At the present time, the number of patients with comorbid cardiometabolic dysfunctions, which cause more early onsets of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their quick progressions, has increased. Results of studies permit to suggest that such high comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) are caused by commonness of pathogenic mechanisms. Special attention should be given to predictors of cardiac dysfunctions occurrence in cases of diabetes mellitus, which will allow to improve prognosis for a patient and to decrease risk of death. In the article, there are outlined contemporary problems of important cardiovascular dysfunctions in cases of progression of diabetes mellitus; that will allow to draw attention of doctors to the most complicated problems of comorbid cardiometabolic disorders.
Published in | International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 1, Issue 1) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ijde.20160101.11 |
Page(s) | 1-7 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Heart Disease, Arterial Hypertension
[1] | Melmed, S.; Polonsky, K. S.; Larsen, P. R.; Kronenberg, H. M. Williams textbook of endocrinology. Elsevier Health Sciences 2015, 1936 p. [Google Scholar]. |
[2] | Standards of medical care in diabetes. American Diabetes Association 2016, 39, 112 p. [CrossRef]. |
[3] | Zimmet, P. Z.; Alberti, K. G. Epidemiology of Diabetes. Status of a Pandemic and Issues Around Metabolic Surgery. Diabetes Care 2016, 39, 878–883. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[4] | Ametov, A. S. Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Problems and solutions: Proc. allowance. 3rd ed., Rev. and ext. Moscow: GEOTAR Media 2015, 1, 352. [Google Scholar]. |
[5] | Metzger, B. E.; Lowe, L. P.; Dyer, A. R.; Trimble, E. R.; Chaovarindr, U.; Coustan, D. R.; Hadden, D. R.; McCance, D. R.; Hod, M.; McIntyre, H. D.; et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008, 358, 1991–2002. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[6] | Guariguata, L.; Whiting, D.; Weil, C.; Unwin, N. The International Diabetes Federation diabetes atlas methodology for estimating global and national prevalence of diabetes in adults. Diabetes research and clinical practice 2011, 94, 322–332. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[7] | Hirst, M. International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. 7th edition, 2015. [Google Scholar]. |
[8] | Aguiree, F.; Alwan, A.; Bowers, R.; Dain, K. et al. IDF diabetes atlas. 2013. [Google Scholar]. |
[9] | Cho, N. H.; Whiting, D.; Forouhi, N.; Hambleton I., Li R.; Majeed A.; Mbanya J. C.; Motala A.; Ramachandran A.; Rathmann W.; Roglic G.; et al. IDF diabetes atlas. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2013. [Google Scholar]. |
[10] | 10. Fendler, W.; Borowiec, M.; Baranowska-Jazwiecka, A.; Szadkowska A.; Skala-Zamorowska E.; Deja G.; Jarosz-Chobot P.; Techmanska I.; Bautembach-Minkowska J.; Mysliwiec M.; et al. Prevalence of monogenic diabetes amongst Polish children after a nationwide genetic screening campaign. Diabetologia 2012, 55, 2631–2635. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[11] | Largay J. Case Study: New-Onset Diabetes: How to Tell the Difference Between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Clinical Diabetes 2012, 30, 25–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] |
[12] | Hirschfeld, G.; von Glischinski, M.; Knop, C.; Wiesel, T.; Reinehr, T.. Aksu, F.; Blankenburg, M.; Hirsch, J.; Zernikow, B.; Difficulties in screening for peripheral neuropathies in children with diabetes. Diabetic Medicine 2015, 32, 786–789. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[13] | Holman, N.; Young, B.; Gadsby, R. Current prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults and children in the UK. Diabetic Medicine 2015, 32, 1119–1120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[14] | Islam, S. T.; Abraham, A.; Donaghue, K. C.; Chan, A. K.; Lloyd, M.; Srinivasan, S.; Craig, M. E. Plateau of adiposity in Australian children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes: a 20-year study. Diabetic Medicine 2014, 31, 686–690. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[15] | Kahn, R.; Alperin, P.; Eddy, D.; Borch-Johnsen, K.; Buse, J.; Feigelman, J.; Gregg, E.; Holman, R. R.; Kirkman, M. S.; Stern, M.; Tuomilehto, J.; et al. Age at initiation and frequency of screening to detect type 2 diabetes: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet 2010, 375, 1365–1374. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[16] | Wass, J. A. H.; Stewart, P. M. Oxford textbook of endocrinology and diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]. |
[17] | Ahima, R. S. Overview of Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Textbook 2016, 3–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]. |
[18] | Cryer, P. Glucose homeostasis and hypoglycemia. In: Kronenberg H., Melmed, S.; Polonsky, K.; Larsen, P.; eds. Williams textbook of endocrinology, 11th ed.—Philadelphia: Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. 2008, 1503–1533. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]. |
[19] | Nussey, S. S.; Whitehead, S. A. Endocrinology: an integrated approach. CRC Press, 2013. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[20] | Yang, W.; Zhao, W.; Xiao, J.; Li, R.; Zhang, P.; Kissimova-Skarbek, K.; Schneider, E.; Jia, W.; Ji, L.; Guo, X.; et al. Medical Care and Payment for Diabetes in China: Enormous Threat and Great Opportunity. PloS one 2012, 7, e39513. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[21] | Dedov, I. I.; Melnichenko, G. A. Endocrinology: national leadership. Moscow: GEOTAR Media, 2008, 479-487. [Google Scholar]. |
[22] | Mathers, C. D.; Loncar, D. Updated projections of global mortality and burden of disease, 2002–2030: data sources, methods and results. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]. |
[23] | Van der Aa MP.; Farsani, S. F.; Knibbe, C. A.; de Boer, A.; van der Vorst, M. M. Population-based studies on the epidemiology of insulin resistance in children. Journal of diabetes research 2015, 20, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[24] | Yamazoe, M.; Hisamatsu, T.; Miura, K.; Kadowaki S.; Zaid M.; Kadota A.; Torii S.; Miyazawa I.; Fujiyoshi A.; Arima H.; et al. Relationship of Insulin Resistance to Prevalence and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Beyond Metabolic Syndrome Components Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2016, 36, 1703-1708 [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[25] | Perry, R. C.; Baron, A. D. Impaired glucose tolerance. Why is it not a disease? Diabetes Care 1999, 22, 883–885. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[26] | Tominaga, M.; Eguchi, H.; Manaka, H.; Igarashi K.; Kato T.; Sekikawa A. Impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but not impaired fasting glucose. The Funagata Diabetes Study. Diabetes care 1999, 22, 920–924. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[27] | Volkov, V. I.; Serik, S. A. Coronary heart disease with type 2 diabetes: epidemiology, pathophysiology and prevention. International Journal of Medicine 2006, 4, 41-47. [Google Scholar]. |
[28] | Hillis, L. D.; Smith, P. K.; Anderson, J. L.; Bittl, J. A.; Bridges, C. R.; Byrne, J. G.; Cigarroa, J. E.; DiSesa, V. J.; et al. ACCF/AHA guideline for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012, 143, 4-34. [PubMed]. |
[29] | Ryden, L.; Grant, P. J.; Anker, S. D.; Berne, C.; Cosentino, F.; Danchin, N.; Deaton, C.; Escaned, J.; Hammes, H. P.; Huikuri. H.; et al. ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. European heart journal 2013, 34, 3035–3087. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[30] | McGill, H. C. Jr.; McMahan, C. A. Determinants of atherosclerosis in the young. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Am. J. Cardiol. 1998, 82, 30–36. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[31] | Selvin, E.; Rawlings, A. M.; Bergenstal, R. M.; Coresh, J.; Brancati, F. L. No racial differences in the association of glycated hemoglobin with kidney disease and cardiovascular outcomes. Diabetes Care 2013, 36, 2995–3001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[32] | Feskens, E. J.; Kromhout, D. Glucose tolerance and the risk of cardiovascular disease: the Zutphen Study. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1992, 45, 1327–1334. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[33] | Hurst, R. T.; Lee, R. W. Increased incidence of coronaryatherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and management. Ann. Intern. Med. 2003, 139, 824–834. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[34] | Huxley, R.; Barzi, F.; Woodward, M. Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2006, 332, 73–78. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[35] | Balabolkin, M. I. Endocrinology. 2nd ed., Rev. and ext. Moscow: The Universe Publishing, 1998, 416 p. [Google Scholar]. |
[36] | Dedov, I. I. Coronary heart disease and diabetes: prevention and treatment of diagnostic algorithm. Moscow: Medicine, 2007. [Google Scholar]. |
[37] | Paul, O. Multiple risk factor intervention trial. Risk factor changes and mortality results. JAMA 1982, 248, 1465–1477. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[38] | Haffner, S. M. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998, 21, 160–178. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[39] | Eckel, R. H.; Wassef, M.; Chait, A.; Sobel, B.; Barrett, E.; King, G.; Lopes-Virella, M.; Reusch, J.; Ruderman, N.; Steiner, G.; et al. Prevention Conference VI: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Writing Group II: pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Circulat 2002, 105, 138–143. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[40] | Davydov, A. L.; Baranova, L. Y. Features and histological ultrostrukturnoy organization myocardial and vascular wall in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Problems of Endocrinology 2005, 3, 33-38. [Google Scholar]. |
[41] | Aleksandrov, A. A.; Yadrihinskaya, M. N.; Kukharenko, S. S. Atrial fibrillation: the new face of diabetes in the XXI century. Diabetes 2011, 1, 53-60. [Google Scholar]. |
[42] | Nikolaev, N. A.; Potash, D. A.; Gnatko, G. I.; et al. Sudden cardiac death. Heart 2006, 5, 265-267. [Google Scholar]. |
[43] | Jouven, X.; Desnos, M.; Guerot, C.; Ducimetière, P. Predicting Sudden Death in the Population The Paris Prospective Study I. Circulation 1999, 99, 1978–1983. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[44] | Sexton, P. T.; Walsh, J.; Jamrozik, K.; Parsons R. Risk factors for sudden unexpected cardiac death in Tasmanian men. Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine 1997, 27, 45–50. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[45] | Wannamethee, G.; Ebrahim, S.; Shaper, A. G. Gamma-glutamyltransferase: determinants and association with mortality from ischemic heart disease and all causes. American journal of epidemiology 1995, 142, 699–708. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[46] | Maslyayev, L. V.; Starchenko, T. G. Violation of rhythm and conduction of the heart in patients with hypertension and concomitant type 2 diabetes. Proceedings of the First All-Russian Congress of aritmologov. Moscow, 2005, 72-74. [Google Scholar]. |
[47] | Osgren, C. J.; Merlo, J.; Rastam, L.; Lindblad, U. Atrial fibrillation and its association with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in a Swedish community. Obes. Metab. 2004, 6, 367–374. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[48] | Duckworth, W.; Abraira, C.; Moritz, T.; Duckworth, W.; Abraira, C.; Moritz, T.; Reda, D.; Emanuele, N.; Reaven, P. D.; Zieve, F. J.; Marks, J.; Davis, S. N.; Hayward, R.; et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009, 360, 129–139. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[49] | Egi, M.; Bellomo, R.; Stachowski, E.; French, C. J.; Hart, G. Variability of blood glucose concentration and short-term mortality in critically ill patients. Anesthesilogy 2006, 105, 244–252. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[50] | Krinsley, J. S. Glycemic variability: a strong independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients. Crit. Care Med. 2008, 36, 3008–3013. [PubMed]. |
[51] | Esposito, K.; Nappo, F.; Marfella, R.; Giugliano, G.; Giugliano, F.; Ciotola, M.; Quagliaro, L.; Ceriello, A.; Giugliano, D. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress. Circulation 2002, 106, 2067–2072. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[52] | Puljevic, D.; Smalclj, A.; Duracovic, Z.; Goldner, V. QT dispersion, daily variations, QT interval adaptation and late potentials as risk markers for ventricular tachycardia. Eur. Heart J. 1997, 18, 1343–1349. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[53] | Palatini, P.; Julius, P.; Julius, S. The role of cardiac autonomic function in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 2009, 11, 199–205. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[54] | Stender, M.; Eaton, S.; Clark, D.; Hopkinson, P. Cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients in primary care. The future of diabetes care. Selected Abstracts of the 36th Annual Meeting from the Europian Aassociation for the Study of Diabetes 2000; poster 1073. [Google Scholar]. |
[55] | Kirby, M. Heart disease prevention—what place for the glitazones? Br. J. Cardiol. 2006, 13, 66–70. [Google Scholar]. |
[56] | Klimontov, V. V.; Tian, N. V.; Soldatov, G. S. Coronary heart disease in diabetes: diagnosis and treatment standards: Proc. Benefit. Novosib. state. Univ. - Novosibirsk: RIC NSU 2015, 40 p. [Google Scholar]. |
[57] | Starostin, I. V.; Talitsky, K. A.; Bulkin, O. S.; Karpov, Y. A. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and collateral blood flow in the myocardium. Diabetes 2013, 1, 9-26. [Google Scholar]. |
[58] | Meier, P.; Hemingway, H.; Lansky, A. J.; Knapp, G.; Pitt, B.; Seiler, C. The impact of the coronary collateral circulation on mortality: a meta-analysis. Eur. Heart. J. 2012, 33, 614–621. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[59] | Pohl, T.; Seiler, C.; Billinger, M. et al. Frequency distribution of collateral flow and factors influencing collateral channel development. Functional collateral channel measurement in 450 patients with coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001, 38, 1872–1878. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[60] | Yilmaz, M. B.; Caldir, V.; Guray, Y.; Guray, U.; Altay, H.; Demirkan, B.; Cay S.; Kisacik, H. L.; Korkmaz, S. Relation of coronary collateral vessel development in patients with a totally occluded right coronary artery to the metabolic syndrome. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006, 97, 636–639. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[61] | Korczyna, T. Y. Coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical treatment. Tomsk: STT 2002, 352 p. [Google Scholar]. |
[62] | Tolkachev, V. V.; Babayev, L. A. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with cardiovascular disease patients. Medicine 2006, 3, 62-67. [Google Scholar]. |
[63] | Dedov, I. I.; Shestakova, M. V.; Galstyan, G. R. Algorithms specialized medical care to patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2015, 18, 112 p. [Google Scholar]. |
[64] | Anderson, E. A.; Mark, A. L. The vasodilator action of insulin. Implications for the insulin hypothesis of hypertension. Hypertension 1993, 21, 136–141. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[65] | Cosson, E.; Nguyen, M. T.; Chanu, B.; Banu, I.; Chiheb, S.; Balta, C.; Takbou, K.; Valensi, P. Cardiovascular risk prediction is improved by adding asymptomatic coronary status to routine risk assessment in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2011, 34, 2101–2107. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[66] | Hanley, A. J.; Karter, A. J.; Festa, A.; D'Agostino, R. Jr.; Wagenknecht, L. E.; Savage, P.; Tracy, R. P.; Saad, M. F.; Haffner, S. Factor analysis of metabolic syndrome using directly measured insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2002, 51, 2642–2647. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[67] | Cefalu, W. T.; Cannon, C. P. Atlas of cardiometabolic risk. Informa Healthcare, 2007. [Google Scholar]. |
[68] | Dedov, I. I.; Shestakova, M. V. Diabetes and hypertension. Moscow: Medical Information Agency, 2006, 344 p. [Google Scholar]. |
[69] | Williams, B.; Poulter, N. R.; Brown, M. J.; Davis, M.; McInnes, G. T.; Potter, J. F.; Thom, S. M. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society. Journal of human hypertension 2004, 18, 139–185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[70] | Rossing, P.; Rossing, K.; Jacobsen, P.; Parving, H. H. Unchanged incidence of diabetic nephropathy in IDDM patients. Diabetes. 1995, 44, 739–743. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[71] | Resnick, H. E.; Howard, B. V. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Annual review of medicine 2002, 53, 245–267. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[72] | Taek, С.; Smits, P.; Willemsen, J. J.; Lenders, J. W.; Thien, T.; Lutterman, J. A. Effects of insulin on vascular tone and sympathetic nervous system in NIDDM. Diabetes 1996, 45, 15–22. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[73] | Morales, P. A.; Mitchell, B. D.; Valdez, R. A.; Hazuda, H. P.; Stern, M. P.; Haffner, S. M. Incidence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in hypertensive subjects. The San Antonio Heart Study. Diabetes 1993, 42, 154–161. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[74] | Skarfors, E. T.; Selinus, K. I.; Lithell, H. O. Risk factors for developing non-insulin dependent diabetes: a 10 year follow up of men in Uppsala. British Medical Journal 1991, 303, 755–760. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[75] | Gress, T. W.; Nieto, F. J.; Shahar, E.; Wofford, M. R.; Brancati, F. L. Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. New England Journal of Medicine 2000, 342, 905–912. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[76] | Turner, R. C. Hypertension in diabetes study (Hds). 1. Prevalence of hypertension in newly presenting Type-2 diabetic-patients and the association with risk-factors for cardiovascular and diabetic complications. J. Hypertens 1993, 11, 309–317. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
[77] | Stamler, J.; Vaccaro, O.; Neaton, J. D.; Wentworth, D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-year cardiovascular mortality for men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes care 1993, 16, 434–444. [CrossRef] [PubMed]. |
APA Style
Maxim Mamalyga. (2016). Contemporary Problems of Cardiovascular Disorders at Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20160101.11
ACS Style
Maxim Mamalyga. Contemporary Problems of Cardiovascular Disorders at Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016, 1(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20160101.11
@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20160101.11, author = {Maxim Mamalyga}, title = {Contemporary Problems of Cardiovascular Disorders at Diabetes Mellitus}, journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20160101.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20160101.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20160101.11}, abstract = {At the present time, the number of patients with comorbid cardiometabolic dysfunctions, which cause more early onsets of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their quick progressions, has increased. Results of studies permit to suggest that such high comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) are caused by commonness of pathogenic mechanisms. Special attention should be given to predictors of cardiac dysfunctions occurrence in cases of diabetes mellitus, which will allow to improve prognosis for a patient and to decrease risk of death. In the article, there are outlined contemporary problems of important cardiovascular dysfunctions in cases of progression of diabetes mellitus; that will allow to draw attention of doctors to the most complicated problems of comorbid cardiometabolic disorders.}, year = {2016} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Contemporary Problems of Cardiovascular Disorders at Diabetes Mellitus AU - Maxim Mamalyga Y1 - 2016/12/17 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20160101.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijde.20160101.11 T2 - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology JF - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology JO - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2640-1371 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20160101.11 AB - At the present time, the number of patients with comorbid cardiometabolic dysfunctions, which cause more early onsets of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their quick progressions, has increased. Results of studies permit to suggest that such high comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) are caused by commonness of pathogenic mechanisms. Special attention should be given to predictors of cardiac dysfunctions occurrence in cases of diabetes mellitus, which will allow to improve prognosis for a patient and to decrease risk of death. In the article, there are outlined contemporary problems of important cardiovascular dysfunctions in cases of progression of diabetes mellitus; that will allow to draw attention of doctors to the most complicated problems of comorbid cardiometabolic disorders. VL - 1 IS - 1 ER -