| Peer-Reviewed

Factors Affecting Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Quality in Ethiopia: A Review

Received: 13 August 2021    Accepted: 30 August 2021    Published: 15 September 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most significant crop and is consumed all over the world. Twenty-five percent of Ethiopia's population is dependent on the coffee business. Coffee quality can be affected by a variety of factors, including genetic and environmental factors, as well as the level of care given from the field to the bloodletting. On those factors, various studies have been conducted. As a result, this review aims to find out the elements that influence coffee quality in Ethiopia, as well as the analysis gap in coffee quality. Cup quality is also a fancy attribute that is influenced by several elements such as genetics, ecology, cultivation, processing method systems, and storage conditions. One of the most important stages in the preparation of any agricultural product, including coffee, is storage. The quality of coffee is affected by post-harvest operations and the plant's structure. Every stakeholder, including farmers' awareness, has played a part in Ethiopia's intriguing coffee quality.

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12
Page(s) 283-291
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Beans, Coffee, Ethiopia, Factors, Quality

References
[1] Davis AP, Gole TW, Baena S, Moat J (2012) The Impact of Climate Change on Indigenous Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica): Predicting Future Trends and Identifying Priorities. PLoS ONE 2012, 7 (11), 479-481
[2] Lashermesl P, Combesl MC, Toparf P, Graziose G, Bertrand B, Anthony F (2010) Molecular Breeding In Coffee (Coffea Arabic A L.) Coffee Biotechnology and Quality 101-112
[3] Anthony F, Combes MC, Astorga C, Bertrand B, Graziosi G, Lashermes P (2002) The origin of cultivated Coffea Arabica L. varieties revealed by AFLP and SSR markers. Theor Appl Genet 2002, 104: 894–900
[4] Abreu, H. M. C. d., Nobile, P. M., Shimizu, M. M., Yamamoto, P. Y., Silva, E. A., Colombo, C. A., & Mazzafera, P. (2012). Influence of air temperature on proteinase activity and beverage quality in Coffea arabica. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 35 (4), 357-376.
[5] Prakash, N. S., Combes, M.-C., Somanna, N., & Lashermes, P. (2002). AFLP analysis of introgression in coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica L.) derived from a natural interspecific hybrid. Euphytica, 124 (3), 265-271.
[6] ICO.(2016). Trade Statistics Tables: http://www.ico.org/trade_statistics.asp.
[7] Illy, A. and R. Viani, 2005. Espresso Coffee. The Grading System of Ethiopian Coffee in Demand Science of Quality; Elsevier, Academic Press: Supply Chain: In Coffee Diversity and Knowledge. London, UK
[8] International Coffee Organization (ICO) (2018). Coffee market report Available at http://www.ico.org/. Accessed on 1 August 2018.
[9] Bart M (2017). Ethiopia’s coffee farmers struggle to realize benefits from international markets. International Food Policy Research Institutes. Washington, DC 20005-3915 USA.
[10] World Intellectual Property Report (WIPR) (2017). Coffee: how consumer choices are reshaping the global value chain. World Intellectual Property Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
[11] Adugnaw Mintesnot and Nigussie Dechassa East African Journal of Sciences (2018) Effect of Altitude, Shade, and Processing Methods on the Quality and Biochemical Composition of Green Coffee Beans in Ethiopia, 12 (2) 87-100, 2018
[12] Decasay, F., Avelino, J., Guyot, B., Perriot, J. I., Pineda, C., & Cilas, C. (2003). Quality of different Honduran coffees to several environments. Journal of Food Science, 68 (7), 2356–2361. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jfds.2003.68.issue-7
[13] Silva, E. A., Mazzafera, P., Brunini, O., Sakai, E., Arruda, F. B., Mattoso, L. H. C., Carvalho, C. R. L., & Pires, R. C. M. (2005). The influence of water management and environmental conditions on the chemical composition and beverage quality of coffee beans. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17 (2), 229–238.
[14] Yigzaw, D. (2005). Assessment of cup quality, the morphological, biochemical, and molecular diversity of C. Arabica L. genotypes of Ethiopia [Ph.D. dissertation]. University Free State
[15] Leroy, T., Ribeyre, F., Bertrand, B., Charmetant, P., Dufour, M., Montagnon, C., Marraccini, P., & Pot, D. (2006). Genetics of coffee quality. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18 (1), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1590/ S1677-0420200600010001
[16] Clemente Maria Junia, Martinez Prieto Emilia Herminia, Leonardo Corrêa Alves, Fernando Luíz Finger, and Paulo Roberto Cecon Effects of nitrogen and potassium on the chemical composition of coffee beans and beverage quality Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy Maringá, v. 37, n. 3, p. 297-305, July-Sept., 2015
[17] Yigzaw, D., Labuschagne, M. T., Osthoff, G., Herselman, L., 2008. Genetic diversity and correlation of bean caffeine content with cup quality and green bean physical characteristics in coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Sci. Food Agric. 88, 1726–1730.
[18] Abiyot, T., Sentayehu, A., Taye, K., Weyessa, G., 2011. Variability and association of quality and biochemical attributes in some promising Coffea arabica Germplasm collections in southwestern Ethiopia. Int. J. Plant Breed. Genet. 5 (4), 302–316
[19] Kassaye, T., D’heer, J., Duchateau, L., Boeckx, P., 2017. Influence of growing altitude, shade, and harvest period on quality and biochemical composition of Ethiopian specialty coffee. J. Sci. Food Agric. 97 (9), 2849–2857.
[20] Mohammed, W., de Bruno, M., Luc, D., Pascal, B., 2018. Effect of altitude on biochemical composition and quality of green arabica coffee beans can be affected by shade and postharvest processing methods. Food Res. Int. 105, 278–285.
[21] ISO (2000) International Standard ISO 9000: 2000. Quality management systems-Fundamentals and vocabulary, 29 pp. ISO (2004a)
[22] International Standard ISO 9116: 2004. Green coffee-Guidelines on methods of specification, 4 pp.
[23] Prodolliet J (2004). Coffee quality assurance: Current tools and perspectives, In 20th ASIC (International Conference on Coffee Science), 11-15 October, Bangalore, India, pp. 120-145.
[24] Neilson J (2007). Institutions, the governance of quality and on-farm value retention for Indonesian specialty coffee. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 28: 188-204
[25] Moreno, G., Moreno, E. and Cadena, G. 1995. Bean characteristics and cup quality of the Colombian variety (Coffea arabica) as judged by international tasting panels. In: the proceedings of the 16th International Scientific Colloquium on Coffee. Kyoto, Japan. pp. 574-583
[26] Behailu W/Senbet, Abrare Sualeh, Nugussie Mekonen, Solomon Endries. 2008. Coffee processing and quality research in Ethiopia. In: Girma Adugna, Bayetta Belachew, Tesfaye Shimber, Endale Taye and Taye Kufa (eds.). Coffee Diversity and Knowledge. Proceedings of a National Workshop Four Decades of Coffee Research and Development in Ethiopia, 14-17 August 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 307-316.
[27] Krug CA, de Poerck RA (1968). World coffee survey. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States, Rome, Italy
[28] Yadessa A, Burkhardt J, Denich M, Woldemariam T, Bekele E, and Goldbach H, Effect of different indigenous shade trees on the quality of wild arabica coffee in the Afromontane rainforests of Ethiopia, in 22nd International Conference on Coffee Science, ASIC 2008. Campinas, SP, Brazil, 14–19 September 2008. Association Scientifique Internationale du Café (ASIC), Campinas, Brazil, pp. 1227–1233 (2009).
[29] Alemayehu Teshome, EsayasKebede and Kassu Kebede. 2008. Coffee Development and Marketing Improvement Plan. In: Proceedings of A National Work Shop Four Decades of Coffee Research and Development in Ethiopia. 14-17 August 2007, EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 375-381.
[30] Charrier, A. and Berthaud, J. 1985. Botanical Classification of Coffee. In: Coffee, Botany, Biochemistry, and Production of Beans and Beverages. MN Clifford and KC Willson (eds). Croom Helm, London, and Sydney, P. 48-97.
[31] Cubry, P., Musoli, P., Legnate, H., Pot, D., De Bellis, F., Poncet, V., Leroy, T. (2007). Diversity in coffee assessed with SSR markers: structure of the genus Coffea and perspectives for breeding. Genome, 51 (1), 50-63.
[32] Lashermes, P., Combes, M.-C., Ansaldi, C., Gichuru, E., & Noir, S. (2011). Analysis of alien introgression in the coffee tree (Coffea arabica L.). Molecular breeding, 27 (2), 223-232
[33] Kitila, O., Alamerew, S., Kufa, T., & Garedew, W. (2011). Organoleptic Characterization of Some Limu Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm at Agaro, Southwestern Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 537-549.
[34] Agwanda, C. O. 1999. Flavor: an ideal selection criterion for the genetic improvement of liquor quality in arabica coffee. In the proceedings of 18th International Scientific Colloquium on Coffee, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 383-389.
[35] Agwanda, C. O., Baradat, P., Eskes, A. B., Cilas, C., and Charrier, A. 2003. Selection for bean and liquor qualities within related hybrids of Arabica coffee in multi-local field trials. Euphytica. 131: 1-14.
[36] Walyaro, D. (1983). Considerations in breeding for improved yield and quality in arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen.
[37] Van der Vossen, H. A. (1985). Coffee selection and breeding. In Coffee, (pp. 48-96): Springer.
[38] Selvakumar, M. and M. S. Sreenivasan, 1989. Studies on morphology and quality of Ethiopian Arabica coffee. Journal of Plantation Crops 16: 321-324.
[39] Wintgens JN (2004) Coffee: growing, processing, sustainable production. A guidebook for growers, processors, traders, and researchers, Willet-VGC Verlag GmbH & Co.
[40] Bellachew, B., and J. P. Labouisse. 2006. “Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Local Landrace Development Strategy in Its Center of Origin and Diversity.” In 21st International Scientific Colloquium on Coffee, 11–15, Montpelier, France
[41] Fekadu, T., B. Bellachew, B. Atero, A. Ayano, and T. Benti. 2008. “Germplasm Collection and Maintenance of Coffee (Coffea Arabica L).” In Coffee Diversity and Knowledge, Proceedings of a National Workshop on Four Decades of Coffee Research and Development in Ethiopia, edited by G. Adugna, B. Belachew, T. Shimber, E. Taye, and T. Kufa, 45–49. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 14–17 August 2007.
[42] Desalegn Alemayehu Review on Genetic Diversity of Coffee (Coffea Arabica. L) in Ethiopia International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture (IJFH) Volume 3, Issue 2, 2017, PP 18-27
[43] Jessy, M. D. 2011. Potassium management in plantation crops with special reference to tea, coffee, and rubber, Karnataka. J. Agric., Sci. 24 (1): 67-74.
[44] Paulos D. 1994. Mineral fertilization of coffee in Ethiopia. Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa. Pp. 105.
[45] Läderach P, Oberthür T, Cook S, Iza ME, Pohlan JA, Fisher M et al., Systematic agronomic farm management for improved coffee quality. Field Crops Res 120: 321–329 (2011). (Läderach et al., 2011)
[46] Mekonen Hailemichaelsalla, 2009. Influence of genotype, location, and processing methods on the quality of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). M.Sc. Thesis Hawassa University
[47] Kufa T, Yilma A, Shimber T, Netsere A, and Taye E, Yield performance of Coffea arabica cultivars under different shade trees at Jimma Research Center, Southwest Ethiopia, in Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Multi-strata Agroforestry Systems with Perennial Crops, Turrialba, Costa Rica, Turrialba, Costa Rica (2007). (Kufa et al., 2007)
[48] Abera G. 2006. Investigation of Metals In Raw And Roasted Indigenous Coffee Varieties In Ethiopia, Graduate Project (Chem. 774), Addis Ababa University.
[49] Lara-Estrada, L., & Vaast, P. (2007). Effects of altitude, shade, yield, and fertilization on coffee quality (Coffea arabica L. var. Caturra) produced in agroforestry systems of the Northern Central Zones of Nicaragua. In Second International Symposium on Multi-Strata Agroforestry Systems with Perennial Crops: Making Ecosystem Services Count for Farmers, Consumers, and the Environment, Turrialba, Costa Rica, (pp. 17-21).
[50] Vaast, Cilas, C., Perriot, J., Davrieux, F., Guyot, B., & Bolano, M. (2005a). Mapping of coffee quality in Nicaragua according to regions, ecological conditions, and farm management. In: ASIC 2004. 20th International Conference on Coffee Science, Bangalore, India, 11-15 October 2004., (pp. 842-850): Association Scientifique Internationale du Café (ASIC).
[51] Guyot, B., Gueule, D., Manez, J., Perriot, J., Giron, J., & Villain, L. (1996). Influence de l’altitude et de l’ombrage sur la qualité des cafés arabica. Plantations, recherche, développement, 3 (4), 272-280
[52] Camargo, A., Santinato, R., & Cortez, J. (1992). Aptidao climática para qualidade da bebida nas principais regioes cafeeiras de café Arábica. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Pesquisas Cafeeiras, 18. Araxá (Brasil), Outubro 27-30, 1992. Trabalhos apresentados
[53] Link, J. V., Lemes, A. L. G., Marquetti, I., dos Santos Scholz, M. B., & Bona, E. (2014). Geographical and genotypic segmentation of arabica coffee using self-organizing maps. Food Research International, 59, 1-7.
[54] Muschler, R. G. (2001). Shade improves coffee quality in a sub-optimal coffee zone of Costa Rica. Agroforestry Systems, 51 (2), 131-139.
[55] Vaast, Bertrand, B., Perriot, J. J., Guyot, B., & Génard, M. (2006). Fruit thinning and shade improve bean characteristics and beverage quality of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) under optimal conditions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86 (2), 197-204.
[56] Bertrand, B., Boulanger, R., Dussert, S., Laffargue, A., Ribeyre, F., Berthiot, L., Joët, T. (2012). Climatic factors directly impact the biochemical composition and the volatile organic compounds fingerprint in green Arabica coffee bean as well coffee beverage quality. In International Conference on Coffee Science, (pp. 628--635)
[57] Avelino, J., Barboza, B., Araya, J. C., Fonseca, C., Davrieux, F., Guyot, B., & Cilas, C. (2005). Effects of slope exposure, altitude, and the yield on coffee quality in two altitude terroirs of Costa Rica, Orosi, and Santa Maria de Dota. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 85 (11), 1869-1876.
[58] Bertrand, B., Vaast, P., Alpizar, E., Etienne, H., Davrieux, F., & Charmetant, P. (2006). Comparison of bean biochemical composition and beverage quality of Arabica hybrids involving Sudanese-Ethiopian origins with traditional varieties at various elevations in Central America. Tree Physiology, 26 (9), 1239-1248.
[59] Bosselmann, A., Dons, K., Oberthur, T., Olsen, C. S., Ræbild, A., & Usma, H. (2009). The influence of shade trees on coffee quality in smallholder coffee agroforestry systems in Southern Colombia. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 129 (1), 253-260.
[60] Bertrand, B., Etienne, H., Guyot, B., & Vaast, P. (2005). Year of production and canopy region influence bean characteristics and beverage quality of Arabica coffee. In: ASIC, 20th International Conference on Coffee Science, Bangalore, India, 11-15 October 2004., (pp. 878-886).
[61] Vaast, Kanten Rv, Siles P, Dzib B, Franck N, Harmand J, and Genard M, Shade: a key factor for coffee sustainability and quality, in ASIC 2004 20th International Conference on Coffee Science, Bangalore, India, 11–15 October 2004, Association Scientifique Internationale du Café (ASIC), Bangalore, India, pp. 887–896 (2005).
[62] Jo€et, T., Laffargue, A., Descroix, F., Doulbeau, S., Bertrand, B., Kochko, A. D., Dussert, S., 2010. Influence of environmental factors, wet processing, and their interactions on the biochemical composition of green Arabica coffee beans. Food Chem. 118, 693–701.
[63] Sridevi, V., & Parvatam, G. (2014). Changes in caffeine content during fruit development in Coffea canephora P. ex. Fr. grown at different elevations. Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences, 4 (2), B168-B175.
[64] MOA (Ministry of Agriculture). (2013). Plant variety release, protection, and seed quality control directorate, Crop varieties register, (16), 330. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[65] FAOStat (Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations Statistics Division). (2012). Crop production. Retrieved from http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor
[66] Ward, N. L., & Masters, G. J. (2007). Linking climate change and species invasion: An illustration using insect herbivores. Global Change Biology, 13,(8), 1605–1615.
[67] Van Oijen, M., Dauzat, J., Harmand, J.-M., Lawson, G., & Vaast, P. (2010). Coffee agroforestry systems in Central America: I. A review of quantitative information on physiological and ecological processes. Agroforestry Systems, 80 (3), 341-359
[68] Yadessa, A., Burkhardt, J., Denich, M., Woldemariam, T., Bekele, E., & Goldbach, H. (2009). Effect of different indigenous shade trees on the quality of wild arabica coffee in the Afromontane rainforests of Ethiopia. In: 22nd International Conference on Coffee Science, ASIC 2008, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 14-19 September, 2008., (pp. 1227-1233): Association Scientifique Internationale du Café (ASIC).
[69] Kimemia, J. (2007). Influence of an Albizzia shade tree on soil chemical properties, coffee plant growth, and yields in Kenya. In: 21st International Conference on Coffee Science, Montpellier, France, 11-15 September, 2006., (pp. 1199-1202): Association Scientifique Internationale du Café (ASIC).
[70] Harmand, J., Hergoualc'h, K., Miguel, S. d., Dzib, B., Siles, P., & Vaast, P. (2007). Carbon sequestration in coffee agroforestry plantations of Central America. In: 21st International Conference on Coffee Science, Montpellier, France, 11-15 September, 2006., (pp. 1071-1074): Association Scientifique Internationale du Café (ASIC).
[71] Cannell, M. (1985). Physiology of the coffee crop. In: Coffee (pp. 108-134): Springer. Carr, M. K. V. (2001). The water relations and irrigation requirements of coffee. Experimental Agriculture, 37 (1), 1-36.
[72] Alemu MM, Effect of tree shade on coffee crop production. J Sust Dev 8: 66 (2015). (Alemu, 2015)
[73] Abebe Yadessa, Burkhardt, J., Denich, M., Gole, T. W., Bekele, E., Goldbach, H. 2008. Influence of soil properties on cup quality of wild Arabica coffee in coffee forest ecosystem of SW Ethiopia. Paper presented at 22nd International Conference on Coffee Science (ASIC), held between 14-19 September 2008, Campinas, SP, Brazil. (See abstract http://www.asic-cafe.org/pdf/abstract/A102_2008.pdf)
[74] Bote AD and Struik PC, Effects of shade on growth, production and quality of coffee (Coffea arabica) in Ethiopia. J Hortic For 3: 336–341 (2011).
[75] Knapp, D. R. (1979). Handbook of analytical derivatization reactions: John Wiley & Sons.
[76] Evangelista, S. R., Silva, C. F., da Cruz Miguel, M. G. P., de Souza Cordeiro, C., Pinheiro, A. C. M., Duarte, W. F., & Schwan, R. F. (2014). Improvement of coffee beverage quality by using selected yeasts strains during the fermentation in the dry process. Food Research International, 61, 183-195.
[77] Anwar Abasanbi. 2010. Evaluation of Coffee quality and its problem in Oromia regional state. MSc Thesis, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine.
[78] Techale B, Musema A and Kasahun M 2013 Prevalence of some coffee quality problems in Gomma Woreda, Jimma Zone. International journal of agricultural science ISSN 2167-0447 VOL. 3 (8), PP. 621-627.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Bealu Girma Adugna. (2021). Factors Affecting Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Quality in Ethiopia: A Review. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 9(5), 283-291. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Bealu Girma Adugna. Factors Affecting Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Quality in Ethiopia: A Review. Am. J. Agric. For. 2021, 9(5), 283-291. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Bealu Girma Adugna. Factors Affecting Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Quality in Ethiopia: A Review. Am J Agric For. 2021;9(5):283-291. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12,
      author = {Bealu Girma Adugna},
      title = {Factors Affecting Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Quality in Ethiopia: A Review},
      journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
      volume = {9},
      number = {5},
      pages = {283-291},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20210905.12},
      abstract = {Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most significant crop and is consumed all over the world. Twenty-five percent of Ethiopia's population is dependent on the coffee business. Coffee quality can be affected by a variety of factors, including genetic and environmental factors, as well as the level of care given from the field to the bloodletting. On those factors, various studies have been conducted. As a result, this review aims to find out the elements that influence coffee quality in Ethiopia, as well as the analysis gap in coffee quality. Cup quality is also a fancy attribute that is influenced by several elements such as genetics, ecology, cultivation, processing method systems, and storage conditions. One of the most important stages in the preparation of any agricultural product, including coffee, is storage. The quality of coffee is affected by post-harvest operations and the plant's structure. Every stakeholder, including farmers' awareness, has played a part in Ethiopia's intriguing coffee quality.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Factors Affecting Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Quality in Ethiopia: A Review
    AU  - Bealu Girma Adugna
    Y1  - 2021/09/15
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12
    T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    SP  - 283
    EP  - 291
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8591
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210905.12
    AB  - Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most significant crop and is consumed all over the world. Twenty-five percent of Ethiopia's population is dependent on the coffee business. Coffee quality can be affected by a variety of factors, including genetic and environmental factors, as well as the level of care given from the field to the bloodletting. On those factors, various studies have been conducted. As a result, this review aims to find out the elements that influence coffee quality in Ethiopia, as well as the analysis gap in coffee quality. Cup quality is also a fancy attribute that is influenced by several elements such as genetics, ecology, cultivation, processing method systems, and storage conditions. One of the most important stages in the preparation of any agricultural product, including coffee, is storage. The quality of coffee is affected by post-harvest operations and the plant's structure. Every stakeholder, including farmers' awareness, has played a part in Ethiopia's intriguing coffee quality.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

  • Sections