shape for absorbing more sunlight. The p-n junction used in Si-based solar cell is created after applying diffusion technique using Phosphorus-oxy-try chloride (POCl3) within the silicon wafer and putting Aluminum (Al) paste on one side of the wafer. Perfectly texturing ensures the excellent pyramid height of the silicon wafers. The pyramid heights of raw, textured and doped wafers are 8233.2 Å, 15222.5 Å and 55654.1 Å respectively. The pyramid surface shows the increasing light absorption by the solar cell that can lead to an increase in conversion efficiency of the device. The efficiency of the produced solar cell is 3.3%. The results have shown that some challenges and good opportunities in getting the high-efficient and cost effective solar cells. If the cost effective technology can be made familiar in Bangladesh then it will help in solving the power crisis in the country a great deal.
Abstract: This research represents the fabrication and characterization of a solar cell which is based on a thin p-type silicon (Si) wafer. Solar cells are the basic building blocks of Solar Panels or Modules. There are presently nine companies manufacturing solar modules in the country. Nowadays a large amount of electricity comes from solar cell. The total...
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Clay Adsorption Perspective on Petroleum Refining Industry
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
19-25
Received:
13 September 2018
Accepted:
25 September 2018
Published:
25 October 2018
Abstract: Clays are the most utilized minerals and considered very efficient and economical sorbents according to their chemical and physical properties. Clays are enjoying rapid popularity in the petroleum refining industry for the various processes such as adsorption and separation. Removal of many components such as sulfur, heavy metals, colors and separation of different hydrocarbon groups of crude oil and petroleum fractions can be carried out by clay adsorption. The present review summarizes the using of clay as adsorbent in several petroleum refining processes such as desulphurization, deasphalting, waste oil recovery, bleaching, corrosion reduction, heavy metals removal and other. One of the simplest, easiest and efficient separation processes used in different industries is adsorption. Review results show that different types of clay are obtainable and used in many applications. Clay adsorption can be enhanced the treatment and finishing of crude oils and petroleum fractions through several modifications such as metals impregnation, acid and thermal activations. Bentonite clays promote the highest adsorption capacity to remove sulfur and a high bleaching potential. Attapulgite clay is effective in decolorization and neutralization any petroleum oil. Impregnation of NiO nanoparticles into kaolin improves the asphaltenes adsorption. Several modified as well as unmodified clays promote the highest removal efficiency of Ni and V from crude oil. Additionally, the adsorption pre-treatment affects the reduction in corrosion yields and the corrosion rate.
Abstract: Clays are the most utilized minerals and considered very efficient and economical sorbents according to their chemical and physical properties. Clays are enjoying rapid popularity in the petroleum refining industry for the various processes such as adsorption and separation. Removal of many components such as sulfur, heavy metals, colors and separa...
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The Application of Data Mining in the Production Processes
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
26-33
Received:
16 September 2018
Accepted:
28 September 2018
Published:
30 October 2018
Abstract: Traditional statistical and measurements are unable to solve all industrial data in the right way and appropriate time. Open markets mean the customers are increased, and production must increase to provide all customer requirements. Nowadays, large data generated daily from different production processes and traditional statistical or limited measurements are not enough to handle all daily data. Improve production and quality need to analyze data and extract the important information about the process how to improve. Data mining applied successfully in the industrial processes and some algorithms such as mining association rules, and decision tree recorded high professional results in different industrial and production fields. The study applied seven algorithms to analyze production data and extract the best result and algorithm in the industry field. KNN, Tree, SVM, Random Forests, ANN, Naïve Bayes, and AdaBoost applied to classify data based on three attributes without neglect any variables whether this variable is numerical or categorical. The best results of accuracy and area under the curve (ROC) obtained from Decision tree and its ensemble algorithms (Random Forest and AdaBoost). Thus, a decision tree is an appropriate algorithm to handle manufacturing and production data especially this algorithm can handle numerical and categorical data.
Abstract: Traditional statistical and measurements are unable to solve all industrial data in the right way and appropriate time. Open markets mean the customers are increased, and production must increase to provide all customer requirements. Nowadays, large data generated daily from different production processes and traditional statistical or limited meas...
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Review in Maintenance Strategies for Haemodialysis Machine in Healthcare Facilities
David Malombe Mutia,
Lawrence Mukhongo,
Peter Chemweno
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
34-41
Received:
17 September 2018
Accepted:
29 September 2018
Published:
30 October 2018
Abstract: Hemodialysis machines are critical medical equipment in healthcare facilities for renal replacement therapy in form of dialysis treatment on solving chronic kidney diseases in Sub Sahara Africa. It is a vital machine which acts as human kidney by incorporating electromechanical controlled extracorporeal blood paths that leverage pumps and semi permeable dialyzer membranes to filter the patient’s blood. The biggest challenge to the biomedical engineers in most African hospitals is to maintain the manufacturer’s safety and performance specification of the haemodialysis equipment. There is a need for effective maintenance strategy for haemodialysis medical equipment in order to maintain the manufacturer’s set specification to meet clinical expectations and hence improve its reliability. The overall goal of the research paper is therefore to analyze the influence of different maintenance strategies and subsequently improve on the reliability of hemodialysis equipment in healthcare institutions in Kenya. The research will prioritize hemodialysis machine as critical medical equipment and use comprehensive secondary data to review and analyze the strategic maintenance applied in health institutions to optimize the best and cost effective strategic maintenance for the hemodialysis medical equipment. The ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms may be less expert reliant and avoid uncertainty and ambiguity to determine the best strategic maintenance management to manage hemodialysis medical equipment in the hospitals. The results will provide an opportunity to technical engineers to develop a predictive and intelligent management system in the hospitals to minimize or remove the Mean Downtime (MDT) and Mean time to repair (MTTR) for a failed hemodialysis machines and improve the reliability of the hemodialysis machine.
Abstract: Hemodialysis machines are critical medical equipment in healthcare facilities for renal replacement therapy in form of dialysis treatment on solving chronic kidney diseases in Sub Sahara Africa. It is a vital machine which acts as human kidney by incorporating electromechanical controlled extracorporeal blood paths that leverage pumps and semi perm...
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