Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev; Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev; Sergey Petrovich Kazakov; Yuliya Arkadievna Nam; Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev, Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev, Sergey Petrovich Kazakov, Yuliya Arkadievna Nam, Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)

Received: 16 August 2021 Accepted: 7 September 2021 Published: 27 September 2021

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Abstract

This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
Page(s)	127-137
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Age-related Macular Degeneration, COVID-19, Virus Infection

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Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev, Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev, Sergey Petrovich Kazakov, Yuliya Arkadievna Nam, Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov. (2021). Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 7(5), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

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Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev; Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev; Sergey Petrovich Kazakov; Yuliya Arkadievna Nam; Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov. Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2021, 7(5), 127-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

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Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev, Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev, Sergey Petrovich Kazakov, Yuliya Arkadievna Nam, Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov. Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2021;7(5):127-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11,
  author = {Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev and Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev and Sergey Petrovich Kazakov and Yuliya Arkadievna Nam and Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov},
  title = {Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {127-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20210705.11},
  abstract = {This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19
AU  - Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev
AU  - Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev
AU  - Sergey Petrovich Kazakov
AU  - Yuliya Arkadievna Nam
AU  - Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov
Y1  - 2021/09/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
SP  - 127
EP  - 137
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8032
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
AB  - This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev

Consulting Department, City Clinical Hospital Named by S. P. Botkin, Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev

State Clinical Hospital Named by S. P. Botkin, Moscow City Ophthalmological Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
Sergey Petrovich Kazakov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia Federation
Yuliya Arkadievna Nam

Branch №2, Federal Budgetary Institution of Healthcare, Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia Federation

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Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev, Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev, Sergey Petrovich Kazakov, Yuliya Arkadievna Nam, Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov. (2021). Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 7(5), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

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ACS Style

Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev; Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev; Sergey Petrovich Kazakov; Yuliya Arkadievna Nam; Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov. Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2021, 7(5), 127-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

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AMA Style

Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev, Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev, Sergey Petrovich Kazakov, Yuliya Arkadievna Nam, Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov. Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2021;7(5):127-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11,
  author = {Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev and Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev and Sergey Petrovich Kazakov and Yuliya Arkadievna Nam and Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov},
  title = {Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {127-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20210705.11},
  abstract = {This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19
AU  - Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev
AU  - Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev
AU  - Sergey Petrovich Kazakov
AU  - Yuliya Arkadievna Nam
AU  - Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov
Y1  - 2021/09/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
SP  - 127
EP  - 137
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8032
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210705.11
AB  - This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
ER  -

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