-
Roles of Community-Based Seed System to Mitigate Seed Shortage Problem Under Metekel Zone, Western Ethiopia
Takele Atnafu Delele,
Dirshaye Hailu Gebre,
Talefe Ayele Zenebe
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
276-282
Received:
8 August 2021
Accepted:
20 August 2021
Published:
10 September 2021
Abstract: Seed is one of the major agricultural inputs to enhance agricultural production and productivity. Formal and informal seed systems are the main seed sources for producers. Majority (90%) of seed demand has been covered through informal seed system. The main objectives of community-based seed system are to solve seed shortage problems, establish strong linkage among stakeholders and promoting new agricultural technologies rapidly to a wider geographical coverage. The activity was done in Metekel zone districts accordingly for the last four consecutive years. Soybean, sesame, wheat, fingure millet and rice were the priority crops included under community-based seed system. The system plays an indispensable role to reduce the problem of seed shortage in Benishangul Gumuz region in general and in Metekel zone in particular due to absence of seed enterprises. Community-based seed multiplication is also served as a strategic approach to promote the newly released crop varieties to address the wider areas of the communities rapidly. Results of community-based multiplication revealed that 1,160.889 tons of certified seeds were produced from 709.05 hectares of land in the four consecutive years. The produced seeds highly reduced seed shortage problem in the study area and across the country. Pawe agricultural research center distributed 37.354 ton basic and pre-basic seeds for 506 seed producers with technical trainings and other full packages and the center has a lion share under this system. The system is significantly increased the income of seed producer farmers and highly perceived as a business. The government of Benishangul Gumuz has to give special attention for the establishment of seed enterprise since community-based seed system cannot be a permanent solution for securing seeds across the region.
Abstract: Seed is one of the major agricultural inputs to enhance agricultural production and productivity. Formal and informal seed systems are the main seed sources for producers. Majority (90%) of seed demand has been covered through informal seed system. The main objectives of community-based seed system are to solve seed shortage problems, establish str...
Show More
-
Factors Affecting Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Quality in Ethiopia: A Review
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
283-291
Received:
13 August 2021
Accepted:
30 August 2021
Published:
15 September 2021
Abstract: Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most significant crop and is consumed all over the world. Twenty-five percent of Ethiopia's population is dependent on the coffee business. Coffee quality can be affected by a variety of factors, including genetic and environmental factors, as well as the level of care given from the field to the bloodletting. On those factors, various studies have been conducted. As a result, this review aims to find out the elements that influence coffee quality in Ethiopia, as well as the analysis gap in coffee quality. Cup quality is also a fancy attribute that is influenced by several elements such as genetics, ecology, cultivation, processing method systems, and storage conditions. One of the most important stages in the preparation of any agricultural product, including coffee, is storage. The quality of coffee is affected by post-harvest operations and the plant's structure. Every stakeholder, including farmers' awareness, has played a part in Ethiopia's intriguing coffee quality.
Abstract: Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most significant crop and is consumed all over the world. Twenty-five percent of Ethiopia's population is dependent on the coffee business. Coffee quality can be affected by a variety of factors, including genetic and environmental factors, as well as the level of care given from the field to the bloodletting. On t...
Show More
-
Management and Environmental Contribution of Woody Species Diversity Parkland Agroforestry System in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
292-298
Received:
11 August 2021
Accepted:
2 September 2021
Published:
26 September 2021
Abstract: Parkland agroforestry practices have placed greater emphasis on improving the climate, improving fertility, protecting water, and improving biodiversity. The objective of this paper is therefore to review the management and its ecological contribution to the diversity of wood species in agroforestry in Ethiopia in parklands. The practice is known by growing isolated trees on arable land by incorporating annual plants; that preserves biodiversity. Parkland agroforestry, a system practiced by many local populations, encompasses most of the agricultural landscape in Ethiopia and is very important in several aspects such as: for food security, microclimate improvement, economic benefits, environmental protection, household energy, household appliances, cultural values, traditional medicine and animal feed. There are many indigenous multipurpose tree species scattered across farmland in Ethiopia, and some of the most popular include: Millettia ferruginea, Cordia africana, Ficus vasta, Ficus sur, Croton macrostachyus, and Faidherbia albida. Parkland tree management is a process for controlling arboriculture competition in agricultural fields, so the selection and management of the species involved affects the success of the system. Management of the trees is essential to ensure the continued return of mulch or leaf forage and light shade through the use of heading, pruning and pruning measures, which should be done in early summer.
Abstract: Parkland agroforestry practices have placed greater emphasis on improving the climate, improving fertility, protecting water, and improving biodiversity. The objective of this paper is therefore to review the management and its ecological contribution to the diversity of wood species in agroforestry in Ethiopia in parklands. The practice is known b...
Show More
-
Dynamics of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Agroforestry Parklands in the Region of Cacheu (Guinea Bissau) from 2003 to 2018
Boubacar Sagna,
Daouda Ngom,
Boubacar Camara,
Mamadou Abdoul Ader Diedhiou,
Boubacar Solly,
Sekouna Diatta
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
299-311
Received:
27 August 2021
Accepted:
14 September 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: Like other regions of Guinea Bissau, the economy of the Cacheu region is not very diversified and is dominated by cashew nut cultivation. As the country's leading production zone, with more than 30% of the national cashew nut production, the region has seen the disappearance of a large part of its natural ecosystems, especially the Elaeis guineensis parklands, despite their socio-economic importance. It is in this logic that this study is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the Elaeis guineensis parklands in the Cacheu region over the last fifteen years. To do this, terroir transects and mapping were carried out in order to identify and see the evolution of the landscape units. Surveys on the dynamics of the parklands and other landscape units have been carried out. The combination of these methods revealed a strong disappearance of Elaeis guineensis parklands and natural vegetation. Between 2003 and 2018, an average increase of 224 ha of cashew plantation by village terroir was noted, already causing the disappearance of 153.26 ha of Elaeis guineensis parklands on average. The main cause of this disappearance is the uncontrolled expansion of cashew nut plantations. In addition to this, there are many cuts of palm tree for house construction, habitat expansion, bad exploitation practices and climate deterioration. This pressure on Elaeis guineensis parklands is gradually leading them to disappear in favour of cashew nut monoculture. It is for this purpose that special attention is being paid to these ecosystems, which are of paramount importance to the livelihood of the local population.
Abstract: Like other regions of Guinea Bissau, the economy of the Cacheu region is not very diversified and is dominated by cashew nut cultivation. As the country's leading production zone, with more than 30% of the national cashew nut production, the region has seen the disappearance of a large part of its natural ecosystems, especially the Elaeis guineensi...
Show More
-
Yield Performance of Some Advanced Aromatic Rice Genotypes in Guyana
Mahendra Persaud,
Nandram Gobind,
Violet Henry,
Rajendra Persaud,
Oudho Homenauth
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
312-318
Received:
31 July 2021
Accepted:
10 September 2021
Published:
29 October 2021
Abstract: Breeding for quality traits is one of the major objectives of the Rice Breeding programs in Guyana and many other countries that are self-sufficient in rice production. Aromatic rice constitutes a special group of rice which is known as the best quality of rice worldwide. It is known for its nut/popcorn-like aroma and taste. This group is estimated to account for only 15-18% of the total rice trade on the world market. They are rated as the best in quality and sell for a much higher price than high quality non-aromatic rice on the international market. Due to this fact, considerable attention has been given towards developing aromatic varieties with the view of allowing the Guyanese farmers the opportunity to enter this niche aromatic rice market and enjoy the premium price offered. So far, the breeding program has released one aromatic variety (viz. GRDB 13) for commercial cultivation in Guyana. Further, more than 200 breeding lines were evaluated and of which 14 elite genotypes were selected for further testing of their yielding ability and agronomic traits for developing and released as an aromatic rice variety. These strains were tested during the spring crop of 2019 at Rice Research Station, Burma, Mahaicony, East Coast Demerara, Guyana in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The study identified three high yielding genotypes viz., G13-113 (7840.5 kg/ha), G13-114 (7761.8 kg/ha) and G17-138 (7526.5 kg/ha) with statistically similar to the high yielding ability as the aromatic check variety, GRDB 13. In addition, all except two genotypes (G13-116 and G17-138), showed good tolerance to lodging. There was significant variability among the aromatic genotypes evaluated for days to maturity, plant height, tillers, grain length, fertility of grains, panicle length and grain weight. Also the aromatic genotypes showed similar excellent milling and cooking qualities as the local varieties.
Abstract: Breeding for quality traits is one of the major objectives of the Rice Breeding programs in Guyana and many other countries that are self-sufficient in rice production. Aromatic rice constitutes a special group of rice which is known as the best quality of rice worldwide. It is known for its nut/popcorn-like aroma and taste. This group is estimated...
Show More
-
Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates and Its Placement Methods on Residual Soil Phosphorus, Yield, and Phosphorus Uptake of Maize: At Bedele District, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
319-333
Received:
29 September 2021
Accepted:
21 October 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: In spitefulness of the increase in land areas under maize production, yield is still low due to declining soil fertility because of un-appropriate use of fertilizer rates and placement methods. Therefore this study was conducted to determine P fertilization rates and the relative effectiveness of different placement methods on the yield, P uptake of maize and concentration of P in the soil. The experiment was carried out at Bedele district. Four level of P fertilizer (0, 23, 46 and 69 P2O5 kgha-1) and three placement methods of P application (broadcasting P and seeds, surface banding P to the side of the seeds, and deep band P fertilizer below the seeds) were implemented as treatments with three replications in randomized complete block design. Dry biomass, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, residual soil P, and total P in grain were highly significantly (P< 0.01) influenced by effect of P fertilizer rates and placement methods. Total P in the soil significantly (P<0.05) influenced by placement methods. Mean plant height, total N in the grain and total N in the stalks highly significant (P<0.01) influenced by effect of P fertilizer rates and its placement methods. The mean days to maturity highly significantly (P<0.01) influenced only by P fertilizer rates. The highest grain yield (78.40 qt ha-1) and biomass yield (142.11 qt ha-1) were noted from surface banding of P fertilizer to the sides of the seeds at application of 69 P2O5 kg /ha respectively when compared with the no P2O5 application. However, P and N uptakes by Maize ranged from 0.84% with no P2O5 to 1.32% at the rate of 69 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 0.656% with no P2O5 to 1.04% at rate of 69 kg P2O5 ha-1, respectively. Also, the residual soil P after harvest of the maize ranged from 1.312 with no P2O5 to 11.79ppm was recorded at application of 69 kg P2O5 ha-1. Therefore, using surface banding P fertilizer to the sides of the seeds with 69kg P2O5 ha-1 to increase the production of maize over increase the efficiency of P uptake.
Abstract: In spitefulness of the increase in land areas under maize production, yield is still low due to declining soil fertility because of un-appropriate use of fertilizer rates and placement methods. Therefore this study was conducted to determine P fertilization rates and the relative effectiveness of different placement methods on the yield, P uptake o...
Show More
